2011—2013年北京市朝阳区公共场所集中空调嗜肺军团菌污染状况

目的了解北京市朝阳区公共场所内集中空调嗜肺军团菌污染状况。方法 2011—2013年采集该区集中空调冷却水和冷凝水进行嗜肺军团菌检测。结果 2011—2013年冷却水合格率呈现上升趋势,但低于冷凝水;嗜肺军团菌以LP-1型为主,占88.2%;不同类型公共场所冷却水检测结果显示,写字楼冷却水合格率高于宾馆和商场超市。结论北京市朝阳区集中空调装置存在一定程度的嗜肺军团菌污染,应加强集中空调的监管力度,做好清洗和消毒工作,以降低人群感染嗜肺军团菌病的风险,预防军团菌病的暴发流行。     

外出务工妇女与户籍妇女孕前保健知识知晓及服务获得情况比较分析

目的:调查外出务工育龄妇女对出生缺陷预防和孕前优生健康检查的知晓和服务获得状况,为建立适宜高效的一级预防干预模式提供技术支持和依据。方法:对2013年3~8月在广东部分地区计划生育技术服务机构接受孕前优生健康检查服务的育龄妇女进行出生缺陷预防知识和孕前优生健康检查服务相关问卷调查。结果:调查对象外出务工组378名,户籍地常住组401名。779名对象年龄25.19±3.34岁。两组对象年龄、受教育程度和职业构成均无统计学差异(P均0.05)。调查对象对于出生缺陷的原因和预防措施及孕前优生服务项目等了解不全面。户籍地常住组对象对于如何获取这些免费服务的认知程度以及对孕前优生健康检查中地中海贫血筛查的意义知晓度明显高于外出务工组(P均0.05)。户籍地常住组对象出生缺陷预防知识得分高于外出务工组,且得分与对象受教育程度明显相关。结论:加强流动人口流入地出生缺陷相关知识科普宣传和孕前保健服务的提供,有利于提高目标人群出生缺陷一级预防效果。     

Elevated ambient temperature retards the atrophic response of the neuroendocrine-reproductive axis of male Syrian hamsters to either daily afternoon melatonin injections or to short photoperiod exposure

Adult male Syrian (golden) hamsters, maintained under either 22 +/- 2 or 32 +/- 2 degrees C, were treated with 8 or 11 weeks of exposure to either long photoperiod (14:10), short photoperiod (8:16), or to long photoperiod with a daily afternoon melatonin injection. By 8 weeks, the animals kept at 22 degrees C and treated with daily afternoon melatonin injection exhibited a dramatic reduction in testicular and accessory sex organ weight, but the animals kept at 32 degrees C and treated in the same way exhibited only slight decreases in testicular and accessory organ weights. Short photoperiod caused a slight decrease in testicular and accessory organ weights of hamster kept at 22 degrees C, while it had no significant effects on reproductive organ weights of the animals maintained under 32 degrees C. By 11 weeks, the daily afternoon melatonin injection elicited further reduction in testicular and accessory organ weights of the animals maintained under both 22 and 32 degrees C. However, the reduction in animals kept at 32 degrees C was not as great as that in animals kept at 22 degrees C. Although short photoperiod caused an obvious decline in reproductive organ weights of the animals at 22 degrees C, only a slight decrease was seen in hamsters at 32 degrees C. As with reproductive organ weights, testosterone levels were depressed more rapidly and completely in animals maintained at 22 degrees C. These results indicate that elevated ambient temperature changes the rate at which the gonads of hamsters regress in response to daily afternoon melatonin injections or short photoperiod.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

激素敏感脂酶基因高度表达对泡沫细胞形成的作用

中国仓鼠卵细胞在给予β－ＶＬＤＬ后，细胞内蓄积胆固醇酯，形成泡沫样细胞。以腺病毒基因转移方法书激素敏感脂酶基因转染到中国仓鼠卵细胞中，得到了来自激素敏感脂酶的胆固醇酯水解活性高度表达，此时，β－ＶＬＤＬ导致的胆固醇酯蓄积作用被阻断，提示增加胆固醇酯水解可以防止泡沫细胞形成。     

NT-proBNP对STEMI患者急诊PCI术后临床结果的预测价值

目的探讨N-末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)对ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠脉介入(PCI)术后临床结果的预测价值。方法选取2018年10月~2019年3月在某院行急诊PCI术的40例STEMI患者进行研究,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测患者NT-proBNP水平,同时采用超声心动图检测患者左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)、左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI),随访6个月,根据患者是否出现心血管事件分为甲组(n=30,未出现心血管事件)与乙组(n=10,出现心血管事件),对两组一般资料以及入院时、术后1周、1个月、3个月和6个月的NT-proBNP水平、LVEF、LVESVI、LVEDVI进行统计比较。结果两组性别、年龄、高血压数据比较差异不显著(P>0.05);甲组前壁心肌梗死、糖尿病发病率及入院时NT-proBNP水平均低于乙组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1个月和3个月,甲组NT-proBNP水平、LVESVI均低于乙组,LVEF高于乙组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在LVEDVI方面,两组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论STEMI患者急诊PCI术后NT-proBNP水平显著降低,且对心血管事件发生有着一定的预测价值。     

