CHROMOSOME 17P MAY HARBOR MULTIPLE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES ASSOCIATED WITH PRIMARY GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most malignant type of glioma, is the most common primary brain neoplasm. Although comprehensive therapeutic measures are applied, the prognosis of GBM remains dismal with a median post-treatment survival of less than one year. Modern molecular genetics has demonstrated that abnormal alterations of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and oncogenes are the major mechanisms responsible for the initiation and progression of this malignant tumor. Identifying rela…     

Subaponeurotic haemorrhage in the 1990s: a 3-year surveillance

A 3-year survey of subaponeurotic haemorrhage (January 1991 to December 1993) in a tertiary referral centre in Hong Kong revealed that the incidence of this life-threatening condition was 6.4 per 1000 ventouse-associated deliveries, which is 60-fold more common than with other modes of childbirth. We highlight a lesser known phenomenon of marked male predominance (male to female ratio 8:1). Three of 18 (17%) infants with subaponeurotic haemorrhage died. Severe subaponeurotic haemorrhage with a decrease in venous haematocrit > 25% of the baseline value at birth and requiring urgent blood transfusion in the first 12 h, in association with significant birth asphyxia with arterial cord blood pH < 7.20 and 1-minApgar score3 were the most important risk factors for death. A worrying feature was the silent presentation of occult subaponeurotic haemorrhage in two of the fatal cases. Frequent monitoring of haematocrit, early and rapid restoration of blood volume and prompt commencement of cardiac inotropes are the keys to the management of this condition, which should be suspected in all ill newborn infants subjected to the ventouse applicator, Cord blood pH, haematocrit, subaponeurotic haemorrhage, ventouse
PC Ng, Department of Paediatrics, Level 6, Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong     

大鼠肠系膜淋巴微循环在急性微循环障碍时的变化

目的:采用局部滴加肾上腺素造成大鼠肠系膜微循环障碍模型,观察急性微循环障碍时淋巴微循环的变化。方法:实验于2006-04/07在河北北方学院医学院病理生理实验室完成。①实验分组:Wistar雄性大鼠20只,随机分为肾上腺素组和生理盐水组,每组10只。②实验方法:肾上腺素组依次由低浓度向高浓度用微量灌流泵从肠系膜局部滴加给药,给药浓度为0.1,1,10mg/L,速度为15滴/min,,每次给药间隔为30min;生理盐水组,在肾上腺素组的相对应时间肠系膜滴加生理盐水。两组大鼠在滴加后5min进行指标测量。③实验指标:测量急性微循环障碍时大鼠肠系膜淋巴管最大舒张口径、最大收缩口径和静态口径;记录大鼠肠系膜淋巴管收缩频率、收缩期时间、舒张期时间;计算大鼠肠系膜淋巴管收缩活性指数、总收缩活性指数、淋巴动力学指数。结果:20只大鼠均进入结果分析。①肠系膜淋巴管口径:给药前,肾上腺素组与生理盐水组肠系膜淋巴管静态口径、最大收缩口径及最大舒张口径组差异无显著性(P>0.05),肠系膜滴加不同浓度肾上腺素后,淋巴管静态口径、最大舒张口径小于给药前及生理盐水组(P<0.05),而生理盐水组淋巴管口径无明显变化。②肠系膜淋巴管收缩周期:活体淋巴微循环观察可见肠系膜淋巴管呈自主节律性收缩,平均收缩频率为(4.50±1.08)次/min,肠系膜滴加肾上腺素后,淋巴管收缩频率及舒张期时间明显低于给药前及生理盐水组(P<0.05)。③肠系膜淋巴管收缩指数:给药前,肾上腺素组肠系膜淋巴管收缩活性指数、总收缩活性指数、淋巴动力学指数与生理盐水组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。肠系膜滴加不同浓度肾上腺素后,3个收缩性指数明显低于给药前及对照组水平(P<0.05),而滴加生理盐水后,收缩指数无明显变化。结论:急性微循环时大鼠肠系膜淋巴微循环明显障碍。     

