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Paul H. Lysaker Louanne W. Davis Gary J. Bryson Morris D. Bell 《Schizophrenia Research》2009,107(2-3):186-191
Designed to help persons with schizophrenia to persist and perform better at job placements, the Indianapolis Vocational Intervention Program (IVIP) is a program of cognitive-behavioral group and individual interventions. While its feasibility has been previously demonstrated, it is unknown whether IVIP assists persons to achieve greater levels of participation in vocational rehabilitation and higher levels of job performance. In this study, 100 participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were offered a six month job placement and randomized to receive IVIP (n = 50) or support services (n = 50) matched for treatment intensity. Number of hours worked was recorded weekly and job performance was assessed biweekly using the Work Behavior Inventory with raters blind to condition. t-tests revealed that participants in the IVIP group worked a significantly greater number of weeks than those in the support condition. Also, repeated measures ANOVA revealed the IVIP group worked more hours across that 26 week period as well. And with regards to work performance, repeated measures of the 56 participants who worked for at least two-thirds of the intervention revealed that participants in the IVIP group had generally better work performance than those in the support condition. Results suggest a connection between cognitive-behavioral interventions and higher levels of work performance in people with schizophrenia. 相似文献
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S D Phinney A B Tang C R Waggoner R G Tezanos-Pinto P A Davis 《The American journal of clinical nutrition》1991,53(6):1404-1410
Serum lipoproteins, body composition, and adipose cholesterol contents of six obese women were studied during and after major weight loss by very-low-calorie diets (VLCDs). Subjects started at 168 +/- 11% of ideal body weight, lost 30.3 +/- 3.7 kg in 5-7 mo, followed by 2+ mo in weight maintenance. Serum cholesterol fell from a prediet (baseline) value of 5.49 +/- 0.32 to 3.62 +/- 0.31 mmol/L (P less than 0.01) after 1-2 mo of VLCDs (nadir), after which it rose to 5.95 +/- 0.36 mmol/L (peak, P less than 0.01 compared with nadir and baseline) as weight loss continued. With weight maintenance, serum cholesterol fell to 4.92 +/- 0.34 mmol/L (P less than 0.05 compared with peak). Adipose cholesterol content did not change in peripheral (arm and leg) biopsy sites but rose significantly in abdominal adipose tissue with weight loss. We conclude that major weight loss was associated with a late rise in serum cholesterol, possibly from mobilization of adipose cholesterol stores, which resolved when weight loss ceased. 相似文献
25.
Child psychopathology and environmental influences: discrete life events versus ongoing adversity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
P S Jensen J Richters T Ussery L Bloedau H Davis 《Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry》1991,30(2):303-309
Patterns of exposure to distinct types of life stressors were compared between 134 children attending a military child psychiatric clinic and a matched military community control sample. Compared with the community sample, clinic-referred children had experienced significantly higher levels of normative stressful events as well as events confounded with their own adjustment and events related to parental psychosocial functioning. Differences in levels of normative stressful events were no longer significant, however, when controlling for events related to parental functioning. Ratings of stressful events during the past year significantly underestimated the lifetime stress exposure differences between clinic and community control children. Although normative stressful events, parent-related events, and parent symptomatology ratings were significantly related to child behavior problem ratings, normative stressful events did not contribute to predictions of child behavior problems beyond the variance attributable to parent-related events and parent symptomatology. Implications of these findings for life stress and child maladjustment research are discussed. 相似文献
26.
A Davis 《The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry》1989,23(1):59-66
The Levine-Pilowsky depression questionnaire was used to compare the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of depression in 176 patients admitted to a general hospital following a suicide attempt and 65 psychiatric inpatients with a diagnosis of major affective disorder. The study showed that despite significant age and sex differences there was a striking similarity between the groups on all measures of depression. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of these findings are discussed, and further research directions are suggested. 相似文献
27.
N S Davis 《The Prostate》1987,11(4):353-360
The finding of significant numbers of endocrine-paracrine (EP) cells in the prostate glands of guinea pigs and man suggests that these cells may be important in the regulation or modulation of prostatic function. Serotonin is a biogenic amine common to most prostatic EP cells. In order to extend current knowledge relating to these cells, an assay was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography to quantitate serotonin and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in guinea pig and human prostatic tissue extracts. Levels of serotonin and 5-HIAA in the guinea pig whole-gland preparation were 105.4 +/- 70.6 ng/g and 48.4 +/- 95.7 ng/g, respectively. Normal human prostatic tissue contained 1423.9 +/- 750.8 ng/g serotonin and 66.7 +/- 92.8 ng/g 5-HIAA. Recoveries ranged between 60 and 100%. The detection limits were 24 pg/injection for serotonin and 12 pg/injection for 5-HIAA. This assay provides an expeditious, specific and highly sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of monoamines in guinea pig and human prostatic tissue. 相似文献
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29.
Philip F. Giampietro MD PhD Margaret G. E. Peterson PhD Robert Schneider MD Jessica G. Davis MD Stephen W. Burke MD Oheneba Boachie-Adjei MD Charles M. Mueller PhD RD Cathleen L. Raggio MD 《HSS journal》2007,3(1):89-92
Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) was sporadically reported in patients with Marfan syndrome. This may or may not place the
Marfan patient at increased risk for bone fracture. In comparing the BMDs of our patients with those reported in the literature,
it seemed that agreement between values, and hence the degree of osteoporosis or osteopenia reported, was dependent on the
instrumentation used. The objective of this study was to statistically assess this impression. Bone mineral density measurements
from our previously published study of 30 adults with Marfan syndrome performed on a Lunar DPXL machine were compared with
studies published between 1993–2000 measured using either Lunar or Hologic bone densitometry instruments. The differences
of our measurements compared with those made on other Lunar machines were not statistically significant, but did differ significantly
with published results from Hologic machines (P < 0.001). Before progress can be made in the assessment of BMD and fracture risk in Marfan patients and in the evidence-based
orthopedic management of these patients, standardization of instrumental bone density determinations will be required along
with considerations of height, obesity, age, and sex. 相似文献
30.
David A. Davis 《Canadian Medical Association journal》2004,171(2):149-150