应用VTK技术建立唇腭裂可视化模型

目的:寻求一种高效率、高精度建立唇腭裂患者颌面部可视化模型的方法.方法:利用薄层CT获取原始数据,运用k-均值聚类算法进行图像分割,结合VTK(Visualization Toolkit)技术进行可视化模型的建立.结果:建立了更为精确的唇腭裂患者颌面部的可视化模型,总结出了一种更为方便高效的通用可视化建模方法.结论:应用VTK方法建立可视化模型,软件开发周期更短,精度更高,应用更广泛.     

应用前列腺素E1注射治疗勃起功能障碍8年经验

目的观察前列腺素E1(PGE1)注射治疗勃起功能障碍(ED)的长期疗效、副作用及预后。方法使用PGE1行阴茎海绵体注射,阴茎硬度检查仪(Rigiscan)连续记录1h,并根据观察结果,调查PGE1注射剂量,确定每例患者合适的注射量,掌握注射方法后回家自行注射。共筛选出ED患者410例,随访患者阴茎勃起情况、药量调整和副作用。结果410例ED患者中,心理性139例,静脉性83例,动脉性36例,神经性78例,混合性74例。对治疗满意的患者有256例(62.44%),其中21例(5.1%)在使用PGE15次后停用,并能达到满意的性生活而治愈。293例(71.46%)患者自述注射时有胀痛感。171例(43.17%)因疼痛(105例)、操作不便(25例)、副作用顾虑(37例)和其他原因(4例)而于6个月后放弃治疗。204例(49.76%)患者使用时间已超过1年,24例(5.85%)患者使用时间已超过5年,7例(1.7%)使用已有8年。未发现阴茎异常勃起和阴茎海绵体纤维化。注射损伤阴茎表面血管致瘀斑者有20例。有27例患者失访。结论PGE1是治疗ED的一种安全有效的药物,可以长期使用。其最常见的副作用是阴茎疼痛。Rigiscan能帮助确定PGE1的注射剂量。     

Feasibility of establishing cerebral ischemia models by using aerocyst-blocking bilateral ascending pharyngeal artery of piglets Imaging assessment

BACKGROUND: The cerebral ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion animal models are used to simulate the human cerebrovascular diseases is one of the popular topics of neurological science recently. To study the pathophysiology, pathogenesis, prophylaxis and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and to establish the ideal animal model that is the most similar to the human cerebral ischemia, are the topics that the people generally cared about. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of aerocyst-blocking bilateral ascending pharyngeal artery on the establishment of cerebral ischemia models by using digital subtraction angiography (DSA), magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI). DESIGN: Repetitive measure animal experiment. SETTING: Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University. MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Animal Laboratory (Provincial Laboratory), Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian Univeristy from January to May 2006. A total of 14 domestic piglets, of 6 months old, weighing 12–15 kg, of either gender, were selected from Animal Experimental Center, Dalian University. Multistar T.O.P digital subtraction angiography machine was provided by Siemens Company, German. METHODS: Aerocyst-blocking bilateral ascending pharyngeal artery was used to establish cerebral ischemia models. And then, Multistar T.O.P. DSA was used for imaging of cerebral vessels before blocking, during blocking and at 0.5 and 2 hours after ischemia perfusion. GE Signa 1.5 T supraconduction magnetic resonance imaging was used for DWI examination; in addition, PWI was used based on focal sites and areas. Otherwise, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to detect signal changes of T1WI and T2WI in ischemic areas. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Analytic results of DSA, DWI, PWI and MRI. RESULTS: All 14 experimental piglets were involved in the final analysis. ① DSA: The blood flow of bilateral ascending pharyngeal arteries and its branch were blocked at blocking phase, which restored 0.5 and 2 hours after reperfusion. ② DWI and PWI: There were no observable abnormalities in PWI and DWI at pre-blocking. Abnormal increased signals were found on both DWI and PWI at during and post-blocking. There were reduction in ADC and rCBF and delay in rTTP at all time points except pre-blocking. ③ MRI: There were no abnormal signals observable at any time of pre- and post-blocking in T1WI and T2WI. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to establish this kind of animal experimental models, and it can simulate the ischemic state; meanwhile, the existence and extent can be showed directly by DSA, DWI, and PWI.     

高频电铲在腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术中的临床应用

目的评价腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术中应用高频电铲的可行性和安全性。方法选取2005年3月至2007年5月间使用高频电铲成功进行腹腔镜保肛手术的直肠癌患者28例，分别对患者术中出血量、手术时间、术后盆腔引流量、肛门排气时间、疼痛程度以及手术并发症等指标进行观察和记录。结果手术时间（178．6±25．3）min、术中出血量（62．6±40．5）ml、术后盆腔引流量：术后1d（90．5±27．1）ml、术后3d（5．4±4．6）ml、肛门排气时间（33．0±5．4）h、疼痛程度（VAS）：术后1d（5．52±1．29）、术后3d（2．42±1．06）、吻合口瘘1例、切口感染1例。随访1～26月无肿瘤复发及肠梗阻患者。结论高频电铲是一种非常实用的工具，应用于腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术是安全可行的，并可以降低医疗费用。     

