全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1120篇 |
免费 | 72篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 7篇 |
儿科学 | 25篇 |
妇产科学 | 17篇 |
基础医学 | 159篇 |
口腔科学 | 16篇 |
临床医学 | 199篇 |
内科学 | 159篇 |
皮肤病学 | 9篇 |
神经病学 | 78篇 |
特种医学 | 30篇 |
外科学 | 102篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 141篇 |
眼科学 | 9篇 |
药学 | 98篇 |
中国医学 | 2篇 |
肿瘤学 | 138篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 32篇 |
2021年 | 47篇 |
2020年 | 35篇 |
2019年 | 48篇 |
2018年 | 31篇 |
2017年 | 29篇 |
2016年 | 31篇 |
2015年 | 29篇 |
2014年 | 48篇 |
2013年 | 64篇 |
2012年 | 84篇 |
2011年 | 84篇 |
2010年 | 45篇 |
2009年 | 57篇 |
2008年 | 70篇 |
2007年 | 64篇 |
2006年 | 60篇 |
2005年 | 56篇 |
2004年 | 43篇 |
2003年 | 30篇 |
2002年 | 28篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1192条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
51.
Eric Morin Cecilia Lindskog Martin Johansson Lars Egevad Per Sandström Ulrika Harmenberg Lena Claesson-Welsh Elin Sjöberg 《The Journal of pathology》2020,250(4):387-396
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment has improved in the last decade with the introduction of drugs targeting tumor angiogenesis. However, the 5-year survival of metastatic disease is still only 10–15%. Here, we explored the prognostic significance of compartment-specific expression of Neuropilin 1 (NRP1), a co-receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). NRP1 expression was analyzed in RCC tumor vessels, in perivascular tumor cells, and generally in the tumor cell compartment. Moreover, complex formation between NRP1 and the main VEGF receptor, VEGFR2, was determined. Two RCC tissue microarrays were used; a discovery cohort consisting of 64 patients and a validation cohort of 314 patients. VEGFR2/NRP1 complex formation in cis (on the same cell) and trans (between cells) configurations was determined by in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA), and NRP1 protein expression in three compartments (endothelial cells, perivascular tumor cells, and general tumor cell expression) was determined by immunofluorescent staining. Expression of NRP1 in perivascular tumor cells was explored as a marker for RCC survival in the two RCC cohorts. Results were further validated using a publicly available gene expression dataset of clear cell RCC (ccRCC). We found that VEGFR2/NRP1 trans complexes were detected in 75% of the patient samples. The presence of trans VEGFR2/NRP1 complexes or perivascular NRP1 expression was associated with a reduced tumor vessel density and size. When exploring NRP1 as a biomarker for RCC prognosis, perivascular NRP1 and general tumor cell NRP1 protein expression correlated with improved survival in the two independent cohorts, and significant results were obtained also at the mRNA level using the publicly available ccRCC gene expression dataset. Only perivascular NRP1 expression remained significant in multivariable analysis. Our work shows that perivascular NRP1 expression is an independent marker of improved survival in RCC patients, and reduces tumor vascularization by forming complexes in trans with VEGFR2 in the tumor endothelium. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 相似文献
52.
Anna?M?Wirsing Oddveig?G?Rikardsen Sonja?E?Steigen Lars?Uhlin-Hansen Elin?Hadler-OlsenEmail author 《BMC clinical pathology》2014,14(1):38
Background
Oral squamous cell carcinomas are often heavily infiltrated by immune cells. The organization of B-cells, follicular dendritic cells, T-cells and high-endothelial venules into structures termed tertiary lymphoid structures have been detected in various types of cancer, where their presence is found to predict favourable outcome. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of tertiary lymphoid structures in oral squamous cell carcinomas, and if present, analyse whether they were associated with clinical outcome.Methods
Tumour samples from 80 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were immunohistochemically stained for B-cells, follicular dendritic cells, T-cells, germinal centre B-cells and high-endothelial venules. Some samples were sectioned at multiple levels to assess whether the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures varied within the tumour.Results
Tumour-associated tertiary lymphoid structures were detected in 21 % of the tumours and were associated with lower disease-specific death. The presence of tertiary lymphoid structures varied within different levels of a tissue block.Conclusions
Tertiary lymphoid structure formation was found to be a positive prognostic factor for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Increased knowledge about tertiary lymphoid structure formation in oral squamous cell carcinoma might help to develop and guide immune-modulatory cancer treatments.53.
Margaret Sällberg Chen Elin Strömberg Gerald Lee Vogel 《Acta odontologica Scandinavica》2014,72(7):557-560
Background. Previous studies have shown that a calcium (Ca) pre-rinse given before a 228 ppm fluoride (F) rinse greatly increased salivary fluoride. Objectives. The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to examine if Ca pre-rinse could increase the fluoride concentration in the overnight unstimulated saliva after a 905 ppm F-rinse. Materials and methods. Pre-rinses containing 150 mM, 75 mM or 0 mM Ca-lactate prepared by a validated pharmaceutical cGPM procedure were tested by nine subjects in a randomized order immediately followed by a 905 ppm F-rinse. The fluoride concentration was measured in unstimulated saliva collected 10 h later. Results and conclusions. The Ca pre-treatment significantly increased F level in overnight saliva following the 905 ppm fluoride rinse by 1.7× relative to the 905 ppm F-rinse alone; however, a significant effect was only observed with the highest (150 mM) Ca concentration as pre-rinse. Clinical relevance. High concentration F rinses (905 ppm) are commonly recommended for patients at high-risk of caries. A pre-treatment with high levels of Ca may further improve the cariostatic effect of this ion. 相似文献
54.
