Ca~(2+)经钙激活非选择性阳离子通道进入ECV304内皮细胞

目的　研究钙离子进入ECV30 4内皮细胞株的途径和血管紧张素Ⅱ (AⅡ )对钙内流的影响。方法　用膜片钳的细胞贴附式和全细胞方式记录ECV30 4内皮细胞的通道活动。结果　 (1 )在记录单通道电流时电极液含 1 2 0mmol·L- 1 CaCl2 ,细胞浴液不含K+ 、Na+ 时 ,Ca2 + 经非选择性阳离子通道 (CAN)内流的电导为γ0 =(1 2 90± 2 1 1 ) pS(n =4)。1× 1 0 - 7mol·L- 1 AⅡ可显著增强通道电流幅度和延长通道开放时 ,其电导增大为γ1 =(2 2 1 8± 2 2 9)pS(n =4)。全细胞记录得到的结果与单通道的一致。 (2 )用全细胞方式记录到ECV30 4内皮细胞的电压依赖性钙通道电流 ,记录到该峰值电流为 (2 9 32± 3 56)pA(n =4) ,2 0 μmol·L- 1 nifedepine能抑制这个峰值电流 ,被抑制后的电流峰值为 (6 0 0± 3 94)pA(n =4)。 2 μmol·L- 1 BayK8644能显著激活通道活动。结论　Ca2 + 经CAN进入ECV30 4细胞 ,AⅡ可显著增强CAN的钙流     

通天口服液治疗不同类型紧张型头痛的疗效比较

目的 :观察通天口服液治疗不同类型紧张型头痛的临床疗效。方法 :紧张型头痛病人 1 2 1例 ,分为发作性紧张型头痛组 44例和慢性紧张型头痛组 77例 ,口服通天口服液 1mo,治疗后 2mo内动态观察头痛程度、发作频率、持续时间的变化。结果 :治疗 1mo后 1 2 1例病人临床总有效率为90 .9% ,发作性紧张型头痛组临床有效率为 98% ,慢性紧张型头痛组为 87% (P <0 .0 1 )。停药 1mo后全组临床总有效率为 83 .5 % ,发作性紧张型头痛组临床有效率为 93 % ,慢性紧张型头痛组为 78%(P <0 .0 1 )。无效的 2 0例多为慢性紧张型头痛组病人。 2组病人未见不良反应发生。结论 :通天口服液治疗紧张型头痛安全、有效 ,对发作性紧张型头痛的疗效优于慢性紧张型头痛     

小儿耳蜗植入后电诱发复合动作电位的阈值及其临床应用

目的　研究应用神经反应遥测 (neuralresponsetelemetry ,NRT)技术 ,测试电诱发复合动作电位 (electrically evokedcompoundactionpotential,ECAP)阈值以指导小儿人工耳蜗映射调图的策略与时机。方法　应用NRT3 0软件对幅值增长函数进行线性拟合 ,确定ECAP阈值。比较 6例儿童植入者在术后 1、2、3个月ECAP阈值的变化 ,同时比较 7例儿童术中、术后ECAP阈值的差异。结果ECAP幅值增长函数在接近阈值或进入饱和时不再呈线性。术后ECAP阈值保持稳定。各导电极的术中ECAP阈值比术后阈值平均高约 15CL ,二者有显著性相关 (R2 =0 915 4)。结论　应选取幅值增长函数的直线段部分进行拟合以确定ECAP阈值。术后应用ECAP阈值指导小儿映射调图时 ,测试一次ECAP阈值即可。术中ECAP阈值可用作开机时映射图的C值     

