"乳癌术后方"对乳腺癌患者生活质量影响的临床研究

为评价“乳癌术后方”对 35 8例乳腺癌患者生活质量的影响。采用欧洲癌症治疗研究组织生活质量核心量表E ORTCQLQ -C30 ,对 35 8例乳腺癌患者运用“乳癌术后方”治疗前后分别进行问卷调查 ,并设对照组 96例。结果“乳癌术后方”治疗 6个月 ,临床症状明显改善 ,与对照组比较 ,P <0 0 5 ;患者生理功能、情感功能、认识功能等都有不同程度的提高 ;生活质量总评价各项治疗前后有明显改变 ,与对照组比较 ,P <0 0 5。提示该方能明显提高乳腺癌患者的生活质量 ,有很好的临床应用价值。     

Lamivudine for the prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatitis B s-antigen seropositive cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: For cancer patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy, hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a well described complication resulting in varying degrees of liver damage. The objectives of this study were to assess the efficacy of the antiviral agent lamivudine in reducing the incidence of HBV reactivation and diminishing morbidity and mortality of cancer patients with chronic HBV infection during chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two groups were compared in this nonrandomized study. The prophylactic lamivudine group consisted of 65 patients in a phase II study who were treated with lamivudine before and until 8 weeks after discontinuing chemotherapy. The historical controls consisted of 193 consecutive patients who underwent chemotherapy without prophylactic lamivudine. Significant prognosticators for the development of HBV reactivation were determined based on data from the controls. Potential confounding factors were identified between the two groups. The outcomes were compared. RESULTS: In the controls, lymphoma and anthracycline usage were factors identified to be associated with reactivation. The two groups were comparable in most baseline characteristics, although in the prophylactic lamivudine group, there were significantly more patients with lymphoma and receiving anthracyclines. In the prophylactic lamivudine group, there was significantly less HBV reactivation (4.6% v 24.4% in the controls; P <.001), fewer incidences of hepatitis (17.5% v 44.6%; P <.0001) that were less severe (4.8% v 18.7%; P =.0005), and less disruption of chemotherapy (15.4% v 34.6%; P =.0029). The reduction in overall mortality was not statistically different. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic lamivudine significantly reduced the incidence of HBV reactivation and the overall morbidity of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.     

消瘀散消肿止痛作用的实验观察

消瘀散在临床运用中有较好的消肿止痛之功效．为了证实其药理作用，作者用大白鼠建立急性软组织损伤和血肿的实验模型，使用消疾散进行治疗。观察结果表明该药能够有效抑制创伤性无菌性炎症反应，促进血肿吸收，提高实验动物的痛阈值；而且药效随作用时间的延长而逐渐增加。实验结果为该药的消肿止痛作用提供了科学依据。     

4-羟苯基维甲酰胺对膀胱癌细胞的放疗增敏性研究

目的:观察N-(4-羟苯基)维甲酰胺(4-HPR)联合γ-射线对人膀胱移行细胞癌的生长抑制和诱导凋亡作用,分析两者之间是否存在协同作用.方法:应用四甲基偶氮蓝比色(MTT)法检测4-HPR对膀胱癌细胞株T24的细胞毒性作用、半数抑瘤率及起效浓度和时间.应用流式细胞仪检测4-HPR、γ-射线及两者联合应用时对T24细胞生长抑制作用.结果:2.5μmol/L、5μmol/L、10μmol/L的4-HPR作用T24细胞5天的凋亡率分别为6.2%、28.0%和26.0%,死亡率分别为0.3%、12.5%和26.7%.联合作用组细胞分别加入2.5μmol/L、5μmol/L的4-HPR,100cgy的γ-射线照射一次,3天后T24细胞的凋亡率分别为20.0%、26.0%,细胞的死亡率均在5.0%以下.5天后T24细胞的凋亡率分别为38.0%、35.0%,而细胞的死亡率分别为12.4%、21.1%.结论:小剂量的4-HPR可以诱导T24细胞凋亡,大剂量的4-HPR主要导致T24细胞死亡.小剂量的4-HPR联合小剂量的γ-射线对T24细胞凋亡有明显的协同作用.     