哈萨克族成人指骨长度的X线测量及其与身高的性别判别

目的 探讨新疆哈萨克族成人指骨长度与身高的依存关系。方法 随机选择健康哈萨克族成人200人（男100人,女100人）,进行双手后前位X线拍片,分别测量各节指骨长度和对应的身高。计算各节指骨长度的均值、标准差和标准误,并且从各节指骨长度推断身高的性别判别方程。结果 男性和女性各节指骨长度之间的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。经相关分析建立了哈萨克族成人指骨长度推断身高的4个性别判别方程（Y₁＝0.780ZM₁＋3.146YM₂＋1.594YS₁＋0.618ZS₃＋0.045YX₁＋1.891ZX₁＋2.548ZX₃-135.324, Y₂＝0.3450ZM₁＋2.328YM₂＋1.814YS₁＋1.355ZS₃＋0.714YX₁＋1.461ZX₁＋1.580ZX₃-118.678, Y₃＝3.540SG＋0.859YM₂-1.882ZS₂＋0.640YZ₁-5.598YZ₂＋5.794ZZ₂＋0.807YZ₃＋0.695ZX₁-391.229, Y₄＝3.284SG＋0.313YM₂-1.595ZS₂＋1.113YZ₁-3.869YZ₂＋4.959ZZ₂＋5.244YZ₃＋0.353ZX₁-340.001）。 结论 所得性别判别式对法医学性别判别应用价值较大,为体质人类学和法医学提供了有关新疆哈萨克族人的解剖学资料。     

24-hour pattern of circulating prolactin and growth hormone levels and submaxillary lymph node immune responses in growing male rats subjected to social isolation

To assess the effect of social isolation of growing rats on 24-h rhythmicity of circulating prolactin and growth hormone (GH) levels and submaxillary lymph node immune responses, male Wistar rats were either individually caged or kept in groups (4–5 animals per cage) for 30 d starting on d 35 of life. Plasma prolactin and GH levels, and submaxillary lymph node lymphocyte subset populations, interferon (IFN)-γ release and mitogenic responses to concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were determined at six time intervals during the 24 h span. Social isolation brought about changes in mean values and 24-h pattern of plasma prolactin and GH levels and lymph node immune responses. After isolation, prolactin and GH mean values decreased, and lymph node T, B, non T-non B, CD8⁺, and CD4⁺-CD8⁺ cells augmented, whereas lymph node CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio, IFN-γ release and mitogenic responses decreased. Social isolation resulted in disruption of 24 h rhythmicity of every immune parameter tested. CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio, IFN-γ release and Concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) responses correlated significantly with plasma prolactin or GH levels while T/B ratio correlated with plasma prolactin levels only. B, non T-non B, and CD4⁺-CD8⁺ cells correlated negatively with plasma prolactin. Modifications in mean value and 24-h rhythmicity of plasma prolactin and GH levels are presumably involved in the effect of social isolation on immune responsiveness.     

Platelets inhibit the induction of nitric oxide synthesis by interleukin-1 beta in vascular smooth muscle cells

We have investigated the role of platelets in regulating the hemostatic and vasomotor properties of vascular smooth muscle. Experiments were performed to examine the effect of the releasate from activated platelets on the production of nitric oxide from interleukin-1 beta (IL- 1 beta)-treated cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Treatment of vascular smooth muscle cells with IL-1 beta resulted in significant accumulation of nitrite in the culture media and in marked elevation of intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) levels. The releasate from collagen-aggregated platelets blocked the IL-1 beta- mediated production of nitrite and the accumulation of cyclic GMP in smooth muscle cells in a platelet number-dependent manner. In functional assays, the perfusates from columns containing IL-1 beta- treated smooth muscle cells relaxed detector blood vessels without endothelium and the addition of IL-1 beta-treated smooth muscle cells to suspensions of platelets inhibited their thrombin-induced aggregation. The simultaneous treatment of smooth muscle cells with IL- 1 beta and the platelet releasate abolished both the vasorelaxing activities of the perfusates and the inhibition of platelet aggregation. Platelet releasates treated with a neutralizing antibody to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) failed to block IL-1 beta- induced nitric oxide production by the smooth muscle cells, as measured by both biochemical and functional assays. The platelet releasate from a patient with gray platelet syndrome likewise failed to block IL-1 beta-induced nitrite release by smooth muscle cells. These results demonstrate that platelets downregulate the production of nitric oxide by IL-1 beta-treated vascular smooth muscle cells through the release of PDGF. This effect may represent a novel mechanism by which platelets regulate vasomotor tone and thrombus formation at sites of vascular injury.     

Changes in serotonin levels, N-acetyltransferase activity, hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity, and melatonin levels in the pineal gland of the Richardson's ground squirrel in relation to the light-dark cycle

Pineal serotonin and melatonin levels and the activities of hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) and N-acetyltransferase (NAT) were studied over a 24-hour period in the pineal gland of the diurnally active Richardson's ground squirrel (Spermophilus richardsonii). Under alternating light-dark conditions (light:dark hours 14:10), pineal serotonin and melatonin levels exhibited a rhythm with high values occurring either during the day (serotonin) or during the night (melatonin). NAT activity was also markedly increased during darkness. HIOMT activity exhibited no 24-hour variation. Exposure of squirrels to constant light for 7 days exaggerated the serotonin rhythm, but obliterated the cycles of NAT and melatonin. Under constant darkness (for 7 days), the rhythms in serotonin, melatonin and NAT persisted, each having a period of about 24 h. In the second study, ground squirrels were exposed to light-dark cycles of either 8:16, 10:14 or 14:10. Under each of these photoperiodic environments, rhythms in pineal NAT and melatonin were apparent. Increasing the daily dark period from 10 to 14 h caused a prolongation of the elevated NAT and melatonin levels. However, a further prolongation of the daily dark period (to 16 h) did not further increase the duration of the rise in NAT and melatonin. The results show that continual light exposure (irradiance of 200 microW/cm2) for 7 days suppresses the pineal rhythms in both NAT activity and melatonin level in the Richardson's ground squirrel. Conversely, light exposure, rather than depressing the serotonin rhythm, actually exaggerates it. Constant darkness for 7 days has little influence on the 24-hour rhythms of either NAT or melatonin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)