The epidemiology and surveillance of blood lead in Taiwan (R.O.C.): A report on the PRESS-BLL project

 To monitor the lead hazards in industries and to investigate the prevalence of elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in lead-exposed workers, a lead surveillance system (PRESS-BLLs) has been established and operated in Taiwan, Republic of China, since July 1993. A cohort of lead-exposed workers who received a periodic annual health examination at 55 accredited hospital laboratories was constructed. A total of 9807 separate BLL measurements were reported to the system in 1994. The mean BLL was 15.8 μg/dl in male workers and 11.6 μg/dl in female workers. The mean BLL of lead-exposed workers was significantly (P<0.05, z-test) higher than that of the general Taiwanese population (8.6 μg/dl for males and 6.7 μg/dl for females). In addition, the BLLs of 983 (10.0%) workers exceeded the regulatory action level (40 μg/dl for males; 30 μg/dl for females). The workplaces and homes of 57% of the workers with elevated BLLs were thoroughly investigated to determine the sources of lead contamination. These actions identified the causes of elevated BLLs and set up strategies to reduce workers’ lead exposure. The establishment of this occupational lead surveillance system represents a method for monitoring of lead hazards from occupational and environmental settings to prevent lead poisoning. The information acquired from the system can help in the setting up of a priority of prevention and the development of control measures. It is also useful for further monitoring of changes in the BLLs of the lead-exposed-worker cohort. The Health Department of Taiwan can use this information to evaluate the effectiveness of current industrial hygiene practice. Subjects with elevated BLLs have been medically treated and placed on long-term follow-up for sequelae. Received: 2 September 1996/Accepted: 29 November 1996     

血管内氧合器的研制

为了探索呼吸辅助的新方法，我们采用国产聚丙烯中空纤维，自行设计、制造模具，研制出一种血管内氧合器。该氧合器是一个小的、细长的可经单侧股静脉或颈静脉切开，置入腔静脉内的装置。氧合器有效长度４０ｃｍ，膜交换面积０．０９ｍ＾２。经负压调节通过血管内氧合器的氧流量，以防止纤维破裂造成的血管内气栓的危险。一根双腔导气管使气体经同一静脉切开部位循环，气体经内芯管流经血管内氧合器尖端，然后经中空纤维束流出。目前     

急性肾功能衰竭的治疗进展

目的：探讨急性肾功能衰竭的治疗。方法：复习有关急性肾功能衰竭的治疗文献，作一总结。结果：使用人工合成三肽序列（RGD）的多肽、生长因子、心房利钠因子和人工肾小管治疗急性肾功能衰竭都取得了较好的疗效。结论：这些新的治疗可望改善急性肾衰的预后和降低死亡率。     

无张力疝修补术后顽固性疼痛原因和对策

目的 探讨无张力疝修补术后的顽固性疼痛病因及预防治疗。方法 将同期无张力疝修补术与传统的腹股沟疝修补方法进行比较。结果 无张力疝修补术后的顽固性疼痛率为9．02％(12／133)，传统的腹股沟疝修补方法疼痛率为8．61％(18／209)。无张力疝修补与传统的腹股沟疝修补相比，术后顽固性疼痛的发生率差异无显著性(P＞0．05)。结论 无张力疝修补并不一定减少传统的腹股沟疝修补术后顽固性疼痛，手术规范操作是预防的关键，治疗应先保守治疗，无效再考虑手术治疗。     

中国人血管抑素基因的克隆及其序列分析

目的：克隆中国人血管抑素(angiostatin，ANG)基因全长并进行序列分析。方法：应用RT-PCR，将5例健康人肝脏组织ANG基因克隆到pSP71载体上，用Sanger法进行基因测序分析。结果：通过RT-PCR获得一个1141bp的扩增产物，测序发现与已报道的ANG比较，国人ANG上有3个碱基突变位点：分别为第825位C→T；第927位T→G和第1078位G→A。前两个碱基突变氨基酸未发生变化，第3个碱基突变结果使缬氨酸(Val342)改变成为蛋氨酸(Met342)。结论：克隆得到中国人ANG基因片段，其碱基和氨基酸的变化可能是人群中该基因的遗传多态现象。     

A combined approach for purging multidrug-resistant leukemic cell lines in bone marrow using a monoclonal antibody and chemotherapy.

