SUMMARY In order to assess the reliability of drug information supplied by day-stay cases, 85 consecutive patients were interviewed. A comparison of the interview answers with the details previously volunteered during the admission procedure showed an increase of 80% in the information given by the patient. While the detailed interviewing technique is time-consuming and may not be infallible, this substantial increase in information highlights problems in the current routine. 相似文献
Background: The Na sup + channel is voltage gated and characterized by three distinct states: closed, open, and inactivated. To identify the effects of halothane on the cardiac Na sup + current (INa) at various membrane potentials, the effects of 1.2 mm halothane at different holding potentials (VH) on INa were examined in single, enzymatically isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes.
Methods: The INa was recorded using the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Currents were generated from resting VH s of -110, -80, or -65 mV. State-dependent block was characterized by monitoring frequency dependence, tonic block, and removal of inactivation by veratridine.
Results: Halothane produced significant (P < 0.05) VH -dependent depressions of peak INa (mean +/- SEM): 24.4 +/- 4.1% (VH = -110 mV), 42.1 +/- 3.4% (VH = -80 mV), and 75.2 +/- 1.5% (VH = -65 mV). Recovery from inactivation was significantly increased when cells were held at -80 mV (control, tau = 6.0 +/- 0.3 ms; halothane, tau = 7.1 +/- 0.4 ms), but not at -110 mV. When using a VH of -80 mV, halothane exhibited a use-dependent block, with block of INa increasing from 8.6 +/- 1.4% to 30.7 +/- 3.5% at test pulse rates of 2 and 11 Hz, respectively. Use-dependent inhibition was not apparent at VH of -110 mV. When inactivation of INa was removed by exposure to 100 micro Meter veratridine, no significant difference was observed in the depressant effect of halothane at both VH s: 26.6 +/- 4.5% (VH = -80 mV) and 26.4 +/- 5.6% (VH = -110 mV). 相似文献
Study Objective: To test the hypothesis that the magnitude of the acute hemodynamic response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is related to the duration of the seizure activity in patients receiving different dosages of intravenous (IV) lidocaine.
Patients: 21 ASA physical status I, II, and III patients undergoing four consecutive maintenance ECT treatments for chronic depression.
Interventions: Patients received lidocaine 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg IV, or saline prior to induction of anesthesia via a standardized anesthetic technique.
Measurements and Main Results: Noninvasive blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), as well as the duration of motor and electroencephalographic (EEG) seizure, were measured. The duration of motor and EEG seizures (means ± SD) were 37 ± 13 sec and 64 ± 21 sec, 25 ± 11 sec and 52 ± 43 sec, 17 ± 12 sec and 32 ± 17 sec, 1 ± 3 sec and 18 ± 10 sec in the saline, lidocaine 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg groups, respectively. Although the duration of seizure activity was decreased in a dose-related fashion after lidocaine pretreatment, the peak increases in BP and HR were similar in the lidocaine and saline treatment groups.
Conclusions: Despite producing dose-related decreases in the duration of both motor and EEG seizure activity, lidocaine failed to attenuate the acute hemodynamic response to ECT. Thus, the acute hemodynamic response to ECT is not related to the duration of seizure activity. 相似文献
This study of 561 rural North Carolina adolescents examined relationships among race, parental educational level, family structure, parental discipline, family violence exposure, and dating violence experiences. The sample was predominantly female (77%), with 40% black and 58% white. The subjects ranged in age from 15 to 20 years; 80% of the adolescents were 16–18. Dating violence experiences were assessed by a researcher-constructed instrument measuring warning signs of potential violence and actual violent experiences. The results suggested that recognition of abusive relationships is difficult, with many adolescents denying such a relationship but actually reporting numerous abusive events. Sixty percent had experienced violent acts during dating relationships; 24% reported extreme violence (episodes of rape, use of weapons). More than 20% of the adolescents reported family violence and 2.2% reported family sexual abuse. The study suggests new avenues for research in adolescent date violence, and for interventions with high risk groups. 相似文献
Background: The lack of depth perception and spatial orientation in video vision are the drawbacks of laparoscopic surgery. The advent of a three-dimensional camera system enables surgeons to regain binocular vision and may be advantageous in complex laparoscopic procedures. Methods: We prospectively studied two groups of surgeons (with and without experiences in laparoscopic surgery) who performed a designated standardized laparoscopic task using a two-dimensional camera system (Olympus OTV-S4) vs a three-dimensional camera system (Baxter-V. Mueller VS7700) and compared their time performances. Results: The results suggested that only experience in laparoscopic surgery had significant effect on individual's performance. We could not demonstrate any superiority of the 3D system over the 2D system. However, two-thirds of the surgeons commented that the depth perception did improve. Conclusions: With further refinement of the technology, the 3D system may improve its potential in laparoscopic surgery. 相似文献