三种移植物关节镜下重建膝关节前交叉韧带效果比较：2年随访

目的:采用自体骨-髌韧带、自体双股半腱肌腱半膜肌及同种异体跟腱移植重建膝关节前交叉韧带,比较不同移植物的临床疗效。方法:选择1998-06/2003-02中山大学附属第三医院骨科单纯前交叉韧带损伤后行关节镜下重建手术病例96例,患者均签署知情同意书。根据不同移植物分为3组:①自体骨-髌韧带组38例,应用自体中1/3骨-髌韧带-骨移植物。②自体双股半腱肌腱股薄肌腱组22例,应用自体双股半腱肌腱股薄肌腱。③同种异体跟腱组36例,应用同种异体跟腱。术后定期随访,对膝关节活动度、肌力恢复程度、Werner髌股痛评分(最差为0分,最高为55分)、Lysholm评分(0～100分,分数越高膝关节功能恢复越好)、国际膝关节文献委员会评分(按病情严重程度分类分为正常、接近正常、异常、严重异常4个等级)等进行对比观察。结果:①96例患者随访2年,无脱落。②全部患者无感染,未发生髌骨骨折。也未发现关节内粘连、下肢深静脉血栓形成和血管神经损伤等并发症。③膝关节活动度、肌力恢复情况、髌股痛评分:随访结束时3组差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。④Lysholm膝关节评分:随访结束时自体骨-髌韧带组由术前(68.2±6.3)分提高至(88.6±6.8)分,自体双股半腱肌腱股薄肌腱组由术前(66.5±6.5)分提高至(86.4±6.6)分,同种异体跟腱组由术前(68.2±6.3)分提高至(86.3±6.2)分,随访结束时各组评分均显著高于术前(P<0.05),3组比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。⑤国际膝关节文献委员会评分(术后活动水平正常或接近正常):随访结束时自体骨-髌韧带组为87%,自体双股半腱肌腱股薄肌腱组为86%,同种异体跟腱组为89%,各组移植术后膝关节功能均有所改善,3组间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:关节镜下采用自体骨-髌韧带、自体双股半腱肌腱股薄肌腱和同种异体跟腱移植重建前交叉韧带,均能明显改善膝关节运动功能,3种移植方法的临床疗效无明显差异,提示重建前交叉韧带的术后疗效与移植物种类的相关性不明显。     

无牙颌颞下颌关节紊乱病患者总义齿修复前后咬合垂直距离改变与髁状突在关节凹内位置的关系

目的:观察咬合垂直距离改变对无牙颌颞下颌关节紊乱病患者两侧颞颌关节髁状突位置的影响。方法:于1994-01/1997-12选择本院口腔修复门诊收治的无牙颌患者中符合颞下颌关节紊乱病诊断标准,同时垂直距离减低的患者48例。实验方案经医院伦理委员会审批,患者均知情同意。将48例无牙颌颞下颌关节紊乱病患者根据垂直距离减低程度的不同分为3组:减低1.8～6.0mm组18例,减低6.1～10.0mm组20例,减低10.1￣14.0mm组10例。通过重新制作一副全口义齿的方法治疗,咬合垂直距离恢复在合适的范围内,3组全口义齿的咬合垂直距离恢复前分别平均为63.4,60.6,54.2mm,恢复后咬合垂直距离分别平均为67.8,68.4,66.4mm,平均抬高4.4,7.8,12.2mm。通过拍摄正中颌位时颞下颌关节薛氏位X射线片测量各组前、后、上关节间隙。结果:垂直距离恢复前,减低1.8～6.0mm组关节后间隙,减低6.1～10.0mm组关节前、后间隙、减低10.1￣14.0mm组关节上、后间隙左右侧相比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。垂直距离恢复后,3组关节间隙左右侧差异无显著性意义。结论:无牙颌咬合垂直距离减低后可以导致两侧髁状突位置发生不对称改变。     

Effect of menstrual cycle phase on dopamine D2 receptor availability in female cynomolgus monkeys