Selective removal of malignant cells (purging) from bone marrow (BM) is a concern in autologous BM transplantation (ABMT). Use of vincristine, etoposide, or doxorubicin for purging could be rendered ineffective by the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tumor cells. To circumvent this particular problem, we investigated whether 17F9, a monoclonal IgG2b antibody directed against the cell surface product of the MDR gene, P-glycoprotein, is effective in selective removal of MDR cells from BM when used with rabbit complement (C'). Using two different cell lines we have demonstrated that 17F9 + C' selectively lyses MDR-positive cells. Three rounds of antibody + C' resulted in 96.4% +/- 3.6% kill of K562/DOX and 100% +/- 0% of CEM/VLB cells. Mixtures of malignant cells and normal BM resulted in 99.85% removal of K562/DOX and 99.91% removal of CEM/VLB clonogenic cells. This treatment did not affect normal committed precursors compared with C' alone. The addition of the cytotoxic agent etoposide (VP-16) following antibody purging results in a 4.6 log reduction of malignant cells. Furthermore, this antibody was effective when used against patients' leukemic blasts. These results suggest the use of 17F9 + C' is effective and selective for removal of MDR cells from BM before ABMT and the addition of VP-16 enhances the purging efficacy.     

吗啡抑制大鼠多觉型伤害性感受器持续放电

作利用复合致痛剂引起大鼠尾部皮肤多觉型伤害性感受器（ＰＭＮ）持续性放电模型，经股静脉注入吗啡（４ｍｇ／ｋｇ），显抑制ＰＭＮ持续性放电。吗啡抑制ＰＭＮ放电５０％的潜伏期为１０±４．５ｍｉｎ，抑制时程超过３０ｍｉｎ。纳络酮１ｍｇ／ｍｇ ｉｖ，可翻转吗啡的抑制作用。在慢性吗啡耐受大鼠，吗啡几乎失去其抑制作用。吗啡引起的ＰＭＮ放电数变化不呈一致关系。小剂量吗啡（１ｍｇ／ｋｇ）注入支配感受野皮肢的尾动脉     

从北京入境的中国籍旅行者死亡案例分析

目的 国际旅行者的健康和在旅行目的 地死亡原因应予以极大关注.通过对中国籍旅行者死亡原因的分析、致死危险性因素的评估,以便有针对性地对国际旅行者提供卫生保健咨询.方法 本文分析了1998年到2002年期间经北京口岸入境的在国外死亡的中国籍旅行者.对每例死亡的地理分布、死亡原因等进行统计.结果 1998年到2002年期间经北京口岸入境的在国外死亡的中国籍旅行者共64例.死亡发生在利比亚、阿拉伯联合酋长国、巴基斯坦、新加坡和巴林等36个国家和地区.心血管疾病、交通事故、工伤致死及意外伤害为主要的死亡原因.结论 根据旅行目的地国家不同、旅行目的 不同,针对心血管疾病、工伤、意外伤害及传染病等危险性提供旅行卫生保健咨询.     

早泄病人慢性前列腺炎的发生率调查

目的 :调查早泄男性中慢性前列腺炎的发生率。　方法 :对 10 6例早泄病人和 38例正常人前列腺按摩前后尿液标本及前列腺按摩液 (EPS)进行显微镜和 /或细菌学检查 ,并评估 12 0例慢性前列腺炎病人中早泄的发生率。　结果 :在早泄病人中发现 49例 (46 .2 %)有慢性前列腺炎 ,其中 34 .7%存在慢性细菌性前列腺炎 ,与对照组相比均有统计学差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。 12 0例慢性前列腺炎病人中 5 7例 (47.5 %)存在不同程度的早泄。　结论 :本研究结果提示慢性前列腺炎症在某些早泄病人的发病机制中可能具有一定作用 ,在针对早泄治疗前进行前列腺仔细检查具有重要意义。     

优良资源植物——三颗针的质量考查研究之二

对四种同季不同产地采集的“三颗针”不同部位的四种生物碱进行了含量测定和分析,为该类药材的质量研究、生药采收、药厂选投料及开发应用等提供了科学依据。同时对该类资源的可持续利用也具有积极意义。