52例缺血性结肠炎临床诊治分析

目的 探讨缺血性结肠炎(IC)的临床表现及内镜特点,进一步提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析1999年6月至2009年8月52例IC患者的临床表现及内镜所见的相关资料.结果 本组病例中,38例(73.08%)患有血管相关性疾病,临床表现主要为急性腹痛、腹泻、便血三联征.内镜所见:病变部位主要发生在乙状结肠35例(67.31%),病变范围4～35 cm.结论 缺血性结肠炎急性发作时腹痛是其共同临床特点,内镜检查是诊断本病的有效方法.提高对该病的认识,特别是对伴有基础疾病者,应早期进行结肠镜检查,对尽快明确诊断有重要意义.     

不稳定型桡骨远端骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨不稳定型桡骨远端骨折的手术方法与疗效.方法 自2007年1月至2009年8月手术治疗不稳定型桡骨远端骨折86例,对于简单不稳定骨折(56例)给予掌侧切开显露骨折,直视下复位,安放合适的支撑钢板;对于关节面粉碎的不稳定骨折(30例),先试行闭合手法复位,C型臂X线机透视如复位较满意,则安放外固定支架,再行掌侧入路切开显露骨折,直视下复位,安放合适的支撑钢板.对于桡骨茎突钢板固定困难及尺骨茎突骨折移位明显者(16例),给予切开复位空心钉及克氏针内固定.结果 本组80例患者获得随访,时间6～31个月(平均11个月).按Dienst标准评价疗效:优61例,良16例,差3例,优良率为96.6%.结论 不稳定型桡骨远端骨折应果断实施切开复位,并根据其骨折类型选择不同的固定方式,规范的术中操作以及积极的功能康复是桡骨远端骨折获得理想疗效的关键.     

Essex-Lopresti损伤的生物力学研究

目的 探讨Essex-Lopresti损伤的生物力学机制,为诊治Essex-Lopresti损伤提供生物力学依据.方法 取12具成人新鲜冰冻上肢标本予以处理,先将12具标本("完整状态组")分别在旋前位、旋后位及中立位三种状态下把标本夹持固定于MTS 858生物材料试验机上进行力学测试,恒定加载100 N的压力负荷,每种状态持续30 s后减载.随后将12具标本随机分为2组,6具切除桡骨头为"切头留膜组";另6具切断前臂骨间膜(interosseous membrane,IOM)中间腱性部分为"留头切膜组".每组按上述方法进行生物力学测试.最后将所有标本均切除桡骨头并切断IOM("切头切膜组")按上述方法进行生物力学测试.结果 前臂旋转状态或单纯切断IOM对桡骨纵向位移无影响.单纯切除桡骨头或联合切断IOM和切除桡骨头增加了桡骨的纵向位移.前臂中立位时的桡骨刚度比前臂旋前位大,但比前臂旋后位小.单纯切断IOM对桡骨刚度没有影响,单纯切除桡骨头或联合切断IOM和切除桡骨头则会使桡骨刚度下降.结论 桡骨头骨折合并IOM损伤可能是Essex-Lopresti损伤产生并发症的重要原因,其中桡骨头骨折是Essex-Lopresti损伤主要原因,而IOM损伤是次要原因.桡骨头切除后IOM是维持前臂纵向稳定的主要结构.     

后腹腔镜下冷冻消融治疗小肾肿瘤的初步报告

Objective To present the technique and short-term results of retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal cryoablation for small renal tumors. Methods Ten selected patients cases with 11 renal tumors were included in present study. There were 3 cases of left renal tumor, 6 cases of right renal tumor and 1 case of bilateral renal tumors. Tumors were located at the upper pole (2), middle (6), or lower pole (3). All tumors were located distant from the collecting system, without evidence of metastatic disease. Mean tumor size was 2. 8 cm (range: 1.5-4.0). All the patients were managed with a double freeze-thaw cycle of retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal cryoablation. The preoperative Hb was (137± 21)g/L, ESR was (27±12)mm/1 h, SCr was (92±41)μmol/L, GFR was (42±10)ml/min.All the patients were taken routine biopsies. Results Cryoablation was technically successful in all 10 patients (11 tumors). The mean time of the operations was (101 ± 31) min, and the mean blood loss was (42±21) ml. None of the cases received blood transfusion post-operation. No operative complication was seen. The postoperative hospital stay was (4±2) d. The postoperative Hb was (129 ±18)g/L,ESR was (31±14)mm/1 h,SCr was (95±39)μmol/L,GFR was (40±11)ml/min. There was no statistic change of Hb, ESR, SCr and ECT-GFR after operations(P＞0. 05). The biopsy results revealed that 8 tumors were renal clear cell carcinomas, and 2 tumors were papillary renal cell carcinomas, and 1 tumor was renal angiomyolipoma. All the patients had a minimum follow-up of 6 months (mean 16, range 6 to 21). Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging at 1, 3, and 6 months identified the punched-out, nonenhancing, spontaneously resorbing, renal cryolesions. Follow-up biopsie of the cryoablated tumor site was negative in the only patient who have undergone the biopsy. No evidence of local or port-site recurrence was found, and no metastatic disease. Conclusions Retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal cryoablation for small renal tumors could be an accurate and effective intervention with a relatively low incidence of complications. Critical long-term data regarding laparoscopic renal cryoablation are awaited.     

