Beiträge zum Studium des Geflügelpestvirus und der von diesem Virus in Rumänien in den Jahren 1941 bis 1944 bedingten Krankheit

Ohne ZusammenfassungVgl. hierzuZ. Dinter, Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die atypische und die klassische Hühnerpest, dieses Archiv, Band III, S. 207, 1944.     

Dobutamine stress thallium-201 single-photon emission tomography versus echocardiography for evaluation of the extent and location of coronary artery disease late after myocardial infarction

Dobutamine stress echocardiography and thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy are clinically useful methods for the evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the relative merits of these imaging modalities in the evaluation of the extent of CAD after myocardial infarction have not been well studied. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of dobutamine stress echocardiography and simultaneous ²⁰¹Tl single-photon emission tomography (SPET) imaging for the diagnosis and localization of CAD late after acute myocardial infarction. Dobutamine (up to 40 μg kg^–1 min^–1)-atropine (up to 1 mg) stress echocardiography in conjunction with stress-reinjection ²⁰¹Tl SPET was performed for the evaluation of myocardial ischaemia in 90 patients with previous myocardial infarction who underwent coronary angiography. Significant CAD was predicted on bases of myocardial ischemia (new or worsening wall motion abnormalities on echocardiography and reversible perfusion defects on ²⁰¹Tl SPET). Significant CAD (≥ 50% luminal diameter stenosis) was detected in 73 (81%) patients. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of echocardiography in detecting remote ischaemia for the diagnosis of remote CAD (present in 53 patients) were, respectively, 79% (CI 70%–88%), 85% (CI 77%–93%) and 81% (CI 73%–90%), while the corresponding figures for ²⁰¹Tl SPET were 75% (CI 66%–85%), 78% (CI 69%–87%) and 76% (CI 67%–86%) respectively (P = NS vs echocardiography). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of echocardiography in detecting peri-infarction ischaemia for the diagnosis of infarct-related artery stenosis (present in 70 patients) were, rspectively, 77% (CI 68%–86%), 85% (CI 78%–92%) and 79% (CI 70%–87%) while the corresponding figures for ²⁰¹Tl SPET were 73% (CI 64%–82%), 85% (CI 78%–92%) and 76% (CI 67%–84%) respectively (P = NS vs echocardiography). The agreement between the two methods for the diagnosis of peri-infarction and remote ischaemia was 70% (kappa = 0.37) and 80% (kappa = 0.59) respectively. It is concluded that dobutamine stress echocardiography and ²⁰¹Tl SPET have comparable accuracy for the diagnosis of infarct related and remote CAD in patients with previous myocardial infarction. The agreement between the methods is higher for the diagnosis of remote CAD than for that of peri-infarction ischaemia. Received 17 October 1998 and in revised form 5 January 1999     

Pain and denture condition in edentulous orodyskinesia: Comparisons with tardive dyskinesia and control subjects

Edentulous orodyskinesia (ED) is a neglected source of aimless oral movements that may be confused with tardive dyskinesia (TD). We attempted to clarify the clinical features, significance, and orodental factors in relation to ED. Fourteen ED subjects, 13 TD patients, and 15 age‐matched controls self‐assessed their oral pain perception, condition, and function using a visual analogue scale. Dyskinesias were classified and rated by a neurologist. Perioral thermal and pressure pain threshold studies, and a standardized orodental examination, were conducted blind to subject group. The perceived oral pain level was low in all groups, and those reporting a significant intensity level of pain (≥50th percentile) were few. The pain thresholds in both dyskinetic groups were comparable to control values. All ED cases wore a complete set of dentures, considered a current source of problems by 85.7% of them. ED cases commonly displayed inadequate dental occlusal relationship (P = 0.014 vs. controls; P = 0.036 vs. TD) and an overclosed vertical dimension (P = 0.006 vs. controls) as well as unstable and unretentive dentures. ED was limited to the oral region, spared the tongue when the mouth is open, and was never severe in our patients. ED has distinct movement characteristics and is often associated with inadequate dentures and biomechanical sources of denture instability. The contribution of the foregoing findings to the expression of oral dyskinesia warrants further studies. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society     

Down syndrome in the northeastern Netherlands; expectations and reality 1981-1986

Down syndrome is caused by presence in triplicate of (a part of) chromosome 21, usually on the basis of a standard trisomy-21. The risk of a child's having a standard trisomy-21 depends on the mother's age. On the basis of the maternal age distribution and age-specific risks, the expected number of neonates with Down syndrome born in 1981-1986 in the EUROCAT region North-East Netherlands is calculated. The number of neonates with Down syndrome registered with EUROCAT does not differ to a statistically significant extent from the expected number. The influence of the rising age-specific fertility in women over 28 years of age and the effect of the moving-up of the increasingly large birth cohorts 1945-1965 are discussed. If the uptake rate for prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis remains constant, these factors will in the next few years lead to an increase of the prevalence of Down syndrome among full-term infants.     

Dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra modulate preproenkephalin A gene expression in rat striatal neurons

The messenger RNA coding for preproenkephalin A (PPA) was detected by in situ hybridization in striatal neurons in normal rats and in rats having had the right substantia nigra destroyed by an injection of 6-hydroxydopamine or by electrolysis. Animals were killed 15, 30, 45 and 70 days following the lesion. A double-stranded PPA cDNA and a single-stranded PPA cRNA labeled with 32P or 35S were used as probes to detect the PPA mRNA in brain sections. The controls demonstrated the specificity of the labeling. The darkening of X-ray film in contact with the striatum was appraised, the optical density was measured, and the density of the cells expressing the PPA gene in sections was calculated using an image analyzer. The mean number of silver grains per labeled cell (reflecting the number of PPA mRNA copies per cell) was also calculated using an image analyzer. The 6-hydroxydopamine lesion which destroyed all dopaminergic neurons in the right substantia nigra, provoked a large increase in the number of PPA mRNA copies in enkephalin neurons of the right striatum, and decreased the number of cells expressing the PPA mRNA in the left striatum. These variations substantia nigra provoked similar variations, but less intense.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Spontaneous luteinizing hormone surges can be reliably prevented by the timely administration of a gonadotrophin releasing hormone antagonist (Nal-Glu) during the late follicular phase.

A new gonadotrophin releasing hormone antagonist (Nal-Glu) was used during the late follicular phase of the natural cycle in order to prevent spontaneous surges of luteinizing hormone (LH). Eight regularly ovulating women (group 1) received two injections of Nal-Glu (5 mg) administered 48 h apart when plasma oestradiol levels exceeded 125 pg/ml. Human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG, 225 IU) was administered simultaneously with Nal-Glu and repeated every 12 h thereafter until either a spontaneous LH surge occurred or human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG, 5000 IU) was administered. HCG was arbitrarily administered 48 h after the second Nal-Glu injection. Six other women (group 2) receiving only HMG served as controls. In seven of the eight women in group 1, LH and progesterone remained low for 96 h following Nal-Glu, i.e. until HCG administration. In the remaining woman in this group, LH started to rise 12 h before HCG injection. In this group, Nal-Glu did not interfere with follicular development or the plasma profile of oestradiol. All women developed one single dominant follicle with the exception of one subject who had already spontaneously developed two dominant follicles prior to administration of Nal-Glu and HMG. In group 2, LH rose spontaneously in all women before the planned HCG injection. The luteal phase was apparently not altered by Nal-Glu. These results suggest that Nal-Glu administration during the late follicular phase of natural cycles supported by HMG, can prevent the spontaneous LH surge while not interfering with follicular growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)