Who Is to Blame? Framing HPV to Influence Vaccination Intentions among College Students

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI) among college students. Although previous research has studied HPV-related health communication strategies using various framing techniques, the goal of this study is to test how two unique message frames—whether mentioning HPV as an STI and whether to attribute the cause of infection as external or internal—would influence young adults’ intentions to receive the recommended HPV vaccine. Results indicate that gender and causal attribution framing influenced participants’ intentions to receive the HPV vaccine.     

Postoperative apnea, respiratory strategies, and pathogenesis mechanisms: a review

Recovery from anesthesia is ideally routine and uneventful. After extubation, the recovering postoperative patient ought to breathe without supportive care or additional oxygenation. It has been demonstrated in previous studies that postoperative pulmonary complications are clinically relevant in terms of mortality, morbidity, and length of hospital stay. Compromised postoperative ventilation can be described as the condition in which the postoperative patient does not have satisfactory spontaneous ventilation support and adequate oxygenation. Causes of impaired ventilation, oxygenation, and airway maintenance can be mechanical, hemodynamic, and pharmacologic. This review describes prevalence and differential diagnosis, including co-morbidities of postoperative apnea. The physiological mechanisms of breathing and prolonged postoperative apnea are also reviewed; these mechanisms include influences from the brainstem, the cerebral cortex, and chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic body. Causes of prolonged postoperative apnea and management are also discussed.     

Serum Immune Complexes and Disease

Summary: The solid phase Clq radioimmunoassay was used to detect immune complexes in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (14/25), rheumatoid arthritis (4/5), vasculitis (5/15), infective endocarditis (2/2), acute rheumatic fever (2/3), pre-eclamptic toxaemia (0/14), lung cancer (3/7), glomerulonephritis (26/98) and renal transplant patients (0/5). The best correlation with disease activity was seen in systemic lupus erythematosus and infective endocarditis where serial immune complex determinations were clearly of value in monitoring therapy. The findings in primary glomerulonephritis indicate only a limited usefulness of the assay in that serum immune complexes were detected in a minority (22/73) of patients with glomerular immune deposits. In particular the data do not support a role for Clq fixing immune complexes in the pathogenesis of membranous glomerulonephritis or in pre-eclamptic toxaemia.     

An initial report on a double-blind trial comparing small and large doses of gold in the treatment of rheumatoid disease.

A double-blind clinical trial on 60 patients with rheumatoid disease comparing 10 mg sodium aurothiomalate weekly to 50 mg weekly is continuing. An initial report on thirty of these patients, who had completed a year of treatment, shows no statistically significant difference in the response between the two groups. No conclusions can be drawn about toxic reactions in this number of patients having received treatment for only one year.