补中益气汤对环磷酰胺致骨质疏松小鼠骨生物力学的影响

目的:观察环磷酰胺对小鼠骨生物力学的影响,观察补中益气汤和葡萄糖酸钙对环磷酰胺造成的小鼠骨质疏松的防治作用。方法:实验于2005-10/2006-01在广东医学院药理教研室完成。选取昆明种小鼠40只,体质量(20±2)g,雌雄各半,按体质量对等原则随机分为4组,正常对照组、环磷酰胺模型组、环磷酰胺合用补中益气汤组、环磷酰胺合用葡萄糖酸钙组,每组10只。补中益气汤的制备:称取炙黄芪200g,党参60g,炙甘草100g,白术60g,当归60g,升麻60g,柴胡60g,陈皮60g,切碎,加水煎煮2次,滤过,滤液浓缩至1700mL,冰箱保存备用。正常对照组灌胃给予生理盐水10mL/(kg·d),环磷酰胺模型组灌胃给予环磷酰胺20mg/(kg·d);环磷酰胺合用补中益气汤组灌胃给予环磷酰胺20mg/(kg·d)的同时灌胃给予补中益气汤20mL/(kg·d);环磷酰胺合用葡萄糖酸钙组灌胃给予环磷酰胺20mg/(kg·d)的同时灌胃给予葡萄糖酸钙0.5mg/(kg·d)。均自由饮水和进食标准饲料。于实验第30天称质量后,处死动物,取肝脏、脾脏、胸腺称质量,根据动物体质量计算器官指数,同时取右侧股骨供骨生物力学测定用。结果:40只小鼠均进入结果分析。与正常对照组比较,环磷酰胺模型组骨生物力学指标最大载荷、弹性载荷、刚度系数均减少[(12.11±2.06)N,(8.15±2.57)N,(45.89±6.33)N/mm;(14.98±1.54)N,(10.17±1.17)N,(56.34±9.49)N/mm,P<0.05,P<0.01]。与环磷酰胺模型组比较,环磷酰胺合用补中益气汤组、环磷酰胺合用葡萄糖酸钙组生物力学指标最大载荷、刚度系数增高[环磷酰胺模型组:(12.11±2.06)N,(45.89±6.33)N/mm;环磷酰胺合用补中益气汤组:(15.52±2.67)N,(57.68±11.19)N/mm;环磷酰胺合用葡萄糖酸钙组:(17.10±2.96)N,(63.69±11.11)N/mm,P<0.05,P<0.01]。与环磷酰胺合用葡萄糖酸钙组比较,环磷酰胺合用补中益气组表现为各生物力学指标与环磷酰胺合用葡萄糖酸钙组相似,差异无显著性意义。结论:环磷酰胺能使小鼠骨结构性质和材料性质下降,补中益气汤和葡萄糖酸钙均能对抗环磷酰胺导致的骨质量下降,预防骨质疏松。     

出生后5年内环境和饮食干预不能降低哮喘和过敏性疾病发病风险

问题：在出生后的最初5年，减少房屋尘螨（HDM）变应原暴露并改变饮食中脂肪酸构成是否可以降低5岁时发生哮喘的风险？     

Caloric intake in medical ICU patients: consistency of care with guidelines and relationship to clinical outcomes

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the consistency of caloric intake with American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) recommendations for critically ill patients and to evaluate the relationship of caloric intake with clinical outcomes. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Adult ICUs at two teaching hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with an ICU length of stay of at least 96 h. Measurements and results: On ICU admission, severity of illness (ie, simplified acute physiology score II) and markers of nutritional status (ie, serum albumin level and body mass index) were recorded. The route of feeding (ie, enteral or parenteral), actual caloric intake (ie, percentage of ACCP recommendations: 0 to 32% [tertile I]; 33 to 65% [tertile II]; >/==" BORDER="0"> 66% [tertile III]), and evidence of GI intolerance (ie, gastric aspirate levels, >/==" BORDER="0"> 100 mL) were recorded daily. The following outcomes were assessed: status on hospital discharge (alive vs dead); spontaneous ventilation before ICU discharge (yes vs no); and ICU discharge without developing nosocomial sepsis (yes vs no). The average caloric intake among 187 participants was 50.6% of the ACCP targets and was similar in both hospitals. Caloric intake was inversely related to the mean number of gastric aspirates >/==" BORDER="0"> 100 mL/d (Spearman rho = -0.04; p = 0.06), but not to severity of illness, nutritional status, or route of feeding. After accounting for the number of gastric aspirates >/==" BORDER="0"> 100 mL, severity of illness, nutritional status, and route of feeding, tertile II of caloric intake (vs tertile I) was associated with a significantly greater likelihood of achieving spontaneous ventilation prior to ICU discharge. Tertile III of caloric intake (vs tertile I) was associated with a significantly lower likelihood of both hospital discharge alive and spontaneous ventilation prior to ICU discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Study participants were underfed relative to ACCP targets. These targets, however, may overestimate needs, since moderate caloric intake (ie, 33 to 65% of ACCP targets; approximately 9 to 18 kcal/kg per day) was associated with better outcomes than higher levels of caloric intake.     

P-31 MR spectroscopy of normal human brain and brain tumors

Image-guided phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance (MR)-localized image-selected in vivo spectroscopy was performed on normal human brain and brain tumors. Peak area ratios, absolute molar concentrations of metabolites, and pH were determined. T1 values in normal brain were measured. The most important finding was that the metabolite concentrations detectable with MR spectroscopy in brain tumors were reduced from 20% to 70%. Phosphomonoesters, phosphodiesters, and phosphocreatine (PCr) showed the greatest decreases, while inorganic phosphate (Pi) showed the least change. The PCr-Pi ratio was significantly reduced in tumors. The pH of brain tumors (7.12 +/- 0.03) was more alkaline than that of normal brain (6.99 +/- 0.01). The authors conclude that the metabolite concentrations and pH in human brain tumors differ significantly from those in normal brain. These differences may be ultimately useful in characterizing tumors in man.     

Edge enhancement of ECG-gated cardiac images using directional masks

ECG-gated images were processed by a computer using a nonlinear digital filter and directional masks to improve delineation of cardiac chamber boundaries and identification of the aortic and mitral valve planes. This technique proved to be satisfactory in 30 patients with documented coronary or valvular heart disease.