A comparison of strain-related susceptibility in two murine recovery models of global cerebral ischemia

Genetically engineered mice are increasingly important in stroke research. The strains on which these constructs are built are known to have inherent differential sensitivities to ischemic insults. This has been largely attributed to differences in vascular anatomy. This study compared the outcome from forebrain ischemia in two common murine background strains using two different types of ischemic insult. C57Bl/6 and SV129 mice were subjected to two vessel (bilateral carotid) occlusion (2VO) or 2VO plus systemic hypotension (2VO+Hypo; mean arterial pressure=30+/-2 mmHg) for 10-20 min. Ventilation and pericranial temperature were controlled. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was determined by 14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiography. Histologic damage in forebrain structures was measured 3 days post-ischemia. During 2VO+Hypo, the EEG became isoelectric in all animals. During 2VO alone, EEG isoelectricity occurred in 73% of C57Bl/6 and 50% of SV129 mice. Forebrain CBF was reduced to a similar extent in both strains. Greater CBF variability was seen with 2VO alone versus 2VO+Hypo. CBF was less in the 2VO+Hypo model. SV129 mice had wider posterior communicating but smaller basilar artery diameters. With or without hypotension, SV129 mice had markedly less severe histologic damage than C57Bl/6 mice. A time-dependent increase in histologic damage was demonstrated in the 2VO+Hypo model but not with 2VO alone. The 2VO and 2VO+Hypo models produced similar magnitudes of histologic injury in C57Bl/6 mice subjected to 10-min ischemia. SV129 mice were resistant to ischemia in either model. The 2VO+Hypo model produced a more uniform severity of ischemia as defined by CBF and EEG examination. Despite this, the murine strain had a substantially greater impact on histologic outcome than did cerebrovascular anatomy or the type of model used to produce the ischemic insult.     

Neurogenesis and identification of developing layers in the visual cortex of the wallaby (Macropus eugenii)

Birthdates of the neurons that comprise the layers of the mature visual cortex in the wallaby (Macropus eugenii) have been determined with the aid of tritiated thymidine autoradiography. The laminar positions of cells, identified by their birthdates, have then been followed at early stages during development and compared with previously published data on the distribution of thalamocortical afferents and corticothalamic projecting cells (Sheng et al. [1991] J. Comp. Neurol. 307:17-38). Neurons are born in a deep to superficial sequence typical of other mammals. The loosely packed zone of cells, which develops at the base of the thin compact zone of cells at the superficial margin of the cortical plate early in development, was identified as being part of the cortical plate. Afferents did not wait below this zone but grew into the developing cortical layers immediately after the cells that form these layers began accumulating in the loosely packed zone, starting with layer 6 on postnatal day 22 (P22). The genesis of layer 4 did not begin until P32, and these cells reached the superficial cortical plate at P54 and entered the loosely packed zone by P65. Cells of layers 5 and 6 formed the initial projection to the thalamus. Despite the protracted development of the wallaby and the large discrepancy between the time of thalamic ingrowth and genesis of layer 4, there was no extended waiting period for afferents in the subplate.     

非淋菌性尿道炎合并盆腔感染药物治疗效果对比研究

目的探讨临床上对非淋菌性尿道(宫颈)炎合并盆腔感染有效的治疗方法。方法将妇产科及性病科门诊确诊的非淋菌性尿道(宫颈)炎合并盆腔感染201例病人随机分为2组,治疗组采用头孢曲松纳加阿奇霉素治疗,对照组采用头孢曲松纳加口服美满霉素治疗。结果治疗组治愈率为80.95%,总有效率为97.14%;对照组治愈率为58.33%,总有效率为69.79%。两者的,临床治愈率及有效率有显著性的差异(P<0.005)。结论头孢曲松纳加阿奇霉素静脉给药治疗非淋菌性尿道(宫颈)炎合并盆腔感染取得良好的治疗效果,较头孢曲松纳加美满霉素效果有显著性提高。     

Ocular component measurement using the Zeiss IOLMaster.

