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Markos Leggas Clinton F Stewart Michael H Woo Maryam Fouladi Pamela J Cheshire Jennifer K Peterson Henry S Friedman Catherine Billups Peter J Houghton 《Clinical cancer research》2002,8(9):3000-3007
Irofulven is a novel, small molecular weight semisynthetic compound, derived from a family of mushroom toxins known as illudins. This DNA alkylating agent has a chemical structure unlike any other chemotherapeutic agent in clinical use. The molecule is currently being studied in several Phase I, II, and III trials. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antitumor activity of Irofulven in a panel of 20 pediatric solid tumor xenografts and to relate the Irofulven systemic exposure, defined as area under the concentration time curve, to the antitumor dose associated with tumor regression in the tumor models. Irofulven was administered i.v. daily for 5 days with courses repeated every 21 days for a total of three cycles. The minimum effective dose of Irofulven causing objective regression (> or =50% volume regression) of advanced tumors was determined for each of 19 of 20 independently derived tumor models (12 brain tumors, 4 neuroblastomas, and 4 rhabdomyosarcomas). At the maximum tolerated dose for three cycles of treatment (4.6 mg/kg/day) objective regressions were determined in 14 of 18 tumor lines (78%). However, the dose-response relationship was acute. At 2 mg/kg only 3 of 15 tumors tested demonstrated objective regressions, and in 3 additional tumors volume regressions were not achieved at a higher dose level (3 mg/kg), hence were not additionally tested. After administering the maximum tolerated dose (tolerated for one or two cycles of treatment) of Irofulven, 7 mg/kg, to mice bearing sensitive and resistant human tumors plasma concentration-time profiles were determined. Tumors were highly sensitive to Irofulven, but the systemic exposure required for a significant rate of objective response in this panel of tumors is in excess of that achievable in patients at tolerable doses, using this schedule of drug administration. 相似文献
84.
Amy K Ferketich Mira L Katz Ross M Kauffman Electra D Paskett Stanley Lemeshow Judith A Westman Steven K Clinton Clara D Bloomfield Mary Ellen Wewers 《The Journal of rural health》2008,24(1):84-90
PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to estimate tobacco use prevalence among the Amish in Holmes County, Ohio, using both self-report and a biochemical marker of nicotine exposure. METHODS: Amish adults (n=134) were interviewed as part of a lifestyle study. Self-reported tobacco use was measured using standardized questions, and cotinine was measured from a saliva sample. The prevalence of smoking, total tobacco use, and misclassification were estimated separately by gender, and then compared to 2 non-Amish groups. One group was selected from 2 counties contained within the Holmes County Amish settlement (n=154) and the other was representative of non-Hispanic whites in the United States (n=4,099). FINDINGS: No Amish women reported current tobacco use and only 2 reported former use. This was significantly different (P<.0001) from the patterns observed among non-Amish in the settlement counties (15.7%) and US white (23.3%) women. The prevalence of tobacco use among Amish men was 17.6% and this was significantly lower than estimates from non-Amish in the settlement counties (38.8%, P=.04) and US white (32.2%, P=.005) men. No Amish women and only 2 Amish men underreported tobacco use and misclassification was similar in the comparison groups. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco use is significantly lower among adults in the largest Amish settlement in the world compared to their non-Amish neighbors in Appalachia Ohio and US whites. A strength of this study is that self report was verified with a marker of nicotine, a critical measure to include in any study conducted in a group that stigmatizes tobacco use. 相似文献
85.
Christov K Shilkaitis A Green A Mehta RG Grubbs C Kelloff G Lubet R 《Breast cancer research and treatment》2000,60(2):117-128
Vorozole (Vz) is a competitive non-steroidal inhibitor of aromatase, which has been used to treat breast cancer in postmenopausal women and in various chemoprevention pre-clinical studies. Recently, we assessed the inhibitory effect of Vz on Mnu-induced mammary carcinogenesis (Lubet et al., 1994), as well as on the progression of mammary tumors (Lubet et al., 1998). In this study we evaluated the effects of Vz on tumor growth, serum estradiol, cell proliferation, apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death to determine whether any of these 'surrogate markers might reflect the efficacy of various doses of Vz. Vz at doses of 2.5 (Hi), 0.32 (Md), and 0.08 (Lo) mg/kg body weight induced complete (100%), 60%, and 20% regression of mammary tumors, respectively. Vz at Hi and Md doses caused a decrease in serum estradiol within the first two days of treatment, and the estradiol values remained low with additional treatment for 4 and 10 days. When Vz was administered to animals bearing palpable tumors a time and dose-dependent decrease in the proliferating cells (BrdU-LI) was observed. The percentage of apoptotic cells (Al) sharply increased 2 days after initiation of Vz treatment and then decreased followed by an increase in non-apoptotic dead cells. Interestingly even the Lo dose of Vz, which was only moderately effective in suppressing tumor growth, decreased cell proliferation and increased cell death in the peripheral tumor areas at 4 and 10 days after initiation of treatment. The time- and dose-dependent alterations in various cell parameters suggest two different phases of Vz-induced cellular responses: (1) an early phase (2–4 days of treatment) with a sharp increase in apoptotic cells and decrease in proliferating cells, and (2) a later phase (10 days) with disintegration of tumor parenchyma, increase in non-apoptotic dead cells, and decrease in apoptotic cells. The dose-dependent decrease in proliferating cells and increase in apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death in Vz-treated animals suggest that these biomarkers might be used as potential surrogate endpoints for efficacy in breast cancer chemoprevention and therapy studies with aromatase inhibitors. 相似文献
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87.
