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941.
Maremmani I Lazzeri A Pacini M Lovrecic M Placidi GF Perugi G 《Journal of psychoactive drugs》2004,36(2):235-241
The prevalence and the clinical meaning of cannabis use in patients with chronic psychosis has not been systematically explored. The authors have compared the diagnostic and symptomatological characteristics of 111 male patients affected by chronic psychosis with and without past or current use of cannabis. Sixty-six patients were still using or had used cannabis; in all cases the use preceded the onset of psychotic symptoms. Forty-three patients were cannabis-positive on urinary screening at the moment of hospitalization and 23 were currently cannabis-free but reported the use of cannabis in the past. Forty-five patients were negative on urinary screening and reported no past history of cannabis use. In evaluating the psychopathological features, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Overt Aggression Rating Scale (AORS) were used. The three groups showed similar demographic data, except for age, which was lower in current cannabis users than in nonusers; no differences were found between current and past users. As regards diagnostic features, "mood cluster" was significantly better represented in cannabis users and "schizophrenic cluster" in nonusers; bipolar spectrum disorders were more frequently reported than unipolar ones. When past and current users were grouped together, only blunted affect score was significantly higher in nonusers than in users, while clastic violence showed higher scores in users. These data indicate that chronic, psychosis, whether associated with past or with current use of cannabis, is frequently associated with bipolar spectrum disorders and tends to display less blunted affect and more clastic behavior. 相似文献
942.
Sclano FG 《Inflammopharmacology》2004,12(1):95-98
Biography
Giuliano Sclano (1947–2002) 相似文献943.
Hanau S Rinaldi E Dallocchio F Gilbert IH Dardonville C Adams MJ Gover S Barrett MP 《Current medicinal chemistry》2004,11(19):2639-2650
New drugs are urgently required for Human African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), a disease which has re-emerged as a major health threat in Sub-Saharan Africa. The third enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, has been shown to be a good target for drugs. The enzyme is essential to the trypanosomes that causes sleeping sickness and structural differences when compared to its mammalian counterpart allow for selective inhibition. Three series of inhibitors have been designed, these include phosphorylated carbohydrate substrate and transition state analogues, non-carbohydrate substrate analogues and also triphenylmethane-based compounds. All have shown selective inhibition of the trypanosomal 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and representatives of each have trypanocidal activity. 相似文献
944.
Avitabile T Franco L Ortisi E Castiglione F Pulvirenti M Torrisi B Castiglione F Reibaldi A 《Cornea》2004,23(7):655-660
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to introduce a new paradigm for keratoconus assessment, the keratoconus index (KI), generated from the ratio of peripheral corneal thickness (PCT) to the thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), and calculated by a computer-assisted procedure after ultrabiomicroscope (UBM) examination. Then we compared KI and the keratoconus severity index (KSI), obtained by videokeratography in patients with different stages of keratoconus. METHODS: We studied 60 eyes with different forms of keratoconus using the TMS-3 autotopographer, provided with a keratoconus screening program (using Smolek-Klyce methods) and the commercial version of the ultrasound biomicroscope (Paradigm UBM Plus Model P45) equipped with a 50-MHz probe, which was provided with our computer-assisted program. The proportion test Z and the correlation coefficient R were applied to the outcomes. RESULTS: The keratoconus severity index, KSI, obtained by color-coded videokeratographic maps, was in the range 95% to 32% (mean 52.22%). By means of UBM examination, we obtained 60 images and found values of TCT 0.278-0.592 mm and PCT 0.475-0.704 mm. Applying the computer-assisted method, we obtained values for KI of 1.112-2.159 (mean 1.428). CONCLUSIONS: KI is correlated as well as KSI with the severity of the keratoconus (R = 0.76, P < 0.0001). It can be used as a similar parameter to measure the evolution of the disease, on the basis of corneal thickness rather than the curvature. 相似文献
945.
946.
