Stereotactic localization of breast lesions.

The author describes a method of localizing nonpalpable breast lesions by transferring measurements from craniocaudal- and lateral-view radiographs to the breast itself in order to determine needle placement. In the more than 100 attempted cases, the lesion has been specifically localized, usually within 1 cm of the needle tip. Percutaneous biopsy can be carried out with the first needle used as a guide wire for the biopsy needle.     

Effect of filmed modeling on the self-reported frequency of masturbation

Forty-eight female college students were asked to complete a sexual attitudes questionnaire in which a frequency of masturbation scale was embedded. Twenty-four of the women (the experimental group) then individually viewed an explicit modeling film involving female masturbation. One month later, all subjects again completed the same questionnaire. Subjects in the experimental group also completed a questionnaire evaluating aspects of the film. Results indicated that the experimental group reported a significant increase in the average monthly frequency of masturbation, as compared to the control group. This same group, however, reported that the film had no effect on sexual attitudes or behavior. The inconsistency of these results is discussed in terms of several possible hypotheses.     

Cianidanol ( [+]-cyanidanol-3) prevents the development of abdominal adhesions in rats

Abdominal adhesions were experimentally induced in rats by gentle scraping. Severe adhesions developed in 38.7% of the control animals. The flavonoid cianidanol ( [+]-cyanidanol-3), an in vitro inhibitor of procollagen production, was administered intragastrically or intraperitoneally in doses of 9 to 72 mg per rat. Administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 36 or 72 mg per rat, cianidanol substantially inhibited adhesion formulation, when given immediately, three days, or five days after surgery. Oral administration of the drug was less effective in preventing the formation of adhesions. Thimerosal, another connective-tissue inhibitor, was found to be toxic at doses of 2.5 or 5 mg per rat, and its effect on the prevention of adhesion formation was poor. The ability of cianidanol to inhibit the development of abdominal adhesions in rats suggests that a possible approach to treatment is to inhibit the production of procollagen and thus prevent the formation of the collagenous fibers that are the cause of adhesions.     

The ocular anti-inflammatory action of imidazole.

Imidazole administered intraperitoneally to albino rabbits at a dose of 250 mg. per kilogram inhibited the rise of aqueous humor protein concentration by approximately 50 per cent 30 minutes after paracentesis. Systemic imidazole administered daily to albino rabbits injected with intravitreal Shigella endotoxin decreased the conjunctival and iris hyperemia and reduced the anterior chamber cell and flare and the haziness of the optical media. Systemically administered imidazole had no effect on the aqueous humor concentrations of c-AMP or c-GMP in the rabbit. In vitro studies of rabbit ciliary body-iris phosphodiesterase activity indicated no effect of imidazole at a concentration of 10(-3) molar.     

The Abortion and Sterilization Act in 1975--experience of the Johannesburg Hospital Pregnancy Advisory Clinic

The experience of a Pregnancy Advisory Service operating in terms of the Abortion and Sterilization Act of 1975 is reviewed. A total of 454 applications for abortion were considered, of which 198 (44%) were accepted and the abortions performed. The urgent need for sex education at schools, colleges and universities is stressed, in view of the large number of scholars and students under the age of 17 who seek an abortion. There are also patients who discontinue contraception for a variety of reasons, on medical advice or otherwise, without an alternative being suggested or sought. Motivation of patient, nurse and doctor needs urgent improvement.     

Neuronal development in the medullary reticular formation in sudden infant death syndrome and premature infants

Morphological and morphometrical development of the neurons in the medullary reticular formation was observed in control, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and prematurely born infants, using Golgi stains. With increasing gestational age, in controls dendrites became long, spines increased and the distribution of spines assumed a mature pattern. The number of spines reached a peak at 34 to 36 weeks gestation and after birth it decreased rapidly. Term and prematurely born SIDS infants showed a persistence of reticular dendritic spines. On the other hand, ventilator-dependent prematurely born infants had decreased numbers of dendritic spines with thin dendrites and long, thin spines. Persistence of reticular dendritic spines in SIDS infants may suggest incomplete development to the mature, higher level of respiratory control. Spine abnormalities in the ventilator-dependent prematurely born infants may indicate secondary neuronal changes in the reticular formation.     

