Epstein-Barr virus BMRF-2 and BDLF-3 expression in hairy leukoplakia

Hairy leukoplakia (HL) is a lesion found on the side of the tongue of immunocompromised individuals, including those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The lesion has unique histopathologic features and is characterised by high-level Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replication, multiple EBV strains, and extensive inter-and intra-strain recombination. Expression of EBV genes spanning the entire viral life cycle from latency-associated genes to late, replicative genes has been detected in the lesion. HL thus provides a unique opportunity to study EBV expression in oral epithelium, and to study expression of novel EBV genes. We therefore constructed a cDNA library from an HL biopsy and detected expression of two genes not previously described in vivo: BMRF-2 and BDLF-3. Sequence analysis of the cDNAs revealed few amino acid changes from the B95-8 sequence. Expression of both genes was localized to the lower prickle cell layer of the tongue epithelium. BMRF-2 protein expression was primarily detected in the cell nuclei of the upper prickle cell layer. BDLF-3 protein expression was observed in the perinuclear space and Golgi compartment. The function of these proteins is currently under investigation.     

Milia en plaque

Summary A 59-year-old woman presented with milia grouped in plaques, in the preauricular areas, bilaterally. Follicle-damaging dermatoses, tumours and external agents, can lead to this peculiar clinical pattern. We outline the clinical and histological features which allow accurate diagnosis of this condition.     

蒙成药嘎日迪-5味丸方源考证及其现代研究进展

目的：对蒙药嘎日迪-5味丸的方源考证及其现代研究进展进行综述,为该复方的进一步开发与利用提供依据。方法:采用蒙医文献研究与考证、文献综述方法,从基源、方解、临床应用以及化学成分等方面对蒙药嘎日迪-5味丸研究现状进行总结和分析。结果:蒙药嘎日迪-5最早收载于藏医学家宇妥·云丹贡布于公元8世纪下旬撰写的藏医经典著作《四部医典》,属于蒙药、藏药传统验方,由诃子、麝香、草乌（制）、石菖蒲、木香配伍组成,其他处方都是在使用的过程中,根据临床应用演变而来,具有杀黏、止痛、消肿、燥协日乌素功效。蒙医临床用于治疗黏引起的瘟疫热症、黏虫病、黏性刺痛、维生素C缺乏病、风湿、白喉炭疽、瘰疬疮疡、正偏头痛、疥癣等疾病,疗效显著。结论:蒙药嘎日迪-5方出自《四部医典》,属传统验方,对瘟疫热症、黏虫病、黏性刺痛等黏性疾病疗效显著,具有潜在的开发利用价值。     

双清平化方对代谢综合征大鼠骨骼肌自噬通路蛋白表达的影响

目的 观察双清平化方对代谢综合征大鼠Lee''s指数、血糖、血脂及骨骼肌哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)、自噬效应蛋白1(Beclin1)、微管相关蛋白1轻链3(microtubule-associated protein1 light chain 3,LC3)蛋白表达的影响,探讨其改善糖脂代谢的作用机制。方法 大鼠给予高脂饲料加10%果糖水溶液喂养,并联合应用N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester,L-NAME)及链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱导代谢综合征模型。代谢综合征大鼠给予双清平化方或二甲双胍干预8周,实验前后定期测量大鼠体质量、体长、腹围、血压、糖耐量、糖化血红蛋白(glycated hemoglobin,GHb)、胰岛素(insulin,INS)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C),计算葡萄糖曲线下面积(OGTT-AUC)和胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);采用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察骨骼肌组织病理形态学变化;采用Masson染色观察骨骼肌纤维形态变化;采用免疫组化法检测骨骼肌组织中LC3蛋白表达;采用Western blotting检测骨骼肌组织中mTOR、Beclin1和LC3蛋白表达。结果 与对照组比较,模型组大鼠空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h postprandial glucose,PG2h)、OGTT-AUC、HOMA-IR、INS、GHb、TC、TG及LDL-C水平均显著升高(P<0.01),HDL-C水平显著降低(P<0.01);骨骼肌组织中mTOR蛋白表达显著上调(P<0.01),Beclin1、LC3蛋白表达显著下调(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,双清平化方组FBG、PG2h、OGTT-AUC、HOMA-IR、INS、GHb、TC、TG及LDL-C水平均显著降低(P<0.05、0.01),HDL-C水平显著升高(P<0.01);骨骼肌组织中mTOR蛋白表达水平显著上调(P<0.01),Beclin1和LC3蛋白表达显著下调(P<0.01)。结论 双清平化方可以改善代谢综合征大鼠胰岛素抵抗,改善糖脂代谢水平,抑制骨骼肌病理变化,其作用机制可能与调节骨骼肌自噬,激活骨骼肌组织自噬通路中mTOR、Beclin1、LC3蛋白表达有关。     

Long-Term Outcomes of CRT-PM Versus CRT-D Recipients

Objective: To compare the rates of all-cause mortality in recipients of cardiac resynchronization therapy devices without (CRT-PM) versus with defibrillator (CRT-D).
Methods: Between February 1999 and July 2004, 233 patients (mean age = 69 ± 8 years, 180 men) underwent implantation of CRT-PM or CRT-D devices. New York Heart Association (NYHA) heart failure functional class II was present in 11%, class III in 69%, and class IV in 20% of patients; mean left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) was 26.5 ± 6.5 %, 48% presented with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and 49% with ischemic heart disease. Cox multiple variable regression analysis was performed in search of predictors of death.
Results: The clinical characteristics of the 117 CRT-PM and 116 CRT-D recipients were similar, except for LVEF (28.2 ± 6.2% vs 25.0 ± 6.5%, respectively; P < 0.001), and ischemic versus nonischemic etiology of heart failure (41% vs 56%, respectively P = 0.02). Over a mean follow-up of 58 ± 15 months, no significance difference in overall mortality rate was observed between the two study groups. Male sex, NYHA functional class IV, and atrial fibrillation at implant were significant predictors of death.
Conclusions: There was no difference in long-term survival rate among patients with CRT-D versus CRT-PM, although CRT-D more effectively lowered the sudden death rate. Male sex, NYHA functional class IV, and atrial fibrillation predicted the worst prognosis.     

过硫酸铵消化-砷铈催化分光光度法结合控温油浴测定尿碘的结果观察

目的观察尿样经控温油浴消化后尿碘结果的精确度和准确度。方法控温油浴代替电热消解仪消解尿样,采用"尿中碘的砷铈催化分光光度测定方法"(WS/T107-2006)测定尿碘。结果标准曲线线性范围为0～300μg/L,相关系数平均为-0.9998。精确度:测定尿碘为(67.6±10)、(110.5±10)、(223.4±10)μg/L的3份尿样,变异系数分别为3.1%、2.3%、4.7%(n=6)。准确度:测定碘含量为(78.4±9)、(150.5±10)μg/L的2份尿碘国家标准物质,相对标准偏差分别为4.8%和2.8%(n=6)。结论控温油浴可以取代电热消解仪消解尿样进行尿碘测定,具有控温精准,制作容易的优点。