qMRI relaxometry of mandibular bone marrow: A monomodal distribution in sickle cell disease

Purpose:

To identify and characterize sickle cell disease (SCD)‐related changes in the composition of mandibular bone marrow using qMRI relaxometry histograms.

Materials and Methods:

Thirteen SCD patients and 17 controls underwent brain MR imaging with the mixed turbo spin‐echo (TSE) pulse sequence at 1.5T. The mandible was manually segmented and divided into body, angle, ramus, and condyle. T1 and T2 histograms of each mandible were modeled with Gaussian functions. The relaxation time histogram peaks were calculated, and the number of monomodal versus bimodal curves was compared.

Results:

SCD patients exhibited monomodal distributions on both T1 and T2 histograms, consistent with a composition of predominantly red hematopoietic marrow. Eighty‐eight percent of mandibles in control subjects exhibited a bimodal distribution in T1 and all showed a bimodal distribution in T2, indicating mixed but predominantly yellow marrow composition. The second peak in control subjects was shorter in T1 and longer in T2, consistent with yellow marrow composition.

Conclusion:

Instead of physiological fatty replacement, SCD patients exhibit red marrow persistence in the mandible, likely due to the increased demand for hematopoiesis. This phenomenon can be manifested by a monomodal curve in both T1 and T2 relaxometric histograms. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1182–1188. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Waist-to-thigh ratio is a predictor of internal organ cancers in humans: findings from a cohort study

ObjectiveStudies have shown that some specific body measures are associated with the occurrence of cancers. Few studies have demonstrated the relationship with more comprehensive approaches. This study aims to explore body measures and the combinations associated with internal organ cancers.MethodsThree-dimensional anthropometric body surface scanning data collected 10,215 participants from the health examination department in a medical center of Taiwan during 2000–2010. Follow-up was conducted for an average of 8 years, and 244 internal organ cancer cases were identified.ResultsAn increased risk of internal organ cancers was observed among the subjects with larger waist circumference/smaller thigh circumference, in which waist-to-thigh ratio (WTR) was constructed. Comparing the subjects in the fourth quartile for WTR to the subjects in the first quartile with multiple Cox regression analysis yielded a hazard ratio of 1.842 (95% confidence interval, 1.131～2.999). The association between WTR quartile and internal organ cancers was stronger among male participants, older participants, and participants with chronic conditions.ConclusionsThe study has revealed that WTR is the most significant predictor for the occurrence of cancer in Asian populations. Because it is easy to measure and open to modification, WTR may be more useful in clinical and preventive medicine in the future.     

正交试验法优选水杨酸滴丸的制备工艺

摘 要 目的：考察影响水杨酸滴丸制备的因素,确立其最佳成型工艺。方法: 考察环境因素、加热温度、基质配比与试验步骤对滴丸制备工艺的影响。以丸重差异、溶出时限及外观质量为综合评价指标,通过正交试验进一步优化滴丸的制备工艺。结果: 基质单独加热熔化后再与药液在避光密封的条件下进行混合,可防止药液迅速氧化变红。滴丸的最佳制备工艺为：聚乙二醇400与聚乙二醇6000的比例为1∶5,药液温度为50℃,滴距为8 cm,滴制速度为70滴·min^-1。结论:该工艺简单可行,制得滴丸的丸重差异、溶出时限及外观质量均符合质量要求。     

NEONATAL CONGENITAL CARDIOVASCULAR ANOMALIES ANALYSIS OF 66 AUTOPSY CASES

1,330 autopsies performed at the Pathology Department of this hospital during 1958.-1981, including 415 newborns, a.re studied. Among the 371 cases of congenital anomalies (110 new- borns), 173 were congenital cardiovascular anomalies (66 newborns), a 13% morbidity forming 46.5'70 0f all congenital anomalies seen. The 66 nowborns were 6070 0f all neonatal clan- genital anamalies and 38.2To of all cardiovascular anomaLies. Fetal stage diagnosis and early ter- mination of pregnancy when necessary is the treatment of choice.     