重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征围手术期持续正压通气治疗

目的　观察重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 (obstructivesleepapneahypopneasyndrome ,OSAHS)围手术期病情变化和持续正压通气治疗 (continuouspositiveairwaypressure,CPAP)的影响 ,探讨围手术期治疗的必要性。方法　 45例重度OSAHS患者均接受了完整保留悬雍垂的改良悬雍垂腭咽成形术。其中 2 4例不做围手术期CPAP治疗的作对照组 ,2 1例行围手术期CPAP治疗 :术前CPAP治疗 7d以上 ,于术后 1～ 3d夜应用自动调节治疗压力的CPAP(autotitratedCPAP ,AutoSet)进行治疗。治疗组患者术后第二夜在AutoSet治疗下同时做多导睡眠监测 (polysomnography,PSG)。对呼吸暂停低通气指数 (apneahyponeaindex ,AHI)、最低血氧饱和度 (lowestSaO2 ,LSaO2 )、血压以及睡眠结构等指标进行观察。结果　对照组 2 4例患者中有 6例于术后第二夜LSaO2 比术前下降 ,AHI升高 ,另外 1 8例患者LSaO2 升高 ,AHI下降。治疗组 2 1例患者CPAP治疗前AHI为 (61 1± 9 9)次 /h( x±s,以下同 ) ,LSaO2 为 65 0 %± 9 6 % ,手术前CPAP治疗后AHI为 (2 2± 1 4)次 /h ,LSaO2 为 94 5 %± 2 9% ,t检验P <0 0 0 1 ;手术前经CPAP治疗临床症状消失。术后患者均能良好耐受AutoSet治疗 ,术后第二夜应用AutoSet治疗时AHI为 (3 6± 1 8)次 /h     

老年性痴呆患者的听觉损害

目的　确定老年性痴呆患者 (seniledementiaoftheAlzheimer′sdisease ,AD)有无周围性听功能障碍及其与认知障碍的关系。方法　利用纯音测听、言语识别率、声导抗、听觉脑干反应检测AD患者 43例 ,健康老年人 50例 ,评定受试者测听可信度 ,统计测试结果 ,并将上述结果同受试者简易精神状态量表 (mini mentalscaleofequastionnaire ,MMSE)得分进行对照分析 ,寻找二者之间的关系。结果　受试者两耳间周围听力差异无显著性 ,以右耳听力结果 ( x±s)进行统计。AD组纯音听阈为 (2 6 3± 8 5)dBHL和 (2 9 1± 8 7)dBHL ,言语识别率为 (85 5± 5 5) % ;对照组纯音听阈为 (2 3 2± 1 0 6)dBHL和 (2 6 2± 1 1 8)dBHL ,言语识别率为 (87 6± 6 8) %。虽然AD组周围听功能检查结果低于对照组 ,但无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5)。测听可信度、声导抗和ABR阈值两组间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5)。结论　老年性痴呆患者纯音听阈和言语识别率与老年聋相似 ,其周围听功能障碍与MMSE认知量表得分无关。     

Vom Antigen zum Tumormarker Forschungsergebnisse zu PSA und ihre klinische Umsetzung

The determination of prostate-specific antigen is credited with dramatic advances in the early detection of men with prostatic carcinoma. This report summarizes the history of biochemical research and current status of prostate-specific antigen in tumor diagnostics.     

Peritubular cell-Sertoli cell interactions: factors involved in PmodS activity

The widespread occurrence of peritubular myoid cells in mammalian and other species suggests that they form an integral and functional component of the testis. Peritubular cells contribute to the contractile activity of testicular tubules and maintain mesenchymal-epithelial interactions with Sertoli cells both by cooperation in the deposition of extracellular matrix elements and by secretion of paracrine agonists. One of the most intriguing of these paracrine agonists is known as PModS (Peritubular factor that Modulates Sertoli cell function). The demonstration that, at least under some conditions, PModS production may be stimulated by androgens has led to the hypothesis that PModS may mediate part or all of the effects of androgens on Sertoli cells. The identity of PModS, however, remains elusive. Here we summarize data showing: (1) that production of PModS (-like factors) may not be limited to peritubular cells; (2) that the role of androgens in the control of PModS production remains controversial; (3) that other known mediators including IGF-I, bFGF, cytokines and heregulins mimic some or all of the effects of PModS; (4) that combinations of such growth factors have potent effects. It is concluded that, until PModS has been identified unambiguously, the hypothesis that it acts as an essential andromedin in the testis should be regarded with caution.     

