超低出生体重儿红细胞输注的临床分析

探讨超低出生体重(ELBW)儿减少红细胞输注的可能性。方法对1989～1997年9年间256 例超低出生体重儿的红细胞输注进行临床分析。在此期间红细胞输注指征进行了3次制订,对检验样本的采 血量进行了严格的控制,部分病例应用了重组人促红细胞生成素治疗。结果1994年以后有1/4的ELBW儿 不需要输注红细胞,1989～1997年平均输血次数由7次降至2.7次(P＜0.01)。按出生体重累计红细胞输注 量由163.5mL/kg降至69.2mL/kg(P＜0.01),接受供血者人数由6.3人降至1.5人(P＜0.01)。红细胞输注 前的平均红细胞压积比,机械通气者由0.43降至0.34、自主呼吸者由0.41降至0.31。ELBW儿更加不成熟,平 均胎龄由27.4周减至26.0周,平均出生体重由833g降至741g。存活率仍达78％,住院时间没有延长,严重并 发症如视网膜病、动脉导管未闭、脑室出血的发生率没有增加。结论制订严格的红细胞输注指征有助于减少 输血次数和接受供血者人数,且患儿临床耐受良好。     

脑康泰胶囊对阿尔茨海默氏病大鼠学习记忆作用的影响

目的：观察脑康泰胶囊对阿尔茨海默氏病模型大鼠学习记忆作用的影响。方法：采用脑立体定向颅内注射啉酸所致阿尔第默氏病（Alzheimers disease.AD)大鼠模型的方法。结果：脑康泰胶囊可显著增加强AD大鼠被动学习和主动学习的能力。调节脑组织中单胺类递质含量及血清中相关激素水平,并显著改善AD模型大鼠的脑电图。结论：脑康泰胶囊显著改善AD大鼠学习记忆能力的作用,其机制与其调节中枢递质及激素水平等相关。     

Analysis of loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 11q13 in atypical ductal hyperplasia and in situ carcinoma of the breast.

Identical allelic loss in invasive and adjacent in situ ductal breast carcinoma (DCIS) on chromosome 11q13 has been previously reported, providing molecular evidence for the progression of DCIS to invasive tumor. In this study we analyzed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 11q13 (PYGM, INT-2) in atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and various histological types of in situ carcinomas of the breast in patients without invasive cancer. Twenty-four cases of in situ carcinoma and twelve cases of ADH were studied. Tissue microdissection of normal, hyperplastic, and tumor cells from fixed, paraffin-embedded sections was performed, and DNA was extracted for polymerase chain reaction. In situ tumors included both high- and low-grade DCIS. LOH was identified in six of twenty-two (27.3%) in situ tumors and in one of eleven (9%) ADH cases. Within in situ carcinomas, LOH was identified in six of seventeen (35%) high-grade DCIS but in none of six low-grade DCIS. The present results show that LOH at 11q13 occurs in an appreciable proportion of high-grade DCIS, although the rate is substantially less than in patients with concomitant DCIS and invasive tumor. LOH was identified less frequently in low-grade in situ tumors and ADH, suggesting that a putative tumor suppressor gene(s) located on chromosome 11q13 may be involved in the transition from early preneoplastic lesions to invasive breast cancer.     

MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR HYPERTENSION SYNDROME

Hypertension is usually managed on a case-finding basis, and yet continued blood pressure control can be inadequate. Furthermore, hypertension is often a ‘silent’ condition until comorbid events, target organ damage and subsequent heart failure become manifest, leading to a reactive rather than a proactive approach. Management of the hypertension syndrome becomes complex, because blood pressure control may not be just an isolated concern. This review considers the various options, in addition to existing guidelines, that can help to reduce hypertension-related morbidity and mortality.     

一种新的层析等电点聚焦技术提纯葡萄球菌肠毒素D

我们成功地建立了一个新的层析等电点聚焦的三步程序.细菌培养液首先以CG-50吸附,洗脱出的粗毒素溶液在PBE_(94)柱上进行层析等电点聚焦.分别用5mMTris-Base pH9.4和Buffalyte_(8-4) pH5.4缓冲液洗脱,出现多个洗脱峰,即刻测定pH值.收集pH6.8～7.1的洗脱液,混合、浓缩,最后通过Sephacryl s-200过滤,以0.05M PBS pH6.8洗脱,出现3个峰,毒素在第1峰.毒素纯度为98%,回收率89%,p17.6,MW28500,SDS-PAGE上1条带.以~(125)I标记SED作探针的电泳转移和放射自显影均证明了提纯SED的免疫学特异性.免疫扩散试验,即使200μg/ml SED与不产毒素的FRI-184抗血清,也未有可见沉淀线.     

Effects of cigarette smoking and age on the maturation of human oocytes

We investigated whether cigarette smoking, measured by follicular fluid concentrations of cotinine (a major metabolite of nicotine), affects the maturity of oocytes from women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer. In 234 women, follicular fluid samples were assessed for cotinine and their 2020 oocytes were assessed for maturity stage. Data on individual proportions of oocytes which were mature (OM) and were fertilized (OF) were analysed by regression in relation to age and follicular fluid cotinine. OF gave an independent assessment of oocyte maturity. Both age and follicular fluid cotinine entered the OM and OF regressions and were significant. The age-adjusted regression coefficients for log cotinine were positive; greater cotinine concentrations usually accompanied greater OM and OF. The cotinine effect on OM was positive in younger women, but it became negative (decreased OM with increasing cotinine concentrations) in older women (> or = 40 years). We further found in older women an average reduction of approximately 50% in the number of mature oocytes; this reduced number was lower than the number of embryos usually transferred. Smoking can reduce the number of mature oocytes even further, therefore risking a negative IVF-embryo transfer outcome. This may be the reason why the negative effects of smoking become clinically detectable in older women.      

Ultrasonography in the study of salivary gland lesions in children

Salivary gland lesions are uncommon in children and may be related to the parotid, submandibular or sublingual glands. Inflammatory lesions are the most common cause of salivary gland abnormalities in children and can be due to acute viral, acute suppurative, or recurrent acute or chronic inflammation. Intraparotid lymphadenitis may also occur, as in cat-scratch disease or in other causes of cervical lymphadenitis. Salivary gland neoplasms are rare in children, and most of them are benign including mainly hemangioma, pleomorphic adenoma, or lymphangioma. Other lesions, such as sialolithiasis, mucocele, or ranula, may also be seeen. Ultrasonography should be the initial imaging study used for the examination of salivary gland lesions in children, given the fact that most of such lesions are benign and are shown up clearly by sonography. In most cases, this technique permits the differentiation of intraglandular and extraglandular lesions, and may suggest the correct diagnosis. The entire lesion could not be totally depicted by US however, and other imaging techniques such as CT or MRI may be necessary. Vascular lesions can be demonstrated more clearly through the use of color Doppler imaging. Some of the lesions may appear similar, and clinical correlation is important for the differential diagnosis. This article discusses the sonographic appearance and clinical manifestations of the spectrum of salivary gland abnormalities that may occur in children. Received: 3 September 1997 Accepted: 31 December 1997