Gabriela Marsavela Ashleigh C. McEvoy Michelle R. Pereira Anna L. Reid Zeyad Al-Ogaili Lydia Warburton Muhammad A. Khattak Afaf Abed Tarek M. Meniawy Michael Millward Melanie R. Ziman Leslie Calapre Elin S. Gray 《British journal of cancer》2022,126(3):401
Background The validity of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) as an indicator of disease progression compared to medical imaging in patients with metastatic melanoma requires detailed evaluation.Methods Here, we carried out a retrospective ctDNA analysis of 108 plasma samples collected at the time of disease progression. We also analysed a validation cohort of 66 metastatic melanoma patients monitored prospectively after response to systemic therapy.Results ctDNA was detected in 62% of patients at the time of disease progression. For 67 patients that responded to treatment, the mean ctDNA level at progressive disease was significantly higher than at the time of response (P < 0.0001). However, only 30 of these 67 (45%) patients had a statistically significant increase in ctDNA by Poisson test. A validation cohort of 66 metastatic melanoma patients monitored prospectively indicated a 56% detection rate of ctDNA at progression, with only two cases showing increased ctDNA prior to radiological progression. Finally, a correlation between ctDNA levels and metabolic tumour burden was only observed in treatment naïve patients but not at the time of progression in a subgroup of patients failing BRAF inhibition (N = 15).Conclusions These results highlight the low efficacy of ctDNA to detect disease progression in melanoma when compared mainly to standard positron emission tomography imaging.Subject terms: Tumour biomarkers, Biomarkers 相似文献
55.
56.
57.
58.
Vilde D. Haakensen Anand Khadse Vandana Sandhu Ann Rita Halvorsen Steinar K. Solberg Lars H. Jørgensen Odd Terje Brustugun Elin H. Kure Åslaug Helland 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2020,147(10):2957-2966
Personalised cancer treatment depends on identification of therapeutically relevant biological subgroups of patients for assessing effect of treatment and to discover new therapeutic options. By analyses in heterogeneous patient populations, the effects may be lost in noise. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is a major killer worldwide. Despite recent advances, mortality is high and response to therapies varies greatly from patient to patient. Target search in biologically relevant subgroups may identify treatment options not so far discovered. A total of 198 patients undergoing surgery for squamous cell carcinomas of the lung were included in the study. The tumours were analysed for copy number alterations (n = 152) and gene expression from tumour (n = 188) and normal lung (n = 21), with both data levels present in 140 patients. We studied alterations in tumours harbouring mutations in TP53 and in previously published gene expression subtypes. Genes with consistent alterations in both genomic levels were identified as putative biomarkers. Results were validated in TCGA. The most convincing biomarker in TP53 mutated squamous cell carcinomas of the lung was BIRC5 with amplification in 36% of mutated samples, 5% in wild-type samples and a 17%-fold change of expression between TP53 mutated tumours and normal lung tissue. BIRC5 was significantly altered in the classical and primitive subtypes. We suggest BIRC5 as a putative predictive biomarker and putative druggable target in squamous cell lung carcinomas harbouring TP53 mutation or classified as classical and primitive subtypes. 相似文献
59.
Mai Tone Lønnebakken M.D. † Øyvind Bleie M.D. Elin Strand M.Sc. † Eva M. Staal Ph.D. † Ottar K. Nygård Ph.D. † Eva Gerdts Ph.D. † 《Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)》2009,26(1):52-60
Background: Myocardial contrast stress echocardiography (stress MCE) is a novel method for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD). Few studies have compared the diagnosis of ischemia by stress MCE to angiographic CAD. Methods: Dobutamine stress MCE and SonoVue contrast infusion were performed before an elective percutaneous coronary intervention in 37 patients (8 women) aged 45–75 years with symptomatic CAD and at least one significant coronary artery stenosis measured by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA). The total and regional perfusion and wall motion (WM) were scored as normal or abnormal and attributed to the three main epicardial coronary arteries using a 17-segment left ventricular model. Results: An intermediate stress level was obtained in 29 (78%) patients, and 2 (5%) patients obtained peak stress. A perfusion defect was detected in 92% and WM abnormality in 57% of the patients at peak stress (P < 0.01). By perfusion, 70% of stenoses were both detected and correctly anatomically located, compared to 42% by WM (P < 0.01). All 21 patients with multivessel disease and/or proximal left anterior descending (LAD) stenosis measured by QCA were identified by stress-induced perfusion defects, while only 11 of them were identified by WM abnormalities (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Perfusion scoring is superior to WM scoring during stress MCE for diagnosing significant CAD in patients obtaining intermediate stress level, in particular, when multivessel disease or proximal LAD stenosis is present. 相似文献
60.