乳腺癌肿瘤血管生成的临床病理学意义

肿瘤血管生成（ＴｕｍｏｒＡｎｇｉｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓ，ＴＡ）是目前肿瘤研究的重要课题，其研究目的在于探讨ＴＡ的预后价值以及预测肿瘤对抗血管生成药物的反应。本文应用第八因子相关抗原多克隆抗体对６５例乳腺浸润性导管癌（以下简称乳腺癌）进行了微血管的定量研究。结果显示：腋下淋巴结阳性病例组织的微血管密度（ＭｉｃｒｏｖｅｓｓｅｌＤｅｎｓｉｔｙ，ＭＶＤ）（１２９．７±４４．９）明显高于腋下淋巴结阴性（ＮｏｄｅＮｅｇａｔｉｖｅＢｒｅａｓｔＣａｎｃｅｒ，ＮＮＢＣ）病例组的ＭＶＤ（７９．６±３３．６），差异呈极显著性（Ｐ＜０．００１）；发生术后复发及远处转移的病例的ＭＶＤ均值高达１４５．３；以上结果提示乳腺癌ＭＶＤ与肿瘤转移、复发均密切相关。我们认为乳腺癌ＭＶＤ可反映其血供状态，ＭＶＤ高的病例微血管丰富，肿瘤组织生长快，癌细胞易于进入微循环而发生转移     

影响中药临床疗效的因素探讨

中药的来源，除部分为人工制品外，主要是天然动、植物和矿物。由于我国土地辽阔，自然地理状况十分复杂，再受到基源、产地、采收季节、加工炮炙、贮藏等因素的影响，使得中药材的有效成分的含量表现出一定的不稳定性。中药的有效成分是防治疾病的基础。中药质量的好坏，直接影响到中药的临床疗效，这已成为临床医师极为关注的问题。     

煤工尘肺患者下呼吸道产金属内酰胺酶铜绿假单胞菌感染状况

目的了解煤工尘肺患者下呼吸道产金属内酰胺酶的铜绿假单胞菌(PA)的感染状况及其耐药特性。方法分离下呼吸道感染的煤工尘肺患者痰液标本中的PA，根据药敏试验，筛选可疑产金属内酰胺酶PA，最后依据2-巯基丙酸双纸片法鉴定产金属内酰胺酶PA。结果40株PA中共筛选出10株可疑PA，最终确定产金属内酰胺酶PA6株。这些菌株均有很强的耐药性，对亚胺培南、头孢菌素、含酶抑制剂类抗菌药物全部耐药；对阿米卡星、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、庆大霉素等药物部分耐药。产金属内酰胺酶PA的耐药性远强于不产金属内酰胺酶的PA。结论产金属内酰胺酶PA的耐药性很强，应加强煤工尘肺患者产金属内酰胺酶PA的检测，以利于指导治疗和控制感染。     

Blunt hepatic injury: minimal intervention is the policy of treatment

BACKGROUND: Many publications recommend nonoperative treatment for stable blunt hepatic injury patients. Unstable hemodynamic status is the only indication for surgery. When operation is indicated, controversies exist regarding which operative procedure will be more beneficial to the patients. The purposes of this study are to compare the results of operative and nonoperative management of patients with blunt hepatic injuries and to identify the optimal surgical approach when surgery is indicated. METHODS: Different prospective protocols of treating adult blunt hepatic injuries were conducted. From 1992 to 1993 (group I), urgent surgery would be performed in the presence of hemoperitoneum. The policy shifted to aggressive nonoperative approach between 1996 and 1997 (group II). The patients from each period were divided into three subgroups. Group A included the patients who received nonoperative treatment in either period. Group B consisted of the patients who received surgery in the first period and nonoperative management in the second period. Group C included the patients who were operated on in either group. Comparisons were made between matched groups. RESULTS: Groups IA and IIA patients had minor injuries and could be successfully treated nonoperatively. The results of groups IB and IIB were similar concerning hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality. Transfusion requirements of group IIB patients were significantly higher (2.2 vs. 1.1 units,p = 0.01) than those of group IB. However, 25 (58%) celiotomies of group IB patients were nontherapeutic. When surgery was indicated, group IC patients had significantly higher liver-related mortality (14 of 49 vs. 3 of 55, p = 0.002). Anatomic resection was performed more frequently in that period. CONCLUSION: Nonoperative treatment significantly decreased the rate of nontherapeutic laparotomy but carried the risks of higher transfusion requirements and delaying operation. When surgery was indicated, the policy of minimal intervention positively affected the patients' outcomes. The goal of surgery should be hemorrhage control rather than resection of the injured liver tissues.     