对10种抗真菌药物的耐药监测及分析

目的 监测分析l0种抗真菌药物的耐药现状，以加强抗真菌药物的合理应用。方法 对我院2001年4月～2002年12月分离鉴定出的359株真菌．用目前常用的l0种抗真菌药物进行药物敏感试验和分析。结果 在l0种抗真菌药物中，耐药率最高的是灰黄霉素(耐药率87．3％～100％)，其次为氟康唑(42．8％-54．9%)和伊曲康唑(28．5％～50．9％)。结论 当前临床常用抗真菌药物的耐药菌株明显增多，特别是氟康唑、伊曲康唑耐药率增高，敏感率降低，应引起广大临床医生的高度重视。     

Differential scanning calorimetry differences in micronized and unmicronized nimesulide uptake processes in biomembrane models.

Nimesulide release from micronized and unmicronized drug particles was tested at pH 7.4 by measuring the transfer to dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes (multilamellar and unilamellar vesicles), chosen as a biomembrane model. The perturbing effect of increasing molar fractions of pure nimesulide on the thermotropic behaviour of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. In order to study the drug dissolution process by its uptake into void liposomes, measurements were carried out on suspensions of blank liposomes added to weighed amounts of free powdered nimesulide (micronized and unmicronized). The amount of drug transferred was quantified by comparing the effect caused by the dissolved and released drug to that caused by the free drug that had been previously molecularly dissolved in the liposomes. The calorimetric results show that the dissolution rate depends on the nimesulide form (micronized or unmicronized), and that the transfer to the void liposomes is quicker when the drug is in a micronized form. The uptake was faster when unilamellar vesicles were used instead of multilamellar vesicles because of the greater lipid surface. The calorimetric technique could represent an alternative 'in vitro' method that can be applied to the study of the dissolution kinetics directly at the site of drug uptake, mimicking a biological system.     

SSR181507, a dopamine D(2) receptor antagonist and 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist. I: Neurochemical and electrophysiological profile.

SSR181507 ((3-exo)-8-benzoyl-N-[[(2S)7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-1-yl]methyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3-methanamine monohydrochloride) is a novel tropanemethanamine benzodioxane derivative that possesses high and selective affinities for D2-like and 5-HT(1A) receptors (K(I)=0.8, 0.2, and 0.2 nM for human D(2), D(3), and 5-HT(1A), respectively). In vivo, SSR181507 inhibited [(3)H]raclopride binding to D(2) receptors in the rat (ID(50)=0.9 and 1 mg/kg, i.p. in limbic system and striatum, respectively). It displayed D(2) antagonist and 5-HT(1A) agonist properties in the same concentration range in vitro (IC(50)=5.3 nM and EC(50)=2.3 nM, respectively, in the GTPgammaS model) and in the same dose range in vivo (ED(50)=1.6 and 0.7 mg/kg, i.p. on striatal DA and 5-HT synthesis, respectively, and 0.03-0.3 mg/kg, i.v. on dorsal raphe nucleus firing rate). It selectively enhanced Fos immunoreactivity in mesocorticolimbic areas as compared to the striatum. This regional selectivity was confirmed in electrophysiological studies where SSR181507, given acutely (0.1-3 mg/kg, i.p.) or chronically (3 mg/kg, i.p., o.d., 22 days), increased or decreased, respectively, the number of spontaneous active DA cells in the ventral tegmental area, but not in the substantia nigra. Moreover, SSR181507 increased both basal and phasic DA efflux (as assessed by microdialysis and electrochemistry) in the medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens, but not in the striatum. This study shows that the combination of D(2) receptor antagonism and 5-HT(1A) agonism, in the same dose range, confers on SSR181507 a unique neurochemical and electrophysiological profile and suggests the potential of this compound for the treatment of the main dimensions of schizophrenia.