The influence of I-131 therapy on FDG uptake in differentiated thyroid cancer

OBJECTIVE: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) [or PET/computed tomography (CT)] is more likely to show false-negative results when it is performed shortly after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy because of "metabolic stunning". The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of I-131 therapy on FDG uptake and the detection of recurrence or metastasis of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 16 consecutive FDG-PET/CT studies which had been performed in patients with DTC with elevated thyroglobulin (TG) but negative I-131 whole-body scan. All studies were performed under L: -thyroxine suppression. The patients were divided into groups A and B for PET/CT performed within 4 months of I-131 therapy or no such therapy, respectively. Each lesion identified on PET/CT was characterized using a 5-point scale by visual analysis: 0 = definitely benign, 1 = probably benign, 2 = equivocal, 3 = probably malignant, and 4 = definitely malignant. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) in each lesion was also measured for semiquantitative analysis. We compared the visual grading and SUV max of the lesion of highest FDG uptake between groups A and B. RESULTS: For visual analysis, group B had significantly more patients with an uptake score of 3 or 4 than group A (80% vs. 17%, P = 0.01). In addition, there were significantly more equivocal results from group A than from group B (67% vs. 10%, P = 0.02). If the patients with the highest uptake scores of 2, 3, and 4 were considered to be positive for local recurrence or metastasis, there would be no significant difference between the positive rates of groups A and B (83% vs. 90%, P = 0.7). However, the mean SUV max of positive results was significantly lower for group A than for group B (3.1 +/- 0.9 and 6.6 +/- 3.5, respectively, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary results suggested that FDG uptake in DTC may be negatively influenced by I-131 therapy within 4 months, resulting in lower FDG uptake and more equivocal results. Further studies are necessary to determine whether it is secondary to "metabolic stunning" caused by I-131 therapy.     

软骨寡聚基质蛋白在慢性胰腺炎损伤中退变腺泡细胞内的表达

目的 研究正常胰腺、慢性胰腺炎与胰腺癌组织中软骨寡聚基质蛋白(cartilage oligomeric matrix protein,COMP)mRNA和蛋白表达水平的差异,揭示COMP在慢性胰腺炎样损伤中的意义。方法 采用Northern印迹法、Western印迹法、原位杂交法与免疫组化方法对14例慢性胰腺炎、14例胰腺癌及15例正常胰腺组织进行分析。结果 在慢性胰腺炎组织中和胰腺癌组织中类似慢性胰腺炎损伤的退变腺泡细胞胞浆内,存在高水平的COMP mRNA信号与免疫反应;而在胰腺癌细胞、正常胰腺组织的导管细胞与胰岛细胞的胞浆内,COMP mRNA信号与免疫反应微弱或缺如。结论 COMP在慢性胰腺炎及胰腺癌中类似慢性胰腺炎损伤的退变腺泡细胞内高表达,可能与慢性胰腺炎中腺泡细胞功能异常有关。     

锌α2 糖蛋白与胰岛素抵抗相关疾病关系的研究进展

随着现代生活方式及饮食习惯的改变,疾病谱的重心逐渐转变为慢性非感染性疾病。心血管疾病、糖脂代谢紊乱、肥胖、代谢综合征、多囊卵巢综合征等疾病均与胰岛素抵抗有关。胰岛素抵抗是慢性非感染性疾病的重要组成部分,患病人群众多,严重影响其生活质量。锌α2糖蛋白（Zinc-α2-Glycoprotein,ZAG）是新近发现的一种具有调节体质量和改善胰岛素敏感性的脂肪因子,因其与胰岛素抵抗相关疾病关系密切逐渐受到人们的重视。近年来大量临床实验研究ZAG与胰岛素抵抗的关系,本文拟这些研究进展做一综述。     