Reduced lysosomal clearance of autophagosomes promotes survival and colonization of Helicobacter pylori

Evasion of autophagy is key for intracellular survival of bacteria in host cells, but its involvement in persistent infection by Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium identified to invade gastric epithelial cells, remains obscure. The aim of this study was to functionally characterize the role of autophagy in H. pylori infection. Autophagy was assayed in H. pylori‐infected human gastric epithelium and the functional role of autophagy was determined via genetic or pharmacological ablation of autophagy in mouse and cell line models of H. pylori infection. Here, we showed that H. pylori inhibited lysosomal function and thereby promoted the accumulation of autophagosomes in gastric epithelial cells. Importantly, inhibiting autophagosome formation by pharmacological inhibitors or genetic ablation of BECN1 or ATG5 reduced H. pylori intracellular survival, whereas inhibition of lysosomal functions exerted an opposite effect. Further experiments demonstrated that H. pylori inhibited lysosomal acidification and the retrograde trafficking of mannose‐6‐phosphate receptors, both of which are known to positively regulate lysosomal function. We conclude that H. pylori subverts autophagy into a pro‐survival mechanism through inhibition of lysosomal clearance of autophagosomes. Disruption of autophagosome formation offers a novel strategy to reduce H. pylori colonization in human stomachs. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

H460小型细胞团在天然活性Ⅰ型胶原中三维立体培养模型的构建

目的:建立H460小型细胞团在天然活性Ⅰ型胶原中的三维立体培养技术。方法:实验于2006-07/11在解放军兰州军区兰州总医院呼吸内科实验室(博士后工作站)完成。①实验材料:H460细胞系由解放军总医院惠赠;Wistar大鼠,体质量150～200g,实验中的胶原仅从大鼠的尾部肌腱提取,该大鼠来源为其他科室实验过程中未做任何处理的大鼠。②实验方法:将H460小型细胞团悬液、鼠尾提取的天然胶原(4g/L)与4倍体积的DMEM共同混合为细胞浓度2×108L-1、胶原浓度为1g/L、1倍体积DMEM浓度。③实验评估:倒置显微镜观察细胞团在天然胶原中的生长状态,并与平面培养细胞相比较。结果:平面培养的细胞,其细胞团生长呈分散平铺的方式,单个细胞为不规则多边行,细胞之间有明显的间隙存在,而立体培养的细胞呈团块状,周围可见放射状毛刺突起,无法观察单个细胞。结论:H460小型细胞团在天然胶原中的三维立体培养为体外研究细胞生长及肿瘤细胞生长方式提供了一个更为类似体内环境的模型。     

Regulation of cholesterol synthesis by low density lipoprotein in isolated human lymphocytes

The rate of cholesterol synthesis from [14C]acetate was low in circulating blood lymphocytes freshly isolated from 17 normal subjects and 4 subjects with homozygous FH. On the other hand, the rate of cholesterol synthesis was two to fourfold above normal in freshly isolated lymphocytes from two subjects with abetalipoproteinemia. When the lymphocytes from subjects with all three genotypes were incubated for 48-72 h in the absence of lipoproteins, the rate of cholesterol synthesis increased by 5-15-fold. The subsequent addition of plasma LDL, but not HDL, rapidly suppressed cholesterol synthesis in the lymphocytes from normal subjects. In contrast, lymphocytes from the FH homozygotes, which have been shown previously to be deficient in cell surface LDL receptors, were resistant to LDL-mediated suppression of cholesterol synthesis. In addition to its ability to suppress cholesterol synthesis after it had been elevated by incubation of the cells in the absence of lipoproteins, LDL was able to suppress the induction of the enhanced rate of sterol synthesis when added to normal lymphocytes immediately after their isolation from the bloodstream. In contrast to the former action of LDL, the latter action of LDL-i.e., the suppression of induction of sterol synthesis-also occurred to a limited extent in lymphocytes from FH homozygotes. However, the FH lymphocytes, but not the normal cells, could be made resistant to this action of LDL by inclusion in the incubation medium of lipoprotein-deficient serum (30 percent, vol/vol) plus HDL (1 mg protein/ml). Considered together with previous data demonstrating a deficiency of LDL receptors in freshly isolated lymphocytes from FH homozygotes, the current studies provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that the interaction of plasma LDL with its cell surface receptor serves to regulate cholesterol synthesis in human lymphocytes.     

