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Purpose
Free throws (FT) accuracy is a major determinant of performance in basketball game. However, the effect of exercise intensities on FT accuracy has not been well studied. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of different exercise intensities on FT accuracy in young male basketball players.Methods
For this aim, 22 basketball players (age 16.12 ± 1.16 years, body mass 76.4 ± 13.3 kg and height 186.4 ± 8.9 cm), classified into 2 age groups (younger 15.28 ± 0.48 years, n = 11; older 16.97 ± 1.00 years, n = 11). The participants performed 50 FT under five conditions (i.e. 10 FT per condition): after rest (A), after 3 min shuttle running with ~9 km h?1 (B), ~9.5 km h?1 (C), ~10 km h?1 (D) and ~10.5 km h?1 (E).Results
The analysis of variance showed a main effect of exercise intensity on FT accuracy (p = 0.003, η 2 = 0.585), heart rate (HR) (p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.990) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) (p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.703): (a) FT accuracy in the C and D conditions was higher than the A condition (p ≤ 0.004); (b) all conditions differed for HR (p ≤ 0.047), the higher was the exercise intensity the higher was the HR, whereas no difference was revealed between D and E conditions; (c) the same trend as in the HR was observed in RPE (i.e. the higher the exercise intensity, the higher the RPE), too, where all conditions differed (p ≤ 0.047), except between C and D, and between D and E conditions.Conclusions
There was a significant exercise intensity × age interaction for RPE (p = 0.011, η 2 = 0.516), but not for FT accuracy (p = 0.336, η 2 = 0.224) or HR (p = 0.128, η 2 = 0.329). The findings of the present study showed that a minimum of exercise intensity was necessary to achieve peak FT performance and a shape of inverse U was suggested for the relationship between FT accuracy and exercise intensity.Background
About 50 cases of azygos venous system injuries following civilian trauma have been published in current literature. The purpose of our study was to investigate the incidence of these injuries, the causative mechanism and type of trauma, the co-existing injuries, and the mortality rate in our institution.Methods
We performed a retrospective review of all trauma patients who were admitted to the surgical department of the General Hospital of Rethymno during an 11-year period. Our study included patients arriving at our institution dead or alive with an azygos venous system injury following blunt or penetrating civilian trauma.Results
Seven patients—five men and two women—were identified with azygos venous system injuries. Five had an azygos vein laceration, one suffered from both azygos and hemiazygos vein lacerations, and the last one had sustained hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos vein injuries. All of them suffered from a blunt trauma. Three arrived at our hospital in extremis, and all died within 24 h despite our resuscitation attempts. All of our patients were polytrauma patients. All of them had co-existing torso injuries which were severe in all but one case, three of them suffered also from serious head injuries, and all but one had at least serious extremity’s injuries.Conclusion
Azygos venous system injuries are rare, although it seems that they are more frequent than current literature would indicate. Blunt trauma mechanism seems to be predominant in civilian trauma setting, and the patients have usually sustained a lot of serious and severe co-existing injuries with high resultant lethality.Scientific data regarding intravenous iron supplementation in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are scarce. In attempting to administer the minimum monthly IV iron dose that could improve erythropoiesis, we wanted to assess the safety and efficacy of monthly maintenance intravenous administration of 100 mg iron sucrose in PD patients.
MethodsIn a 9-month prospective study, all clinically stable PD patients received intravenously 200 mg of iron sucrose as a loading dose, followed by monthly doses of 100 mg for five consecutive months. Levels of hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, transferrin saturation (TSAT), reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured before each administration and 3 months after the last iron infusion. Also, doses of concurrent erythropoietin administration were recorded.
ResultsEighteen patients were eligible for the study. Mean levels of Hb and ferritin increased significantly (from 10.0 to 10.9 mg/dL, p?=?0.01 and from 143 to 260 ng/mL, p?=?0.005), as well as the increase in TSAT levels approached borderline significance (from 26.2 to 33.1%, p?=?0.07). During the 6 months of iron administration, the erythropoietin dose was reduced in five patients and discontinued in one. During the 3 months following the last iron infusion, three of them again raised the erythropoietin dose to previous levels. None of the patients experienced any side effects related to IV iron administration.
ConclusionsA monthly maintenance intravenous dose of 100 mg iron sucrose may be a practical, effective, and safe in the short term, treatment of anemia in PD patients resulting in improved hemoglobin levels, iron indices, and erythropoietin response.
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