208例T1-2N1M0期乳腺癌改良根治术患者无病生存情况的危险因素分析

目的探究行改良根治术的T1-2N1M0期乳腺癌患者无病生存的影响因素。 方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2014年11月经改良根治术治疗208例T1-2N1M0期乳腺癌患者资料,统计术后截止2019年11月患者随访情况,并记录患者术后5年肿瘤转移、复发情况,以SPSS 22.00统计学软件进行数据处理。计数资料用[例(%)]表示,组间比较采用χ²检验;乳腺癌患者预后的相关因素行单因素和Cox多因素回归模型分析,P<0.05差异有统计学意义。 结果本次研究中208例患者均获得确切随访,无失访病例。其中复发、转移28例(13.5%),无转移复发180例(86.5%),患者5年无病生存率为86.5%;将单因素分析结果具有统计学意义的变量纳入Cox多因素回归模型。结果显示,年龄<45岁、组织学分级为III级、术后放疗、Ki-6 ≥30%为行改良根治术T1-2N1M0期乳腺癌患者复发转移的独立预后因素(P<0.05)。 结论年龄<45岁、组织学分级为III级、术后放疗、Ki-67≥30%是T1-2N1M0期乳腺癌患者行改良根治术后复发转移的独立危险因素,增加患者预后风险。     

3D打印胶原/羟基磷灰石支架对骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的作用研究

目的探讨3D打印胶原/羟基磷灰石支架对骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的作用。 方法分离SPF级雄性SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,实验分为：对照组、浸提组、诱导组及浸提诱导组,MTT法检测对照组,浸提组的细胞增殖情况,对比分析各组细胞的碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性,对各组细胞诱导培养17天后进行茜素红染色,观察钙结节染色情况。 结果MTT结果显示,浸提组与对照组在不同时间点的OD值比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,ALP活性结果显示,不同时间点各组与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不同时间点浸提诱导组与浸提组相比,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;诱导组在48 h及72 h与浸提组相比,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。茜素红染色结果显示,对照组细胞无钙结节点,浸提组及诱导组镜下肉眼可明显观察到红色区域染色,镜下观察可见钙结节点,浸提诱导组所产生的钙结节点的数量、大小以及染色的颜色深度均明显优于其他各组。 结论3D打印胶原/羟基磷灰石支架具有生物相容性好,可促进BMSCs向成骨分化,对细胞毒性低等特点,适宜用作骨缺损的治疗。     

Back Pain-Inducing Test,a Novel and Sensitive Screening Test for Painful Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures: A Prospective Clinical Study

To detect painful vertebral fractures (VFs) in back pain populations at risk of osteoporosis, we designed a physical examination test (the Back Pain-Inducing Test [BPIT]) that included three movements: lying supine, rolling over, and sitting up. If back pain is induced during any of these movements, the result is defined as positive, thereby establishing a presumptive diagnosis of painful VFs. Pain severity is quantified using a self-reported numerical rating scale (NRS). The presence or absence of painful VFs is verified by whole-spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the gold standard for final diagnosis. According to the standards for reporting diagnostic accuracy, a real-world, prospective, and observational study was performed on 510 back pain patients (enrolled from a single institute) at risk of osteoporosis. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the BPIT for identifying painful VFs were 99.1% (95% CI, 97.5% to 99.8%), 67.9% (95% CI, 60.4% to 74.5%), and 89.0%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 86.6% (95% CI, 82.9% to 89.6%) and 97.4% (95% CI, 92.6% to 99.3%), respectively. Cutoff NRS scores for lying supine, rolling over, and sitting up were 3, 0, and 2, respectively. The corresponding area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of each movement was 0.898 (95% CI, 0.868 to 0.922), 0.884 (95% CI, 0.854 to 0.911), and 0.910 (95% CI, 0.882 to 0.933), respectively. Although the high prevalence of VFs in the enrolled cohort partially limits the external validity of the predictive value in the general population, we conclude that the BPIT is potentially effective for detecting painful VFs in back pain populations at risk of osteoporosis. This test may be used as a stratification tool in decision-making on subsequent imaging procedures: a negative BPIT rules out painful VFs and indicates that an MRI should be spared, whereas a positive BPIT means that an MRI is necessary and is likely to identify painful VFs. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

Biomarker discovery in cardiac allograft vasculopathy using targeted aptamer proteomics

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) limits long-term survival after heart transplantation. Non-invasive evaluation is challenging, and currently, there is no validated biomarker for CAV diagnosis or prognostication. To identify potential candidate CAV biomarkers, we utilized the Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamer (SOMAscan) assay, which evaluates over 1000 serum proteins, including many relevant to biological pathways in CAV. We evaluated three heart transplant patient groups according to angiographic ISHLT CAV grade: CAV_1-2 (mild-moderate CAV), CAV₃ (severe CAV), and CAV₀ (normal control). SOMAscan assays were performed and proteins quantitated. Comparisons of proteins between study groups were performed using one-way ANOVA (false discovery rate q-value < 0.10). Thirty-one patients (12 mild-moderate CAV, 9 severe CAV, 10 controls) were included: 81% male, median age 57 years and median 1.1 years post-transplant. Compared to controls, patients with mild-moderate CAV had similar characteristics, while patients with severe CAV had longer time from transplant and increased allosensitization. Statistical/bioinformatics analysis identified 14 novel biomarkers for CAV, including 4 specific for mild-moderate CAV. These proteins demonstrated important actions including apoptosis, inflammation, and platelet/coagulation activation. Upon preliminary receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, our protein biomarkers showed moderate-to-high discriminative ability for CAV (area under curve: 0.72 to 0.94). These candidate biomarkers are being validated in prospective studies.     

