Optimization of Drug-Like Properties of Nonsteroidal Glucocorticoid Mimetics and Identification of a Clinical Candidate

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Crisis support among suicidal students following a loss event

Social support following a loss was compared in two groups of 24 suicidal and nonsuicidal college students. Participants were selected randomly from a sample of 667 respondents in four Montreal junior colleges. The selection criteria for all respondents was the experience of the break-up of a love relationship or the loss of an important friend during the previous 12 months. The students were interviewed with semistructured questions covering the extent of their core network, the number of conflicts, and the interactions with the network following the loss. The suicidal group named fewer important persons in the kinship network and had more conflicts with this network than did the nonsuicidal group. This difference was not found in the nonkinship network. The suicidal group was less ready to inform the network about the loss event than was the nonsuicidal group but the number of persons with whom the event was discussed was similar in both groups. Both groups were generally satisfied with the support received.     

Eating attitudes in urban and suburban adolescents

We administered the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory to two populations of high school students. The first group, 268 suburban females (mean age 16.2 years), completed their questionnaires in May 1988. The second population, 389 females and 281 males (mean age 16.0 years) in a city school with 92% black or Hispanic students, completed their questionnaires in February 1990 and were also measured for height and weight as part of a health screening. Scores of 21 or higher on the EAT-26 were achieved by 17.5% of the suburban females, 15.0% of the urban females, and 6.0% of the urban males. Significantly more suburban females (63%) considered themselves overweight, compared with both urban females (35%) and males (19%), yet only 14% of suburban females were calculated to be >10% over ideal body weight, compared with 45% of urban females and 39% of urban males. Contrary to expectations, self-esteem was higher and anxiety lower in the urban students than the suburban students; self-esteem and anxiety were each significantly correlated with higher EAT scores in both populations, but believing oneself overweight was correlated with higher EAT scores in only the suburban students. These data indicate that abnormal eating attitudes are present among both urban and suburban students but with important differences in their manifestations and implications. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Editorial zur Ausgabe „Fall verstehen: Diagnostik und Psychotherapie“

Psychotherapie Forum -     

Unexpected high intrafamilial phenotypic variability observed in hypophosphatasia

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a clinically heterogeneous rare, inherited disorder of bone and mineral metabolism with extensive allelic heterogeneity in the ALPL gene. In this report, we present a family with heterozygous parents (maternal p.(Glu191Lys), paternal p.(Gly334Asp) mutations in the ALPL gene) and four children (one genotypically normal, one heterozygous carrier and two compound heterozygous) showing an unexpected high phenotypic variability. One of the compound heterozygous showed clinical symptoms of the mild childhood form mainly affecting the teeth. The other one was more seriously affected with severe failure to thrive, delayed motor development, need for oxygen supply and profound mineralization deficit compatible with an infantile form of HPP. Functional in vitro studies identified p.(Glu191Lys) as mild (68%, no dominant-negative effect) and p.(Gly334Asp) as severely affected allele (1.2%, dominant-negative effect). In vitro simulation of the children''s genetic status showed a residual AP activity of 29%, while the biochemical AP activity in the serum was comparably reduced in both children (22 and 36 U/l). This family report indicates that mapping ALPL mutations within the gene does not necessarily help to predict the clinical severity of the phenotype. Therefore, results of prenatal diagnostics have to be interpreted with caution and prenatal genetic diagnosis and counseling for HPP should be provided within an experienced multidisciplinary team. Research about other confounding factors is urgently needed.