重组人类表皮生长因子在超声乳化白内障摘除术后的应用

目的　观察重组人类表皮生长因子 (rh EGF)滴眼液对超声乳化白内障术后泪膜的疗效。方法　随机选择两组超声乳化白内障术后患者 ,A组 (74只眼 )术后给予 rh EGF眼液 ;B组 (87只眼 )术后给予赋形剂。分别于术后第 1天、7天、15天、30天进行干眼症状、角膜荧光素染色、泪膜破裂时间 (BU T)及泪液分泌试验观察加以比较 ,并进行统计学分析。结果　术后第 7天两组患者的干眼症状、BU T、泪液分泌量及角膜荧光素着色均有好转 (P<0 .0 1) ,两组间差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;而术后第 15天、30天 A组各项检查结果均有反复 ,与术后第 1天比较差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,B组各项检查结果反复较小 ,与术后第 1天比较 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　 rh EGF滴眼液对超声乳化白内障术后泪膜的修复有促进作用。     

膀胱粘膜下层无细胞基质的研制

目的 探讨膀胱粘膜下层无细胞基质的制作与评价。方法 自膀胱解剖出膀胱粘膜下层，置于PBS、0．5％SDS、双蒸水中反复洗涤去除细胞，必要时加用胰蛋白酶消化。获得的细胞外基质采用HE、免疫组化、扫描电镜评价去细胞效果，细胞植入无细胞基质观察细胞能否粘附于该材料。结果 HE、免疫组化、扫描电镜均未见制备的材料中存在细胞及细胞碎片，体外细胞植入试验见细胞可粘附于材料并增殖。结论 采用本制备方法可以得到膀胱粘膜下层无细胞基质，有望为临床提供尿道下裂生物替代材料。     

Disseminated tuberculosis presenting as multiple hepatosplenic microabscesses and pancytopenia in a teenage boy.

Disseminated tuberculosis usually occurs in immunocompromised hosts. Involvement of bone marrow, liver, and spleen is infrequent. A previously healthy 15-year-old boy presented with body weight loss, prolonged fever, neck lymphadenopathy, pancytopenia, and hepatosplenic microabscesses within the recent month and was transferred to our hospital. Bone marrow studies showed hypocellular marrow. Based on his clinical manifestations, hemophagocytic syndrome was initially suspected. Pancytopenia resolved after administration of intravenous immunoglobulin but caseous necrosis and/or positive acid-fast stain were subsequently demonstrated in the lymph node biopsy and sputum. Cultures from these 2 specimens grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Fever continued in a low-grade pattern even under antituberculous therapy with rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. Five months after admission, fever subsided after splenectomy and liver wedge resection. Microscopic examinations of both the liver and spleen showed mycobacteria-related granulomatous inflammation and caseating necrosis. This report suggests that tuberculosis infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with prolonged fever, pancytopenia and hepatosplenic abscesses.     

玉露散加味临床治疗小儿泄泻150例体会

目的探讨在祖国医学理论的指导下辨证施治，运用玉露散加味临床治疗小儿泄泻（火泻）。方法通过对近几年临床积累的小儿泄泻（火泻）病例150例（男93例，女57例）进行临床资料综合分析。结果临床150例病例中，服用1剂痊愈21例，占14％；服用2剂痊愈97例，占65％；服用3剂痊愈29例，占19％；服用4剂痊愈3例，占2％。结论玉露散加味对临床因湿热蕴结尤以热盛所致的小儿泄泻（火泻），能达到清热泻火，利水渗湿的治疗作用，疗效佳，为治泻选方提供范例。     

锂对染铅大鼠海马胆囊收缩素和神经元型一氧化氮合酶神经元的保护作用

目的 探讨锂对染铅大鼠海马胆囊收缩素（CCK）和神经元型一氧化氮合酶（nNOS）神经元的保护作用及其与动物学习记忆功能变化的关系.方法 通过测量体重,利用反映学习记忆功能的Y迷宫法和ABC免疫组化法,研究饮用含0.2 g/L醋酸铅（PbAc）水和含不同剂量（3、30、300、3 000mg/kg）氯化锂（LiCl）饲料喂养的大鼠体格发育情况、学习记忆能力以及海马不同亚区CCK和nNOS阳性神经元数目的变化.结果铅染毒组大鼠体重增加少于对照组大鼠,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,Y-迷宫学会次数多于对照组大鼠,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;其海马各区CCK和nNOS阳性神经元数明显减少,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.铅＋LiCl（3、30、300mg/kg）组体重增加多于对照组大鼠,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;Y-迷宫学会次数少于对照组大鼠,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,海马各区CCK阳性神经元数明显增加,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.铅＋3 000mg/kg LiCl组大鼠Y-迷宫学会次数多于对照组大鼠,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;海马各区CCK阳性神经元数明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;与铅染毒组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 铅可损伤大鼠学习记忆能力,影响大脑海马CCK和nNOS阳性神经元的数目.较低剂量的锂对铅引起的学习记忆损伤和海马CCK阳性神经元的变化有一定保护作用.