重症监护病房产VIM-2型金属酶绿脓假单胞菌的研究

目的分析重症监护病房产金属β内酰胺酶绿脓假单胞菌的同源性、金属酶基因型及转移机制。方法用2-巯基丙酸协同试验筛选重症监护病房分离的对亚胺培南耐药的绿脓假单胞菌中的产金属酶株，聚合酶链反应(PCR)、克隆测序确定耐药基因，整合子PCR扩增，脉冲场凝胶电脉分析同源性。结果26株绿脓假单胞菌2-巯基丙酸协同试验阳性，酶粗提液能水解亚胺培南，活性能被EDTA抑制。VIM型金属酶引物PCR扩增阳性，经克隆测序证实为VIM-2型金属酶。整合子可变区序列分析表明，blaVIM-2位于Ⅰ类整合子上，该基因上游含有1个aacA4基因，下游为aadB基因。脉冲场凝胶电脉结果证实产酶株均来自同一克隆。结论医院重症监护病房有产VIM-2型金属酶绿脓假单胞菌的流行，耐药基因位于Ⅰ类整合子上。     

Seventy-two hours of mild hypothermia after cardiac arrest is associated with a lowered inflammatory response during rewarming in a prospective observational study

Introduction

Whole-body ischemia and reperfusion trigger a systemic inflammatory response. In this study, we analyzed the effect of temperature on the inflammatory response in patients treated with prolonged mild hypothermia after cardiac arrest.

Methods

Ten comatose patients with return of spontaneous circulation after pulseless electrical activity/asystole or prolonged ventricular fibrillation were treated with mild therapeutic hypothermia for 72 hours after admission to a tertiary care university hospital. At admission and at 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96 and 114 hours, the patients’ temperature was measured and blood samples were taken from the arterial catheter. Proinflammatory interleukin 6 (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines and chemokines (IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and complement activation products (C1r-C1s-C1inhibitor, C4bc, C3bPBb, C3bc and terminal complement complex) were measured. Changes over time were analyzed with the repeated measures test for nonparametric data. Dunn’s multiple comparisons test was used for comparison of individual time points.

Results

The median temperature at the start of the study was 34.3°C (33.4°C to 35.2°C) and was maintained between 32°C and 34°C for 72 hours. All patients were passively rewarmed after 72 hours, from (median (IQR)) 33.7°C (33.1°C to 33.9°C) at 72 hours to 38.0°C (37.5°C to 38.1°C) at 114 hours (P <0.001). In general, the cytokines and chemokines remained stable during hypothermia and decreased during rewarming, whereas complement activation was suppressed during the whole hypothermia period and increased modestly during rewarming.

Conclusions

Prolonged hypothermia may blunt the inflammatory response after rewarming in patients after cardiac arrest. Complement activation was low during the whole hypothermia period, indicating that complement activation is also highly temperature-sensitive in vivo. Because inflammation is a strong mediator of secondary brain injury, a blunted proinflammatory response after rewarming may be beneficial.     

脑卒中简明ICF核心要素信和效度检验的Rasch模型分析

目的 运用多层面Rasch模型检验中国版脑卒中国际功能、残疾与健康分类(ICF)核心要素的信度和效度.方法 由2名评定员对38例脑卒中患者采用中国版简明ICF核心要素的"身体功能"成分包含的20个类目分别进行评分,运用FACETS统计软件计算个人分离指数和信度、拟合分析等检验ICF核心要素的信度和效度.结果 中国版简明ICF核心要素量表中"身体功能"成分类目内部一致性信度好(个人分离指数为6.02,分离信度为0.94,χ2=2158.3,P＜0.01),评定者内信度好(未加权的均方拟合统计量为0.92～1.12),但2位评定员评分时的严格程度有显著差异(χ2=1042.5,P=0.01).该部分量表的结构效度较好(分离指数为1050,分离信度为0.80,χ2=467.3,P=0.01).但是拟合分析表明,b117智力功能处于非拟合状态,而b152情感功能和b755不随意运动反应功能处于过度拟合状态.结论 中国版脑卒中简明ICF核心要素的身体功能成分具有良好的信度和结构效度.多层面 Rasch模型对于检验简明ICF核心要素的信度和效度能够提供更全面的信息,具有良好应用前景.

Abstract：

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the brief International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) core sets for Chinese stroke patients using Rasch model analysis. Methods The body functions of 38 Chinese stroke patients were measured using the brief ICF core sets. The qualifiers of the 20items were measured by two raters and analyzed using FACETS statistical software. The intra-rater reliability and validity were tested by using the separation index and separation reliability and fit analysis. Results The brief ICF core sets had good internal consistency and reliability (person separation index = 6.02, person separation reliability = 0.94 ) with these Chinese patients. The raters showed significantly different strictness in rating, but their ratings had good internal self-consistency. The construct validity was good for the body functions of the ICF component ( separation index = 10.50, separation reliability = 0.80) , but misfitting and overfitting were found in items b117, b152and b755. Conclusion The body function of the brief ICF core sets has good reliability and validity for Chinese stroke patients. A many-facet Rasch measurement model can provide comprehensive information and has good application prospects for testing the reliability and validity of ICF core sets.