Patricia Tato A. Clinton White Jr. Kaethe Willms Daniel Rodríguez Sandra Solano Jorge Sepúlveda J. L. Molinari 《Parasitology research》1996,82(7):590-597
Subcutaneous implantation of Taenia
solium metacestodes in mice induces an inflammatory reaction made up mainly of neutrophils and eosinophils after 12 days. Administration
of a small RNA-peptide (metacestode factor, MF) purified from T.
solium metacestodes significantly reduces the inflammatory site in both size and composition, yielding a very low number of eosinophils.
The metacestodes implanted in control mice were completely destroyed and their remnants were surrounded by an intense inflammation
predominantly made up of neutrophils and eosinophils. In contrast, metacestodes implanted in mice treated with MF showed apparently
intact suckers, rostellum, hooks, and tegument. Inhibition of inflammation around the parasites was also observed in mice
immunized with T. solium metacestode antigens and inoculated simultaneously with MF. Mice immunized only with T. solium metacestode antigens produced a granulomatous process around metacestodes that destroyed most of the large metacestode structures:
suckers, rostellum, hooks, and tegument-wall tissues. Furthermore, treatment of mice with MF or implanted metacestodes decreased
the antibody (P<0.05) and cellular responses (P<0.05) to metacestode antigens. The antibody response was even lower when both of these treatments were given simultaneously.
These findings support the idea that MF plays a key role in the down-regulation of the host immune response, contributing
to the parasite’s survival.
Received: 31 January 1996 / Accepted: 15 April 1996 相似文献
88.
Clinton F. Stewart William C. Zamboni William R. Crom Amar Gajjar Richard L. Heideman Wayne L. Furman William H. Meyer Peter J. Houghton Charles B. Pratt 《Investigational new drugs》1996,14(1):37-47
Topotecan, irinotecan, and 9-aminocamptothecin (9-AC) are analogs of the plant alkaloid 20(S)-camptothecin (CMT), the prototypical DNA topoisomerase I interactive agent. These agents interact with the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and prevent resealing topoisomerase I-mediated DNA single-strand breaks. This eventual leads to double-strand DNA breaks and apoptosis or cell death. Topotecan, irinotecan, and 9-AC have shown significant activity in mice bearing pediatric solid tumor xenografts; the greatest antitumor responses were found with protracted continuous schedules. Preclinical data also suggest that maintenance of an exposure-duration threshold (EDT) may be required to achieve optimal cytotoxicity. Pediatric Phase I trials have evaluated the toxicity and safety of camptothecin analogs in children with relapsed solid tumors and relapsed acute leukemia. The primary dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) for the CMT analogs in children has been myelosuppression, except for mucositis observed with the 120-hr continuous topotecan infusion schedule. Pharmacodynamic relationships with these analogs have been reported between systemic exposure, and myelosuppression and mucositis. Although not a primary objective of the early Phase I studies, antitumor responses have been reported. In this review, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the CMT analogs studied in children are summarized, and future studies of these agents are discussed.
Address for offprints: Clinton F. Stewart, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 N. Lauderdale, Memphis, TN 38105, USA 相似文献
89.
Joyce Thompson Charles B. Pratt Clinton F. Stewart Loraine Avery Laura Bowman William C. Zamboni Alberto Pappo 《Investigational new drugs》1998,16(1):45-49
The bis-naphthalimide DMP 840 has demonstrated high level antitumor activity in a number of preclinical models and has been evaluated in several Phase I studies in adults. We enrolled 10 patients with refractory pediatric solid tumors to this Phase I study of DMP 840 given intravenously by short infusion daily for 5 days. The most frequent and dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression. The maximum tolerated dose on this schedule was 8.6 mg/m2 daily for 5 days. One patient had a complete response; there were no measurable tumor responses among the remaining 9 patients. 相似文献
90.