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61.
Background: Obesity/overweight is a recognized risk factor for a host of disorders. The disease risk stratification is commonly based on the Quetelets Index (Body Mass Index-BMI), a surrogate measure of fatness. The currently used BMI cut-offs to classify people as overweight or obese in Armed Forces have been defined in studies on Caucasian populations. However, because of differences in body structure and composition in different ethnic, socioeconomic, cultural and regional groups the correspondence between BMI and body fat content varies between populations. We conducted this pilot study in the Indian Navy to define BMI cut-offs for overweight and obesity using body fat content derived from Skin Fold Thickness as the standard. 相似文献
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Background
The pathogenesis of HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is poorly understood. We examined markers of oxidative stress, plasma antioxidants and liver disease in HIV/HCV‐coinfected and HIV‐monoinfected adults.Methods
Demographics, medical history, and proof of infection with HIV, hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCV were obtained. HIV viral load, CD4 cell count, complete blood count (CBC), complete metabolic panel, lipid profile, and plasma concentrations of zinc, selenium, and vitamins A and E were determined. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase concentrations were obtained as measures of oxidative stress. Aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis index (FIB‐4) markers were calculated.Results
Significant differences were found between HIV/HCV‐coinfected and HIV‐monoinfected participants in levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (mean±standard deviation: 51.4±50.6 vs. 31.9±43.1 U/L, respectively; P=0.014), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (56.2±40.9 vs. 34.4±30.2 U/L; P<0.001), APRI (0.52±0.37 vs. 0.255±0.145; P=0.0001), FIB‐4 (1.64±.0.91 vs. 1.03±0.11; P=0.0015) and plasma albumin (3.74±0.65 vs. 3.94±0.52 g/dL; P=0.038). There were no significant differences in CD4 cell count, HIV viral load or antiretroviral therapy (ART) between groups. Mean MDA was significantly higher (1.897±0.835 vs. 1.344± 0.223 nmol/mL, respectively; P=0.006) and plasma antioxidant concentrations were significantly lower [vitamin A, 39.5 ± 14.1 vs. 52.4±16.2 μg/dL, respectively (P=0.0004); vitamin E, 8.29±2.1 vs. 9.89±4.5 μg/mL (P=0.043); zinc, 0.61±0.14 vs. 0.67±0.15 mg/L (P=0.016)] in the HIV/HCV‐coinfected participants than in the HIV‐monoinfected participants, and these differences remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, CD4 cell count, HIV viral load, injecting drug use and race. There were no significant differences in glutathione peroxidase concentration, selenium concentration, body mass index (BMI), alcohol use or tobacco use between groups. Glutathione peroxidase concentration significantly increased as liver disease advanced, as measured by APRI (β=0.00118; P=0.0082) and FIB‐4 (β=0.0029; P=0.0177). Vitamin A concentration significantly decreased (β=?0.00581; P=0.0417) as APRI increased.Conclusion
HIV/HCV coinfection is associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased plasma antioxidant concentrations compared with HIV monoinfection. Research is needed to determine whether antioxidant supplementation delays liver disease in HIV/HCV coinfection.65.
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Morey Haymond Anne-Marie Kappelgaard Paul Czernichow Beverly MK Biller Koji Takano Wieland Kiess The participants in the global advisory panel meeting on the effects of growth hormone 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》2013,102(8):787-796
Normal growth is a sign of good health. Monitoring for growth disturbances is fundamental to children's health care. Early detection and diagnosis of the causes of short stature allows management of underlying medical conditions, optimizing attainment of good health and normal adult height.
Conclusion
This review summarizes currently available information on monitoring for short stature in children and conditions usually associated with short stature and summarizes the authors’ conclusions on the early recognition of growth disorders. 相似文献67.
Microglandular adenosis (MGA) and atypical MGA (AMGA) are unusual lesions of the breast. They were once regarded as benign proliferative lesions and innocent bystanders. Several lines of evidence suggested that they could be neoplastic, clonal lesions and a non‐obligate precursor for triple‐negative breast cancers (TNBC). Recent work published in The Journal of Pathology by Guerini‐Rocco and colleagues provided further evidence regarding the precursor–product relationship between MGA/AMGA and TNBC. Using a massively parallel sequencing approach, they demonstrated that MGA/AMGA, particularly those associated with TNBC, could be clonal neoplastic lesions showing clonal non‐synonymous mutations, but none in pure MGA. Importantly, those alterations were observed in the associated TNBC. They were also able to identify recurrent alterations in TP53 in those MGA/AMGA cases as well as their associated TNBC. The findings, in conjunction with others, underscore the significance for MGA in clinical diagnosis. The potential of a benign lesion to progress into an aggressive malignant tumour implies that modification of the current management approach may be necessary. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Background
The relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been controversial. Recent studies have revealed adverse impact of antidiabetic drugs on BMD in type 2 diabetic patients. However, the influence of various antihyperglycaemic agents on BMD has not been well studied.Method
A total of 200 patients with T2DM were screened initially for the study. Finally 67 patients (M:34, F:33) who satisfied the requirement of having been on one year of prescribed therapy were included for analysis.Results
Bone mineral density was lower in diabetic patients as compared to controls (hip 0.962 ± 0.167 g/cm2 vs 1.013 ± 0.184 g/cm2, P = 0.05; spine 0.929 ± 0.214 g/cm2 vs 1.113 ± 0.186 g/cm2, P < 0.00001). In males BMD was significantly lower at spine (P < 0.00001) and in females BMD was significantly lower in both at the spine (P < 0.00001) and hip (P < 0.032). On multivariate analysis significant positive correlation was found between spine BMD and body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.372, P = 0.002), total cholesterol (r = 0.272, P = 0.026), low-density lipoprotein (r = 0.242, P = 0.047), and triglycerides (r = 0.282, P = 0.021). There was no correlation between BMD and glycosylated haemoglobin (r = 0.158, P = 0.265). A significant decrease in BMD at spine and hip was seen with the use of glitazones and metformin while increase was noted with sulphonylurea and its combination.Conclusion
Men and women with T2DM have lower BMD. Bone mineral density did not have correlation to glycaemic control. Glitazones, metformin, and insulin are associated with decrease in BMD at spine, and hip, while sulphonylureas are associated with increase in BMD.Key Words: antihyperglycaemic drugs, bone mineral density, type 2 diabetes mellitus 相似文献70.