二尖瓣置换术围手术期硝普钠的应用

本文介绍了20例二尖瓣置换术病人围手术期使用硝普钠的经验。术中和术后早期使用硝普钠可降低肾素-血管紧张素系统的活性、减轻外周血管阻力和后负荷,增强泵血功能,从而使心脏指数升高,降低术后高血压和肺水种的发生率。体外循环停止后,硝普钠与低浓度升压药并用可增强心肌收缩力,预防低排综合征     

Characteristics of different isolates of Schistosoma japonicum from China in the final hosts

The present paper deals with the susceptibility of common laboratory animals, such as mouse, rat, hamster, jird, rabbit and rhesus monkey, to infection with different isolates of Schistosoma japonicum in the mainland of China under laboratory conditions. With the exception of the rat, all the animals under study were permissive hosts for different isolates though their worm recovery rates varied. The mean body length of pair-worms of the Yunnan isolate was considerably smaller than that of the Anhui, Hubei, Guangxi and Sichuan isolates, and the percentage of male specimens with 7 testes in the Yunnan isolate was also significantly less than that in the other 4 isolates. Judging from the egg index (width/length x 100), the eggs of the Sichuan isolate were broad and short in shape, giving a high index; those of Guangxi and Hubei isolates were oblong, giving the lowest index; the other two isolates from Yunnan and Anhui, lay between these two extremes. The mean prepatent periods were longer in mice, hamsters and rhesus monkeys infected with Yunnan and Guangxi isolates, than those with Sichuan isolate. A dendrogram of the 5 isolates of S. japonicum was constructed on the basis of similarity coefficients by means of fuzzy cluster analysis on the biological characters mentioned above. Our results provide evidence of the existence of different strains of S. japonicum in the mainland of China as shown by comparative studies of their characteristics in the final hosts.     

城市一般人群艾滋病相关知识、态度及其影响因素调查

目的 了解城市一般人群对艾滋病知识的认识、态度情况。以确定城市一般人群艾滋病知识水平及其影响因素，为今后在一般人群中采取针对性的艾滋病知识宣传策略提供依据。方法 于2002年12月1日在广州市商业区采用街头随机拦截的方式，对一般人群采用匿名自填问卷的方法调查其艾滋病相关知识和态度。结果 本次调查共发放问卷200份，收回有效问卷147份。结果显示，艾滋病知识总知晓率为63．3％；传播途径知识总知晓率为59．2％；预防知识知晓率为46．9％；对艾滋病感染／患正确态度率为49．7％。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，艾滋病知识知晓率的影响因素为年龄、性别、化程度和婚姻状况。30～39岁年龄组(OR=0．101，95％CI：0．015～0．678)和40岁及以上年龄组(OR=0．060，95％CI：0．007～0．498)艾滋病知识总知晓率低于15～20岁年龄组；女性艾滋病知识知晓率(OR=0．230，95％CI：0．099～0．532)低于男性；化程度初中(OR=14．161。95％CI：2．195～91．364)、高中(OR=23．455，95％CI：4．568～120．434)、大专以上(OR=35．378,95％CI:6．001～208．571)艾滋病知识知晓率高于小学及以下组；已婚(OR=5．761，95％CI：1．589～20．893)高于未婚。结论 目前城市一般人群的艾滋病知识水平仍然很低，因此应进一步加强对一般人群的艾滋病知识的宣传，尤其是针对化程度低、未婚及女性人群开展艾滋病知识的宣传教育。     

全院PACS／HIS中影像科室工作流程的优化

在PACS实施中，合理构建影像科室工作流程是关键环节。取消预约、等片，在专业级显示器上进行读片和书写检查诊断报告，集中登记和打印检查诊断报告等工作流程在文中得到阐述。     

Electron microscopic evidence for the association of M 2 protein with the influenza virion

Summary Immunogold electron microscopy revealed that site-specific antibodies elicited by a synthetic peptide representing the N-terminal sequence (residues 2–10) of influenza virus M 2 protein were capable of binding to the surface of virions. Antibody binding was observed with two human influenza virus strains but not with an avian virus strain which has amino acid substitutions in the appropriate sequence of M 2. These results provide direct evidence for the presence of M 2 in the influenza virion.     

刺梨汁对慢性氟中毒的影响及机理研究

用高氟饲料喂养大鼠６个月，复制出慢性氟中毒模型，再自由饮用刺梨汁３个月，探讨刺梨汁对慢性氟中毒的影响及机理。结果表明：刺梨汁可明显改善氟中毒的一般状况，对已形成的氟斑牙影响不大，但可促进尿氟排泄，降低血清和骨氟含量及尿羟脯氦酸含量，提高血清中维生素Ｃ、维生素Ｅ和血清、肝、肾ＧＳＨ含量，增强血、肝、肾ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ和ＳＯＤ活性，降低血清、肝和肾ＬＰＯ含量，降低尿γ－ＧＴ和血清ＧＰＴ活性及肝ＴＧ含量，提示：刺梨汁具有明显桔抗慢性氟中毒作用，其机理可能是通过促进尿氟排泄和抗氧化作用。     

颈动脉切除术的临床研究

目的 探讨颈部恶性肿瘤侵犯颈总动脉和I或颈内动脉以及颌面部难控制大出血时对颈总动脉和颈内动脉的外科处理方法及其并发症、后遗症的预防。方法 回顾性分析1990年－2000年行颈总或I和颈内动脉结扎、切除术的6例临床资料。结果 本组均为男性，年龄17－66岁。其中颈部复发性转移癌浸润颈总动脉、颈内动脉3例，鼻咽癌放疗后颈部溃疡侵犯颈总动脉1例，上颌骨中央性血管瘤大出血1例，鼻咽纤维轿管瘤术中、术后大出血1例。单纯结扎、切除颈总动脉4例，颈总及颈内动脉同时结扎、切除2例。经随访，术后短暂性肢体偏瘫2例，脑梗塞、永久性偏瘫1例，无任何并发症3例。无手术死亡病例。结论 颈动脉切除术对已累及颈动脉的颈部恶性肿瘤是一种有效的治疗手段，对于颌面颈难以控制的致命性大出血是一种有效的急救措施。单纯切除颈总动脉所产生的术后并发症的发生率比颈总动脉和颈内动脉同时切除低；而已先期或同时切除颈外动脉，出现并发症的机会更大。术后酌用抗凝或溶栓药物对于脑血栓、脑梗塞的防治作用有待进一步研究。     

必须重视中药新药质量标准和制剂稳定性的研究

从审评工作的角度,提出我国要研制出在世界上有竞争力、安全有效的中药新药,必须重视中药新药质量标准和制剂稳定性的研究。同时,应加强新药审批办法的学习,以提高中药新药的申报水平。     

大鼠翼腭神经节SIF细胞的年龄变化

用醛诱发荧光法观察了不同年龄组大鼠翼腭神经节小强荧光（ＳＩＦ）细胞的数量，发现出生１天时ＳＩＦ细胞数量最少，１周内急剧增加，１－２周数量无明显，至４周数量继续增加，成年时数量最多，老年时比成年时无明显的数量变化，表明大鼠翼腭神经节ＳＩＦ细胞的数量随年龄增长而增加。