De Benito L Merino P Gómez de Liaño P Franco G Herrera J 《Archivos de la Sociedad Espa?ola de Oftalmología》2004,79(4):189-192
CASE: A 4-month-old girl was seen by a paediatrician for psychomotor delay and defective visual fixation. In order to shift gaze direction, she had to jerk her head in order to drag her eyes in the direction she wanted to look. She also showed non-specific pyramidal impairment. Herpes human virus type 6 (HHV-6) was amplified by PCR. No other findings could explain her troubles with fixation. She was diagnosed with congenital ocular motor apraxia (C.O.M.A.). DISCUSSION: When C.O.M.A. is suspected, other causes of defective fixation and abnormal cephalic movements must be ruled out through the use of physical examination, electrophysiology and neuroimaging: troubles with ocular motility, poor vision or neurological processes. There have been cases associated with neurological misdevelopment, systemic diseases, metabolic deficits and chromosomic abnormalities. 相似文献
947.
Rationale The mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system is critically involved in mediating reinstatement of drug-seeking behaviour. Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide that significantly interacts with the mesocorticolimbic system, therefore suggesting a possible role for the SP system in the mediation of relapse.Objectives This study examined the effects of injections of the SP analogue, DiMe-C7, into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) on reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behaviour, as well as on locomotor activity in rats. Additionally, this study examined whether these effects are DA-dependent.Methods Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine for 15 days followed by 15 days of extinction. Reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behaviour was then measured in response to bilateral intra-VTA microinjections of DiMe-C7 (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 2.5 g). In a separate group of rats, locomotor activity was measured in response to intra-VTA injections of DiMe-C7 (0, 0.5, 1.5 and 3 g). The effects of pre-treatment with DA receptor antagonists on DiMe-C7-induced reinstatement and locomotor activity were also examined. Animals were pre-treated with the D1 and D2 receptor antagonists, SCH23390 and haloperidol (0, 0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg, IP), respectively, prior to receiving intra-VTA injections of DiMe-C7 (0 and 2.5 g).Results Infusion of DiMe-C7 into the VTA increased locomotor activity and induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behaviour. Both SCH23390 and haloperidol blocked intra-VTA DiMe-C7-induced locomotor activation. In addition, SCH23390 attenuated DiMe-C7-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behaviour, while haloperidol had no effect.Conclusions These results suggest that interactions between SP and the mesocorticolimbic DA system may play a role in mediating reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behaviour and that the involvement of these interactions in reinstatement are dependent upon D1 receptor mechanisms.Canadian Institutes of Health Research grant to Franco J. Vaccarino. 相似文献
948.
949.
950.
Predictive value of biological markers for hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with orthotopic liver transplantation. 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Michelangelo Fiorentino Annalisa Altimari Matteo Ravaioli Elisa Gruppioni Elena Gabusi Barbara Corti Marco Vivarelli Pierre-Paul Bringuier Jean-Yves Scoazec Walter Franco Grigioni Antonia D'Errico-Grigioni 《Clinical cancer research》2004,10(5):1789-1795
PURPOSE: To help stratify candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), biomarkers are needed that are capable of predicting recurrence of disease (ROD). We investigated the prognostic role in this setting of immunohistochemical markers reported previously to predict poor prognosis in HCC patients treated with resection. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Eighty-three patients with HCC who underwent OLT between 1987 and 2001 with a minimum clinical follow up of 12 months were included in this retrospective study. We analyzed immunohistochemical expression of the adhesion molecules E-cadherin and beta-catenin (membrane/nuclear localization), MIB-1 proliferative index and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27, alongside the main clinical-pathological variables. RESULTS: At univariate analysis, vascular thrombosis, high MIB-1 index, lower membrane expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin, and nuclear beta-catenin localization were associated with ROD. At multivariate analysis, only MIB-1 index, low equal E-cadherin (with respect to non-neoplastic surrounding tissue), and nuclear beta-catenin appeared as independent predictors of ROD. The logistic regression analysis model indicated that detection of any one parameter was associated with at least 88% estimated risk of ROD (up to 99% for all three). CONCLUSIONS: We propose these three molecular parameters as an additional tool for rational selection of OLT candidates among HCC patients (stratification according to the risk of ROD might help provide a similar life expectancy for cirrhotic candidates with and without HCC). 相似文献