门控心肌显像结合GS Quant软件评价左室功能

目的:评价GS Quant软件结合99mTc-甲氧基异TN(MtBI)门控心肌断层显像(G-SPECT)测定左室射血分数(LVEF)的价值。方法:选择24例于同期2周内完成G-SPECT、门控心血池显像(RNA)和超声心动图检查(UCG)的患者,比较3种方法所测定的LVEF值。结果:99mTc-MIBI G-SPECT所测得的LVEF值与RNA和UCG法所测得的LVEF值均有较好的相关性,相关系数r分别为0.81(P<0.05)和0.76(P<0.05)。结论:99mTc-MIBI G-SPECT所测定的LVEF值有很好的准确性和可重复性,具有较高的临床应用价值,可进一步推广应用门控核素心肌断层显像这一技术。     

初次献血对红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性的影响

目的探讨初次献血对红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性的影响.方法应用比色法分别检测50例符合献血条件的健康初次献血者献血前后的红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性,并对结果进行分析.结果初次献血者献血前后红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性分别为3.121±0.441和2.907±0.397 μmol.Pi/107 RBC.h,两者比较无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论初次献血对红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性无影响,献血不会造成红细胞功能损伤.     

侵及颅内主要静脉系统脑膜瘤的手术治疗

目的提高侵及颅内主要静脉系统脑膜瘤手术的全切率,总结利用显微外科技术切除肿瘤和处理颅内静脉系统的经验和技巧。方法我院1991年7月至2001年7月,手术治疗300例侵及颅内主要静脉系统的脑膜瘤,包括(1)矢状窦旁脑膜瘤;(2)大脑镰旁脑膜瘤;(3)小脑幕脑膜瘤;(4)横窦和窦汇区脑膜瘤;(5)镰幕脑膜瘤;(6)海绵窦脑膜瘤;(7)乙状窦脑膜瘤;(8)颈静脉孔区脑膜瘤。视肿瘤部位采用相应的手术入路,根据静脉系统受侵及的程度做不同的处理。结果按脑膜瘤切除的Simpson's分级,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ级为全切除,全切率为86.7%,死亡率为1.7%。结论当脑膜瘤侵及不同的硬脑膜静脉窦或重要的颅内静脉时,手术处理方法不同。采用显微神经外科技术可提高脑膜瘤的全切率,并降低死亡率。     

荧光示踪法研究逆行岛状皮瓣静脉回流

目的探讨采用荧光示踪法研究逆行岛状皮瓣静脉回流的可行性，并初步观察静脉回流规律。方法20只新西兰大白兔，每只取耳静脉血0．ImL，分离RBC并用FITC标记。流式细胞仪检测已标记的RBC阳性率及荧光强度，倒置荧光显微镜观察其形态。取20只新西兰大白兔，在动物双侧后肢内侧分别建立4cm&#215;3cm隐动、静脉逆行岛状皮瓣模型（n=10）和顺行岛状皮瓣模型（n=10），血管蒂长3cm。将一侧后肢随机设定为实验组，皮瓣制备后注射已标记的RBC悬液5pL；对侧为对照组，不注射示踪剂。实验组按顺行和逆行皮瓣分成两组，即顺行皮瓣组和逆行皮瓣组，每组10个；再根据注入示踪剂途径不同，分为动脉和静脉2个亚组，每亚组5个皮瓣。注射示踪剂5S后取下皮瓣立即冷冻，取连续的3张冰冻切片（5～7pm），其中2张行HE染色和GENMED染色，另]张不染色直接压片，荧光显微镜观察荧光分布。结果流式细胞仪分析FITC标记的RBC阳性率在99％以上，荧光强度均≥10。；倒置荧光显微镜下标记的RBC呈均匀分布的绿色荧光，荧光强度均匀、稳定。冰冻切片显示实验组皮瓣蒂部均出现荧光，对照组未见荧光。顺行岛状皮瓣组荧光主要分布在静脉腔、静脉壁、动脉内膜和外膜；逆行岛状皮瓣组荧光分布在动脉内膜、外膜和静脉壁。结论荧光示踪剂可用于静脉回流研究，顺行岛状皮瓣静脉主要通过静脉腔、静脉壁、动脉内膜和外膜回流；逆行岛状皮瓣静脉主要通过动脉内膜、外膜和静脉壁的“迷宫式途径”回流。     

Interleukin 17-Producing γδT Cells Increased in Patients with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Although it has been known that y8 T cells may play an important role in the immune response to infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the mechanisms by which the T8 T cells participate in the innate and/or acquired immunity to tuberculosis (TB) have not been full elucidated. In the present study, 27 patients with active pulmonary TB and 16 healthy donors (HD) were performed. We found that proportion of IL-17-producing cells among lymphocyte was similar between TB patients and HD, whereas the proportions of γδ T cells in IL-17- producing cells (59.2%) and IL-17-producing cells in γδ T cells (19.4%) in peripheral blood were markedly increased in TB patients when compared to those in HD (43.9% and 7.7%, respectively). In addition, the proportions of IFN-γ-producing γδ T cells in TB patients were obviously lower than that in HD. Upon re-stimulated with M. tb heat-treated antigen (M. tb-HAg) in vitro, fewer IL-17-producing γδ T cells were generated from HD and TB patients, whereas IFN-γ-producing γδ T cells were increased in TB patients compared to that in HD. Our findings in TB patients and healthy human were consistent with other murine investigation that the IL-17- producing γδ T cells were main source of IL-17 in mouse model of BCG infection, suggesting that γδ T cells might be involved in the formation of tubercular granuloma in pulmonary TB patients, but need further identification. Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2008;5(3):203-208.