Effects of Bambusae caulis in Liquamen on the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in hairless mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Bambusae caulis in Liquamen (BCL) is a nutritious liquid extracted from heat-treated fresh bamboo stems. It is an important traditional herbal medicine used to treat coughs and asthma in East Asia. In recent years, it has been studied for its anti-inflammatory, anti-allergenic, and immune-regulating properties.

Aim of the study

To examine whether BCL suppresses the development of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions in hairless mice.

Materials and methods

The effects of BCL were analyzed by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL), melanin content, and erythema in the skin, leukocyte numbers and IgE levels in the serum, and mRNA expression of relevant cytokines in the spleen.

Results

The transdermal administration of BCL to hairless mice inhibited the development of DNCB-induced AD-like skin lesions by suppressing TEWL, melanin production and erythema of skin, the number of leukocytes and the level of IgE in serum, and the mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-13, and TNF-α in the spleen. However, BCL administration increased the expression of IFN-γ in the spleen.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that BCL suppresses the development of DNCB-induced AD-like skin lesions in hairless mice, suggesting that BCL may be a potential therapeutic agent for AD in a clinical setting.     

2-(E)-取代苯亚甲基环戊酮及其Mannich碱盐酸盐类化合物的合成和抗炎、抗癌活性研究

本文设计,合成了2-(E)-取代苯亚甲基环戊酮(Ⅰ)类化合物18个及其Mannich碱盐酸盐(Ⅱ)类化合物11个,其中22个为新化合物。初步药理结果显示:对于角叉菜胶诱发的大鼠足趾水肿,Ⅰ_4,Ⅰ_(12)及Ⅰ_(13)口服有较显著的抑制作用,水溶性Ⅱ类化合物皮下注射有极强的抑制作用,其中Ⅱ_3于50,25和12.5 mg/kg剂量下抑制率分别为95.8%,70.3%和44.2%,它与布洛芬效力(25 mg/bg抑制率72.9%)相当.Ⅱ类化合物体外对L1210细胞及体内对荷艾氏腹水癌小鼠均有一定抗癌活性。     

烧伤再生医学与疗法在马来西亚的临床应用

目的:探讨烧伤再生疗法(BRT)和湿润烧伤膏(MEBO)治疗烧伤的临床效果.方法:该试验为前瞻性、单一中心临床研究,研究对象为2009年9月和2010年3月间筛选的10名年龄在3个月至75岁之间的浅Ⅱ度～Ⅲ度烧伤患者,全程采用BRT和MEBO治疗,观察记录创而75%愈合时间、创面100%愈合时间、创面感染率、疼痛指数、平均住院时间、过敏反应率,并拍摄照片进行治疗前后的对比观察.结果:创面75%和100%愈合的平均时间分别为27.3天和59.0天;换药时的平均疼痛指数为4;住院时间最短9天,最长151天,平均住院时间为57.1天;细菌感染率为10%;没有发现过敏反应.结论:在本研究中,有些创面本是需要接受植皮手术的,但是经MEBO继续治疗4周～6周后能够成功实现上皮化再生愈合.因此,MEBO治疗烧伤的有效性毋庸置疑.     

老年肾病综合征28例

1 临床资料 2002/2004年行肾活检的老年(≥60岁)住院肾病综合征患者28(男19,女9)例,按WHO标准进行病理学分类(表1).全部病例给予强的松每日1 mg/kg,晨顿服,8～12 wk后渐减量至最小量维持治疗.9例患者因激素反应欠佳而加用环磷酰胺治疗.完全缓解: 水肿消退,24 h尿蛋白＜300 mg;部分缓解: 水肿消退,24 h尿蛋白300～1500 mg;无效: 临床征状改善或无改善,肾功能恶化(表1,2).