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41.
Gluckman PD, Sizonenko SV, Bassett NS. The transition from fetus to neonate - an endocrine perspective. Acta Pædiatr 1999; Suppl 428: 7–11. Stockholm. ISSN 0803–5326
The transition from fetus to neonate involves three phases: late gestation, parturition and the processes needed to establish independent homoeostatic regulation after separation from the placenta. These phases are regulated by a series of fetal and placental endocrine events. Glucocorticoids have an important role in the preparation for birth, including involvement in lung and cardiac development, and the maturation of enzymes in a variety of pathways. Fetal Cortisol production is, in turn, also under hormonal control. Parturition is a complex process, which is still poorly understood in humans. The final steps are largely dependent on the effect of prostaglandin F2α on the myometrium associated with increased oxytocin activity. The transition to birth is accompanied by changes in respiration, circulation, glucose homoeostasis, and the onset of independent oral feeding and thermoregulation. Several examples of endocrine components of the transition from fetal to neonatal life are reviewed here: the role of prostanoids, the onset of thermogenesis, and changes in the thyroid hormone and growth hormone axes. The effects of hormone levels on prematurity and growth retardation are also discussed. □ Birth transition, fetus, gestation, hormonal control, neonate, parturition 相似文献
The transition from fetus to neonate involves three phases: late gestation, parturition and the processes needed to establish independent homoeostatic regulation after separation from the placenta. These phases are regulated by a series of fetal and placental endocrine events. Glucocorticoids have an important role in the preparation for birth, including involvement in lung and cardiac development, and the maturation of enzymes in a variety of pathways. Fetal Cortisol production is, in turn, also under hormonal control. Parturition is a complex process, which is still poorly understood in humans. The final steps are largely dependent on the effect of prostaglandin F
42.
Association of long‐term glycaemic control on tear break‐up times and dry eye symptoms in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes
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Andre Ma BA Martin SY Mak Kendrick Co Shih FCOphth Claudia KY Tsui MSc Rachel KY Cheung Sherman H Lee Hubert Leung Joyce NS Leung Jason TH Leung Marco Z Van‐Boswell Michael TL Wong Alex Lap‐Ki Ng FRCS Chi‐Ho Lee FHKCP Vishal Jhanji FRCS Louis Tong FRCS PhD 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》2018,46(6):608-615
43.
Winnie KW So Dorothy NS Chan Yan Lou Kai-Chow Choi Carmen WH Chan Kristina Shin Ava Kwong Diana TF Lee 《World Journal of Meta-Analysis》2015,3(4):193-205
AIM: To evaluate existing evidence for the association between different type of brassiere exposures and the risk of breast cancer.
METHODS: Ovid Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Data Base of Systematic Reviews, Pubmed, Scopus, Proquest, Sciencedirect, Wiley Online Library, WanFang Data, Hong Kong Index to Chinese Periodicals, China Journal Net, Chinese Medical Current Contents, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China Academic Journals Full-Text database, Taiwan Electronic Periodical Services and HyRead; reference lists of published studies; original research studies published in English or Chinese examining the association between type and duration of brassiere-wearing and breast cancer risk. Data were abstracted by a first reviewer and verified by a second. Study quality was rated according to predefined criteria. “Fair” or “good” quality studies were included. Results were summarised by meta-analysis whenever adequate material was available.
RESULTS: Twelve case-control studies were included in the review. Meta-analysis showed brassiere wearing during sleep was associated with a two times of increased odds.
CONCLUSION: The present review demonstrates insufficient evidence to establish a positive association between the duration and type of brassiere wearing and breast cancer. Further research is essential; specifically, a large-scale epidemiological study of a better design is needed to examine the association between various forms of brassiere exposure in detail and breast cancer risk, with adequate control of confounding variables. 相似文献
44.
P Gergely B Nuesslein-Hildesheim D Guerini V Brinkmann M Traebert C Bruns S Pan NS Gray K Hinterding NG Cooke A Groenewegen A Vitaliti T Sing O Luttringer J Yang A Gardin N Wang WJ Crumb Jr M Saltzman M Rosenberg E Wallstr?m 《British journal of pharmacology》2012,167(5):1035-1047
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
BAF312 is a next-generation sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, selective for S1P1 and S1P5 receptors. S1P1 receptors are essential for lymphocyte egress from lymph nodes and a drug target in immune-mediated diseases. Here, we have characterized the immunomodulatory potential of BAF312 and the S1P receptor-mediated effects on heart rate using preclinical and human data.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
BAF312 was tested in a rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Electrophysiological recordings of G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels were carried out in human atrial myocytes. A Phase I multiple-dose trial studied the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of BAF312 in 48 healthy subjects.KEY RESULTS
BAF312 effectively suppressed EAE in rats by internalizing S1P1 receptors, rendering them insensitive to the egress signal from lymph nodes. In healthy volunteers, BAF312 caused preferential decreases in CD4+ T cells, Tnaïve, Tcentral memory and B cells within 4–6 h. Cell counts returned to normal ranges within a week after stopping treatment, in line with the elimination half-life of BAF312. Despite sparing S1P3 receptors (associated with bradycardia in mice), BAF312 induced rapid, transient (day 1 only) bradycardia in humans. BAF312-mediated activation of GIRK channels in human atrial myocytes can fully explain the bradycardia.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS
This study illustrates species-specific differences in S1P receptor specificity for first-dose cardiac effects. Based on its profound but rapidly reversible inhibition of lymphocyte trafficking, BAF312 may have potential as a treatment for immune-mediated diseases. 相似文献45.