PURPOSE: Axial length is traditionally measured using A-scan ultrasound. The IOLMaster is a new instrument that uses partial coherence interferometry to measure axial length. We compared the repeatability of these techniques for both an experienced and an inexperienced observer, the agreement between the two techniques, and the effect of cycloplegia on IOLMaster measurements. METHODS: Five measurements of axial length and three measurements of anterior chamber depth were taken with the IOLMaster in two sessions separated by 1 to 12 days in 20 young adults. The two examiners each took measurements, and the subject was then cyclopleged with 1% tropicamide. The IOLMaster readings were then repeated by both examiners, followed by five ultrasound readings. Repeatability was evaluated by calculating the difference between measurements from the two sessions. The mean and standard deviation of these differences was then used to determine the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) for each technique. In addition, the agreement between the IOLMaster and ultrasound was assessed, along with the effect of cycloplegia on IOLMaster readings. RESULTS: The IOLMaster was more repeatable than ultrasound. For axial length, the 95% LoA were -0.11 to +0.07 mm, -0.06 to +0.05 mm, and -0.25 to +0.35 mm, for noncycloplegic IOLMaster, cycloplegic IOLMaster, and ultrasound, respectively. The two instruments showed modest agreement with each other (mean difference, +0.12 mm; 95% LoA, -0.39 to +0.64 mm; p > 0.0125). Cycloplegia had no significant effect on IOLMaster axial length measurements. The 95% LoA for anterior chamber depth measurement were -0.11 to +0.18 mm, -0.06 to +0.04 mm, and -0.19 to +0.21 mm, for noncycloplegic IOLMaster, cycloplegic IOLMaster, and ultrasound, respectively. The IOLMaster gave significantly longer anterior chamber depths than ultrasound (mean, +0.18 mm; 95% LoA, -0.02 to +0.37 mm; p < 0.0125), and cycloplegia produced significantly deeper anterior chamber depths using the IOLMaster (mean, +0.12 +/- 0.09 mm; 95% LoA, -0.05 to +0.29 mm; t = 6.17; p < 0.001). The experienced observer's measurements were more repeatable than the inexperienced observer's for ultrasound, but not for the IOLMaster. CONCLUSIONS: The superior repeatability of the IOLMaster suggests that it should become the standard for axial length measurement. The 95% limits of agreement for the cycloplegic measurements correspond to a change in refractive error of +/-0.12 D.     

细辛脑注射液对支气管哮喘患儿呼吸道炎症因子的影响

目的观察细辛脑对支气管哮喘患儿呼吸道炎症因子的影响。方法共选取60例支气管哮喘患儿,随机分成2组,治疗组予细辛脑注射液0.5 mg/kg,用10%葡萄糖注射液稀释成0.01%的溶液,静脉滴注,2次/d;对照组用氨茶碱针4~6 mg/kg加入5%葡萄糖注射液100 mL静脉滴注,1次/d,两组均用7 d为1个疗程,共观察2个疗程。结果治疗2周后,两组嗜酸性粒细胞与巨噬细胞治疗前后比较均有明显差异(P均<0.05),同时治疗组的淋巴细胞、CD4 T细胞与治疗前比较均有明显差异(P均<0.05),两组嗜酸性粒细胞、巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞、CD4 T细胞比较也均有明显差异(P均<0.05)。治疗后两组肺功能均比治疗前明显改善(P均<0.05),治疗组的肺功能I、L-5与对照组有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论细辛脑注射液对哮喘患儿呼吸道炎症因子的影响优于氨茶碱组。     

ELEKTA Precise 医用直线加速器波导隔离器维修

本文介绍了波导隔离器在加速器微波系统中的作用、特点,以及Precise加速器上波导隔离器散热水套渗水的处理方法.