Clinical efficacy of superselective arterial embolization in the treatment of hemorrhage from malignant gestational trophoblastic tumor

<正>Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of superselective arterial embolization in controlling hemorrhage from malignant gestational trophoblastic tumor. Methods:From February 1990 to January 2008,44 patients with hemorrhage from malignant gestational trophoblastic tumor(including 29 cases of choriocarcinoma and 15 cases of invasive mole) were treated with superselective arterial embolization.The hemorrhage sites included uterus(40 cases),cervical metastasis(1 case) and vaginal metastasis (3 cases). Results:In 41 cases(93.2%),superselective arterial embolization successfully controlled the hemorrhage. Hysterectomy was performed in the 3 failed cases and uterine perforation was revealed by laparotomy.Five patients had normal term delivery after successful superselective arterial embolization and chemotherapy,and two patients are now in the healthy second trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion:Superselective arterial embolization can effectively control the hemorrhage from malignant gestational trophoblastic tumor.     

不规则性肝切除对严重肝外伤的诊治体会

目的探讨不规则性肝切除治疗严重肝外伤的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2003年03月～2009年03月期间在我院行不规则性肝切除术的49例严重肝外伤(Ⅳ、Ⅴ级)患者的临床资料。结果严重肝外伤(Ⅳ、Ⅴ级)49例,均实施不规则性肝切除,其中加行肝后下腔静脉损伤修补1例。治愈43例,死亡6例(12.2%),并发症15例(30.6%)。结论不规则性肝切除是治疗严重肝外伤的有效手段。     

A 10-year follow-up of extracranial–intracranial bypass for the treatment of bilateral giant internal carotid artery aneurysms in a patient with fibromuscular dysplasia: case report

Cervicocephalic fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is an idiopathic, non-inflammatory and non-atherosclerotic arteriopathy which usually affects small- and medium-sized cervical arteries distributed at the atlas and axis interspace. Few cervicocephalic FMD patients are associated with multiple intracranial aneurysms which may rupture or develop. So the authors describe a cervicocephalic FMD patient with a history of right oculomotor palsy in 2000. Angiography revealed bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms and a fusiform aneurysm in right vertebral artery. Typical “string-of-beads” phenomenon was observed in V2 segment of left vertebral artery. The right ICA giant aneurysm was treated by right ICA occlusion and superficial temporal artery (STA)-middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass at that time. Five years later, the patient presented with paroxysmal weakness in right limbs. The subsequent angiography showed the enlargement of left ICA aneurysm. It was treated satisfactorily with left external carotid artery-saphenous vein-MCA bypass and left ICA ligation. During the long-term follow-up, the patient kept no neurological deficit and the angiography showed good patency of bilateral grafts and the lesions in bilateral vertebral arteries remained unchanged.     

经尿道前列腺电切术与双极等离子电切术治疗良性前列腺增生的临床比较

目的比较经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)与经尿道前列腺双极等离子电切术(PKRP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的近期临床疗效、安全性。方法将146例确诊为BPH患者随机分为2组,每组各73例,分别采用PKRP和TURP,2组病例术前前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、剩余尿量(RUV)、最大尿流率(Qmax)比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),比较术前术后临床的各项指标及两种手术方法的效果。结果 2组患者手术时间、手术前后血红蛋白变化程度、术前术后血钠浓度差异均有显著性意义(P0.01);术后3、6个月随访,2组IPSS、QOL、RUV均较术前明显下降,Qmax均较术前明显增加,组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后膀胱冲洗时间、留置导尿时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。TURP组并发症发生率27.3%,PKRP组术后并发症发生率8.2%,并发症发生率差异有统计学意义。结论 PKRP与TURP比较,治疗BPH近期疗效相似,但PKRP安全性更高,并发症少。     

颈脊髓损伤后外科干预时机的选择

目的探讨颈脊髓损伤后外科干预的时机。方法将53例颈脊髓损伤,按伤后手术时间分24h内手术组(A组)、25～72h组(B组)、3～7d组(C组)、8～14d组(D组);按脊髓损伤严重程度分脊髓严重损伤组、脊髓损伤组,通过ASIA评分评定神经功能。结果各组术后ASIA评分均增高,A组最高,B组在术后1、3个月ASIA评分高于C组,但末次随访两组无差异。脊髓严重损伤组ASIA评分均明显低于脊髓损伤组。结论颈脊髓损伤患者入院后,应充分评估病情,对颈髓不完全损伤者宜3d内手术,24h内手术更好;如为脊髓严重损伤者,宜在7d左右手术。