NS Mahmood H B Suresh G K Swethadri V Hegde V D'Souza S D'Souza 《Dento maxillo facial radiology》2010,39(1):54-56
Castleman''s disease of the parotid gland is an extremely rare entity, with fewer than 20 cases reported in world literature so far and only 1 previous case report describing the ultrasound findings. The Doppler findings of parotid Castleman''s disease have never been described before to the best of the authors'' knowledge. This report describes the ultrasonographic and Doppler findings in a histopathologically proven case of Castleman''s disease of the left parotid gland in a young man. 相似文献
46.
Soraya I de Oliveira Luciana NS Andrade Ana C Onuchic Sueli Nonogaki Patrícia D Fernandes Mônica C Pinheiro Ciro BS Rohde Roger Chammas Sonia Jancar 《BMC cancer》2010,10(1):200
Background
Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages induces a suppressor phenotype. Previous data from our group suggested that this occurs via Platelet-activating factor receptor (PAF-R)-mediated pathways. In the present study, we investigated the impact of apoptotic cell inoculation or induction by a chemotherapeutic agent (dacarbazine, DTIC) on tumour growth, microenvironmental parameters and survival, and the effect of treatment with a PAF-R antagonist (WEB2170). These studies were performed in murine tumours: Ehrlich Ascitis Tumour (EAT) and B16F10 melanoma. 相似文献47.
48.
P. ALLAN S. UITTE de WILLIGE R. H. ABOU‐SALEH S. D. CONNELL R. A. S. ARIËNS 《Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis》2012,10(6):1072-1080
Summary. Background: Fibrinogen contains an alternatively spliced γ‐chain (γ′), which mainly exists as a heterodimer with the common γA‐chain (γA/γ′). Fibrinogen γ′ has been reported to inhibit thrombin and modulate fibrin structure, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Objective: We aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism underpinning the influence of γ′ on fibrin polymerization, structure and viscoelasticity. Methods: γA/γA and γA/γ′ fibrinogens were separated using anion exchange chromatography. Cross‐linking was controlled with purified FXIIIa and a synthetic inhibitor. Fibrin polymerization was analyzed by turbidity and gel‐point time was measured using a coagulometer. We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to image protofibril formation while final clot structure was assessed by confocal and scanning electron microscopy. Clot viscoelasticity was measured using a magnetic microrheometer. Results: γA/γ′ fibrin formed shorter oligomers by AFM than γA/γA, which in addition gelled earlier. γA/γ′ clots displayed a non‐homogenous arrangement of thin fibers compared with the uniform arrangements of thick fibers for γA/γA clots. These differences in clot structure were not due to thrombin inhibition as demonstrated in clots made with reptilase. Non‐cross‐linked γA/γA fibrin was approximately 2.7 × stiffer than γA/γ′. Cross‐linking by FXIIIa increased the stiffness of both fibrin variants; however, the difference in stiffness increased to approximately 4.6 × (γA/γA vs. γA/γ′). Conclusions: Fibrinogen γ′ is associated with the formation of mechanically weaker, non‐uniform clots composed of thin fibers. This is caused by direct disruption of protofibril formation by γ′. 相似文献
49.
A family is described in which the mother made anti-Rh32 as a result of pregnancy; her second liveborn child had hemolytic disease of the newborn and required an exchange transfusion. In investigating the family, it was found that the father's RN gene did not make rhi and that his second Rh gene made normal amounts of c and e but a reduced amount of f. In the two children of the couple, who inherited a normal r or Ro from their mother, the paternally derived RN encoded an amount of rhi that could be detected in direct typing tests. In the father, lack of production of rhi by RN may have represented a suppressive effect of the ce(f) gene in trans to RN or the presence of an unlinked suppressor of Rh that might also have been responsible for the reduced production of f by his r or Ro gene. The two children in this family are the first persons in whom RN has been shown to make rhi. 相似文献
50.
Activation of Fas antigen, a cell surface receptor molecule, by its ligand results in transduction of a signal for cell death. The Fas system has been implicated in target cell recognition, clonal development of immune effector cells, and termination of the cellular immune response. Fas antigen expression on lymphocytes is regulated by interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), cytokines that also have inhibitory effects on hematopoiesis. We investigated Fas antigen expression on human marrow cells and the effects of Fas activation on hematopoiesis in vitro. Freshly isolated immature hematopoietic cells, as defined by the CD34 marker, did not express Fas antigen at levels detectable by fluorescent staining. CD34+ cells, which include progenitors and stem cells, showed low levels of Fas expression in culture, even in the presence of growth factors. Stimulation by TNF alpha and IFN gamma markedly increased Fas antigen expression on CD34+ cells. Anti-Fas antibody, which mimics the action of the putative ligand, enhanced IFN gamma- and TNF alpha-mediated suppression of colony formation by bone marrow (BM) in a dose-dependent manner. This effect did not require the presence of accessory cells. Colony formation from mature (CD34+ CD38+) and immature (CD34+ CD38-) progenitor cells and long-term culture initiating cells were susceptible to the inhibitory action of anti-Fas antibody in the presence of IFN gamma and TNF alpha. Apoptosis assays performed on total BM cells and CD34+ cells showed that anti-Fas antibody induced programmed cell death of CD34+ BM cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献