The Uruguayan semen donor population: A twenty-eight-year retrospective study

Several studies have reported a global decline in seminal quality over the years. The objective of this study was to describe the semen donor population of Uruguay through comparing data of successive samples banked by the same donors and the analysis of their semen and physical characteristics, ancestry origin and educational level. A total of 3,449 ejaculated samples collected from 71 donors, cryobanked between 1989 and March 2017 at Fertilab, were analysed. Results revealed a mean age of 23.90 ± 3.98 years, an average weight of 74.95 ± 1.09 kg and a mean height of 1.78 ± 0.06 m. The majority of the donors trace their origin to Europe (74.65%, 53/71) and 66.19% (47/71) have a level of education higher than secondary school. We observed longitudinal differences in two parameters, that is sperm concentration and semen volume. Sperm concentration declined, while semen volume increased significantly over the 28-year period. The results of the present study are in accordance with that of previous articles that also reported a decline in sperm concentration over time. However, no differences were observed in total sperm number per ejaculate due to the increase in semen volume values, thus reflecting no real changes in sperm production over time.     

Serum levels of the endothelial glycocalyx constituents and the early failure of forearm autologous arteriovenous fistulas in end-stage renal disease patients: a prospective cohort study

International Urology and Nephrology - The relationship between the endothelial glycocalyx constituents and the early failure of autologous arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) in ESRD patients is still...     

AR-V7表达与去势抵抗性前列腺癌阿比特龙治疗敏感性的相关性研究

目的:探讨去势抵抗性前列腺癌(CRPC)患者中雄激素受体剪切变异体7(AR-V7)的表达与阿比特龙治疗敏感性的相关性。方法:采用前瞻性队列研究对2016年1月至2019年1月北京大学肿瘤医院收治的年龄≥18岁,存在1≥处全身转移,拟使用阿比特龙治疗的新发CRPC患者行外周血循环肿瘤细胞(CTCs)AR-V7检测,根据检测结果将患者分为AR-V7阳性组和AR-V7阴性组,对两组患者PSA下降时间、PSA无进展生存(PFS)、临床状态PFS、影像学PFS以及总生存进行统计分析。结果:共入组77例患者,其中AR-V7阴性组49例,AR-V7阳性组28例。AR-V7阴性组PSA下降时间[(72.04±66.92)d与(190.11±102.44)d,P=0.000]、PSA无应答率[6.12%(3/49)与21.4%(6/28),P=0.040]明显小于AR-V7阳性组,而PSA PFS[(489.17±269.39)d与(130.56±120)d,P=0.010]、临床状态PFS[(551.91±322.05)d与(261.44±200.85)d,P=0.018]、影像学PFS[(523.7±223.28)d与(247.56±202.80)d,P=0.003]明显长于AR-V7阳性组。AR-V7阳性组和AR-V7阴性组的肿瘤特异性生存时间分别为(1246.89±375.65)d和(1001.42±248.94)d(P=0.159),总生存率分别为89.8%(44/49)和89.3%(25/28)(P=0.176),差异均无统计学意义。结论:CRPC患者中,AR-V7表达与阿比特龙治疗敏感性及患者预后密切相关,阳性表达患者阿比特龙治疗效果及预后较差。     

骨髓间充质干细胞治疗大鼠慢性胰腺炎的实验研究

目的探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)对大鼠慢性胰腺炎(CP)的治疗作用及其机制。方法将SD大鼠随机分为空白组(尾静脉注射无菌生理盐水),模型组(尾静脉注射二氯二丁基酯制作大鼠CP模型),治疗组(造模后尾静脉注射BMSCs),假治疗组(造模后尾静脉注射无菌生理盐水),每组10只。取大鼠胰腺组织进行病理学评分及纤维化程度评分,ELASA法检测胰腺组织中胰腺星状细胞(PSC)活化表达的α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA),I型胶原蛋白,瓜型胶原蛋白水平,白细胞介素10(IL-10)水平;qRT-PCR法检测胰腺组织中PSC凋亡基因BNIP3的表达,Western-blot法检测胰腺组织中TGF-β/Smad信号传导通路中TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、Smad4的表达水平。将CP大鼠PSC培养体系分为对照组(单纯PSC培养组)和治疗组(PSC和BMSCs共培养组),每组5份标本,ELASA法检测α-SMA,I型胶原蛋白,Ⅲ型胶原蛋白,IL-10的表达水平;qRT-PCR法检测PSC凋亡基因BNIP3的表达,Western-blot法检测TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、Smad4的表达水平。结果(1)治疗组大鼠胰腺病理学评分及纤维化程度评分均低于模型组与假治疗组,且差别有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组α-SMA、I型胶原蛋白、Ⅱ型胶原蛋白水平,TGF-βl、Smad2、Smad3、Smad4的表达水平均低于模型组与假治疗组,且差别有统计学意义(P<0.05),但PSC凋亡基因BNIP3以及IL-10的表达水平高于模型组与假治疗组,且差别有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)治疗组α-SMA、I型胶原蛋白、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白水平,TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、Smad4的表达水平均低于对照组,且差别有统计学意义(P<0.05),但PSC凋亡基因BNIP3以及IL-10的表达水平高于对照组,且差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论BMSCs可通过TGF-β/Smad信号传导通路抑制PSC增殖活化,减少胰腺纤维化的形成,进而控制慢性胰腺炎。     

Cox健康行为互动模式在慢性病患者护理中的应用现状

慢性病的患病率呈明显上升趋势,其防治已成为世界范围所面临的重要公共卫生问题。近年来,Cox健康行为互动模式在慢性病患者健康促进中得到越来越广泛的应用。本文从该理论的内涵、特点进行介绍,对其在国内外慢性病患者护理中的应用现状进行综述,分析现存问题,提出未来研究的展望,旨在为今后慢性病患者健康促进的相关研究提供参考。