Effect of low doses of cannabidiolic acid and ondansetron on LiCl-induced conditioned gaping (a model of nausea-induced behaviour) in rats

Background and Purpose

To determine the minimally effective dose of cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) that effectively reduces lithium chloride (LiCl)-induced conditioned gaping reactions (nausea-induced behaviour) in rats and to determine if these low systemic doses of CBDA (5–0.1 μg·kg⁻¹) relative to those of CBD could potentiate the anti-nausea effects of the classic 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT₃) receptor antagonist, ondansetron (OND).

Experimental Approach

We investigated the efficacy of low doses of CBDA to suppress acute nausea, assessed by the establishment of conditioned gaping to a LiCl-paired flavour in rats. The potential of threshold and subthreshold doses of CBDA to enhance the reduction of nausea-induced conditioned gaping by OND were then determined.

Key Results

CBDA (at doses as low as 0.5 μg·kg⁻¹) suppressed nausea-induced conditioned gaping to a flavour. A low dose of OND (1.0 μg·kg⁻¹) alone reduced nausea-induced conditioned gaping, but when it was combined with a subthreshold dose of CBDA (0.1 μg·kg⁻¹) there was an enhancement in the suppression of LiCl-induced conditioned gaping.

Conclusions and Implications

CBDA potently reduced conditioned gaping in rats, even at low doses and enhanced the anti-nausea effect of a low dose of OND. These findings suggest that combining low doses of CBDA and OND will more effectively treat acute nausea in chemotherapy patients.     

中药防治2型糖尿病的临床用药分析

目的:探讨中医药防治2型糖尿病的用药特点及组方规律。方法:在CNKI、VIP数据库检索中医药防治2型糖尿病的文献,建立中药及方剂文献数据库,采用频次研究的方法对用药特点及组方规律进行分析。结果:①出现频率最高的单味药是黄芪、山药、丹参、生地黄,药类以补虚药、清热药、活血化瘀药出现频次最高。②防治2型糖尿病方剂应用频次最高的为六味地黄汤,其次为左归丸和消渴方。结论:中医药防治2型糖尿病用药规律研究,为临床选择防治2型糖尿病最佳药物及组方提供了依据。     

有剖宫产史孕妇再次妊娠分娩方式的探讨

目的：探讨剖宫产术后再次妊娠分娩的最佳方式。方法：回顾分析上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院2004年1月—2012年9月剖宫产术后再次妊娠的286例孕妇的分娩方式,其中剖宫产234例,阴道试产52例,并随机抽取同期首次行剖宫产术300例孕妇为对照组。结果：286例孕妇中258例（90.2%）再次行剖宫产术,28例阴道分娩,试产成功率53.9%。阴道分娩组无大出血发生,再次剖宫产组发生10例（3.88%）,对照组发生2例（0.67%）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。再次剖宫产组术中出血量（325.4±12.5）mL,高于对照组（225.6±26.8）mL及阴道分娩组（148.4±15.7）mL,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。再次剖宫产组平均手术时间（59.2±20.5）min,高于对照组（30.9±14.6）min;腹腔粘连146例（56.59%）,高于对照组0例,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05和0.01）。再次剖宫产组住院时间（7.2±0.9）d,与对照组（6.8±1.2）d和阴道分娩组（3.5±1.8）d比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：瘢痕子宫再次妊娠不是剖宫产的绝对指征。有剖宫产史孕妇再次妊娠后,若无剖宫产指征,应增加阴道试产机会;而提高剖宫产手术水平,是降低剖宫产史孕妇再次剖宫产并发症的关键。     

腰麻-硬膜外自控镇痛联合应用维生素B6-叶酸合剂在分娩镇痛的效果观察

目的 探讨产程潜伏期加用维生素B6-叶酸合剂对腰麻-硬膜外自控镇痛分娩效果及母婴的影响.方法 将112例单胎、足月初产妇分为对照组和观察组两组.两组均采用腰麻-硬膜外自控镇痛分娩,观察组加用维生素B6-叶酸合剂,对比两组镇痛效果、镇痛起效时间、芬太尼使用量、新生儿Apgar评分等.结果 观察组镇痛起效时间及芬太尼用量均少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 潜伏期给予维生素B6-叶酸合剂可能有助于缩短腰麻起效时间并减少芬太尼麻醉药品的剂量.