基于封闭式卡盒的现场病原体检测系统的设计与实现

目的:设计操作简单?成本低?便携和易于实现自动化等特点的小型化现场病原体检测系统,实现在传染病疫情爆发现场对传染病病原体的快速检测?方法:设计一款封闭式病原体检测卡盒,可进行一体化病原体核酸检测,并创新性地采用3D打印技术对该卡盒进行迭代设计和制造?在此基础上,研发与之配套的全自动便携式核酸检测系统,整套系统可自动化完成病原体核酸的单重检测或多重检测?结果:在卡盒和全自动便携式核酸检测系统设计完成后,分别对其进行各项性能的测试,如卡盒的气密性和移液性能,混匀性能等,测试结果均能满足病原体核酸检测的要求?以百日咳杆菌为代表,将整套系统应用于实际的病原体核酸检测,实验结果表明该卡盒系统可自动化完成核酸检测?结论:该系统能够成功地完成现场传染病从样本输入到结果输出的自动化一体化检测过程,实验结果准确可靠?     

电视腹腔镜在妇科疾病诊治中的应用

目的 :探讨腹腔镜在妇科疾病诊治中的临床价值。方法 :选取 2 0 0 0年 10月至 2 0 0 1年 12月妇科良性疾病行电视腹腔镜妇科手术 75例 ,其中腹部既往手术史 11例。结果 :74例镜下成功完成 ,1例因宫角腺肌瘤镜下手术困难中转开腹。手术时间 30～ 16 0min ,术中出血 1～ 15 0ml ,其中 2 1例出血不足 1ml;肛门排气最短 6小时 ,最长 30小时 ;30小时内均能下床活动。术后 8例应用镇痛药 ,除个别患者低热外 ,术后一般无发热。术中无并发症 ,术后并发症为肩痛 ,肋下痛 ,皮下气肿。结论 :腹腔镜在妇科疾病诊治中的应用具有广阔前景     

Preparation and degradation characteristic study of bone repair composite of DL—polylactic acid／hydroxyapatite／decalcifying bone matrix

Objective:To explore the preparative method and study the degradation characteristics of bone repair composite of DL-polyactic acid(PDLLA) /hydroxyapatite(HA)/decalcifying bone matrix(DBM) in vitro.Methods:An emulsion blend method was developed to prepare the composite of PDLLA/HA/DBM in weight ratio of PDLLA:HA:DBM=1.2-2:1.5:1.The dynamic changes of weight,biomechanical property and pH value of PDLLA/HA/DBM and PDLLA in phosphate buffered saline(PBS,pH7.4)were studied respectively through degradation tests in vitro.Results:Without being heated,PDLLA,HA and DBM could be synthesized with the emulsion blend method as bone composite of PDLLA/HA/DBM,wich had both osteoconductive and osteoinductive effects.The diameter of the aperture was 100-400μm and the gap rate was 71.3%.During degradation,the pH value of PDLLA solution decreased lightly within 2 weeks,but decreased obviously at the end of 4 weeks and the value was 4.0 .While the pH value of PDLLA/HA/DBM kept quite steady and was 6.4 at the end of 12 weeks.The weight of PDLLA changed little within 4 weeks,then changed obviously and was 50% of its initial weight at the end of 12 weeks.While the weight of PDLLA/HA/DBM changed little within 5 weeks ,then changed obviously and was 60% of the initial weight at the end of 12 weeks.The initial biomechanical strength of PDLLA was 1.33 MPa, decreased little within 3 weeks, then changed obviously and kept at 0.11 MPa at the end of 12 weeks.The initial biomechanical strength of PDLLA/HA/DBM was 1.7 MPa, decreased little within 4 weeks, then changed obviously and kept at 0.21 MPa at the end of 12 weeks.Conclusions:The emulsion blend method is a new method to prepare bone repair materials.As a new bone repair material,PDLLA/HA/DBM is more suitable for regeneration and cell implantation,and the environment during its degradation is advantageous to the growth of bone cells.