Sex differences have been reported in a variety of affective and neurodegenerative disorders that involve dysfunctional dopamine (DA) neurotransmission. In addition, there is evidence for differences in sensitivity to the abuse-related effects of psychostimulants across the menstrual cycle which may result from effects of ovarian hormones on DA function. The goal of the present study was to extend previous work examining menstrual cycle-related changes in DA D2 receptor availability in humans to drug-naive female cynomolgus monkeys (n=7) using the selective D2-like receptor ligand [(18)F]fluoroclebopride (FCP) and a high-resolution microPET P4 scanner. Menstrual cycle phase was characterized by daily vaginal swabs and measurements of serum progesterone levels. PET studies were conducted once during the luteal phase and once during the follicular phase. Regions of interest in the caudate nucleus, putamen, and cerebellum were defined on coregistered MRIs. Distribution volumes were calculated for FCP in each structure and the distribution volume ratio (DVR) for both brain regions relative to the cerebellum was used as a measure of D2 receptor availability. FCP DVRs were significantly higher in the luteal phase compared to the follicular phase in both the caudate nucleus (11.7% difference, p=0.02) and putamen (11.6% difference, p=0.03). These findings extend earlier work in humans and suggest that changes in DA receptor availability may be involved in the variation in symptoms of various neuropsychiatric disorders across the menstrual cycle, including differences in sensitivity to the abuse-related effects of stimulants.     

Risk factors and predictors of Torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction receiving Dofetilide

The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors of Torsade de pointes (TdP) ventricular tachycardia in patients medicated with a class III antiarrhythmic drug (dofetilide) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction with heart failure (HF) or recent myocardial infarction (MI). The 2 Danish Investigations of Arrhythmia and Mortality on Dofetilide (DIAMOND) studies enrolled patients with HF (DIAMOND-HF) or MI (DIAMOND-MI) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The present analysis includes only patients treated solely with dofetilide. The incidence of TdP was 2.1% (32 of 1,511). Twenty-five of the incidences occurred in the DIAMOND-HF study and 7 cases in the DIAMOND-MI study (p = 0.0015). TdP was more frequent in women than in men (47% vs 28%, p = 0.02). Risk factors for developing TdP were female gender (odds ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0 to 5.0), MI within 8 weeks (odds ratio 0.3, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.7), being in New York Heart Association class III or IV (odds ratio 3.2, 95% CI 1.2 to 8.6), and baseline QTc duration (odds ratio 1.14, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.30) per 10 ms. Women with chronic HF, QTc duration >400 ms. and New York Heart Association class III or IV had a risk of TdP of 10%, whereas no TdP episodes were observed in patients with QTc duration <400 ms. In conclusion, severity of HF, female gender, and QTc duration make it possible to identify patients with a high risk of early TdP when treated with dofetilide. Patients with recent MI less often had TdP compared with patients with chronic HF.     

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase is involved in the induction of the human sperm acrosome reaction downstream of tyrosine phosphorylation

In somatic cells phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) is activated upon interaction with both receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and G- proteins resulting in the production of moieties involved in the inositol phospholipid signalling pathway. As G proteins, RTK and the inositol phospholipids have all been implicated in the human sperm acrosome reaction, experiments were carried out to determine whether PI 3-kinase was also involved in this phenomenon. Wortmannin is a selective inhibitor of PI 3-kinase and was shown to significantly inhibit the acrosome reaction induced by both mannose-bovine serum albumin (mannose-BSA) (10, 50 and 100 nM) and a polyclonal antibody raised against an extracellular region of the sperm zona receptor kinase (ZRK, at 100 nM only). Wortmannin did not inhibit the A23187- or progesterone-induced acrosome reaction. These results suggest that PI 3- kinase is involved in the human sperm acrosome reaction. The levels of tyrosine phosphorylation of sperm proteins as detected by Western blotting using antiphosphotyrosine antibodies was not affected by wortmannin in agonist (A23187 and mannose-BSA)-stimulated spermatozoa. This indicated that PI 3-kinase operates downstream of tyrosine phosphorylation in the signal transduction cascade which leads to the human sperm acrosome reaction.