Untersuchungen zum Stoffwechselverhalten von131J-Polyvinylpyrrolidon im menschlichen K?rper

Zusammenfassung Nach i. v. Injektion von 10 bis 20 mg¹³¹J-Polyvinylpyrrolidon (¹³¹J-PVP) wurde am Menschen neben der Abwanderung aus dem Blutplasmaraum die Gesamtkörper-Retention und Exkretion des¹³¹J mit dem Hamburger 4-Großraum-Radioaktivitäts-Detektor mit flüßigem organischem Szintillator gemessen.Das i. v. injizierte¹³¹J-PVP (Molekulargewicht 30000) verschwindet mit einer biologischen Halbwertzeit (= BHZ) von 13 Std sehr schnell aus dem Blutplasmaraum und wird zu 56–60% mit dem Harn während der ersten Tage ausgeschieden. Etwa 39% der als¹³¹J-PVP injizierten¹³¹J-Menge werden mit einer biologischen Gesamtkörper-Halbwertzeit von 60 Tagen ausgeschieden. Da diese BHZ mit der BHZ der organischen Jodphase beim Menschen ( 64 Tage;Heinrich u.Gabbe, 1964) praktisch identisch ist und von jodidblockierten Personen 32% der als¹³¹J-PVP injizierten¹³¹J-Menge mit einer Gesamtkörper-BHZ von nur 39 Tagen ausgeschieden werden, wird gefolgert, daß die in das reticuloendotheliale System (RES) eingelagerten 32% der¹³¹J-PVP-Testdosis ihre Jodmarkierung mit einer BHZ von 39 Tagen abspalten (1,8%/Tag) und das PVP selbst mit einer sehr viel längeren BHZ (Jahre ?) im RES gespeichert bleibt.Da selbst kleinste Mengen (10–20 mg) eines PVP-Präparates mit dem MG30000 sehr schnell durch Harnexkretion und RES-Dauerspeicherung aus dem Blutplasma mit einer BHZ von 13 Std eliminiert werden, dürfte es grundsätzlich unmöglich sein, mit einem Blutplasma-Ersatzmittel auf PVP-Basis die Stoffwechsel-Eigenschaften eines idealen Plasmaexpanders zu erreichen.Für die Diagnostik des Serumprotein-Verlustes bei der exsudativen Gastroenteropathie bietet die Verwendung von¹³¹J-PVP gegenüber der Benutzung von¹³¹J-Human-Serumalbumin keine wesentlichen Vorteile, da das¹³¹J-PVP in vitro und in vivo ständig¹³¹J- abspaltet (1,8%/Tag) und sich in seinem Stoffwechselverhalten beträchtlich von den Serumproteinen unterscheidet.

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Summary The whole body retention and excretion of¹³¹I was studied in human beings after the intravenous injection of 10–20 mg¹³¹I-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP: molecular weight 30000) using a 4 whole body radioactivity detector with liquid organic scintillators.The injected¹³¹I-PVP disappears with a biological half life (BHL) of 13 hours very rapidly from the blood plasma space. Between 56 and 60% of the injected¹³¹I-PVP are excreted with the urine during the first days. About 39% of the injected¹³¹I are eliminated from the whole body with a BHL of 60 days, which is practically identical with the BHL of the organic iodine phase in man ( 64 days). Iodide blocked persons excrete about 32% of the¹³¹I (which was injected as¹³¹I-PVP) with a whole body BHL of only 39 days. From these and other data it was concluded that 32% of the injected¹³¹I-PVP are incorporated into the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and loose their¹³¹I-label there with a BHL of about 39 days (1.8%/day), whereas the PVP itself is stored in the RES with a very long BHL of probably years.Since even smallest amounts (10–20 mg) of a PVP-preparation with a molecular weight of 30000 are rapidly eliminated from the blood plasma space (BHL 13 hours) via urinary excretion and permanent RES storage it is concluded that it will be principally impossible to approach the metabolic behaviour of an ideal plasma expander with blood plasma substitutes which are based on PVP.For the diagnosis of serumprotein loss into the gastro-intestinal tract in exsudative gastroenteropathy¹³¹I-PVP is not at all superior to¹³¹I labelled human serum albumin, since¹³¹I-PVP is unstable and looses in vitro as well as in vivo per day 1.8% of its¹³¹I label. In addition the metabolism of¹³¹I-PVP is completely different from the metabolism of serum proteins in man.