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排序方式: 共有9993条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Dellucci Trey V. Carmichael Cheryl Starks Tyrel J. 《Archives of sexual behavior》2021,50(4):1689-1700
Archives of Sexual Behavior - One- to two-thirds of new HIV infections among sexual minority men occur within the context of main partnerships. This has led to increasing attention to the rules and... 相似文献
102.
103.
104.
G. Bitton K. Jung B. Koopman 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》1994,27(1):25-28
A rapid, quantitative microbial assay, which is specific for heavy metal toxicity, has been developed. The assay (MetPLATE) is in a 96-well microtitration plate format and is suitable for determining toxicity characteristics such as median inhibitory concentrations. The sensitivity of MetPLATE to heavy metals [Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr(III)] was generally higher than Microtox and was of the same order as or better than Daphnia and fish bioassay. MetPLATE was insensitive to organic compounds at concentrations higher than those found in the environment. Six out of 10 industrial wastewaters or process waters surveyed were toxic. Heavy metal analysis of these waters confirmed the presence of heavy metals in the toxic samples. MetPLATE can be run concurrently with other assays for general toxicity to help determine the nature of chemicals causing toxicity. 相似文献
105.
Conclusion Economic (mis)management in Australia has understandably been influenced by the experiences of countries such as the UK and the USA with which Australia has traditionally had a close relationship. However, the uncritical acceptance of economic rationalism is an indication of our nation's seduction by the possibility of a quick fix for a struggling economy. In accepting economic rationalism there has been a dismissal, or at least a failure to take account of, both past Australian experiences and the overseas experience—including the recent experience of a close neighbour, New Zealand, whose health system is under severe strain.The introduction of economic rationalist programmes into the Australian health sector was an attempt to contain expenditure and at the same time reduce dependence on the public system. This has failed to happen on both counts. Its only real achievement has been to produce yet more evidence of the practical inadequacies of economic rationalism in general. 相似文献
106.
Balla-Jhagjhoorsingh S Mooij P Koopman G Haaksma T Teeuwsen V Heeney J Bontrop R 《Immunology letters》1999,66(1-3):61-67
Cell mediated immune responses to HIV-1 and CTL responses in particular differ dramatically in infected individuals. This may largely be influenced by the immunogenetic differences of different individuals such as those encoded by the MHC. These differences may be difficult to dissect due to the immunosuppressive nature of HIV-1 infection itself. In order to reduce the variables associated with effects of the virus, one recombinant viral antigen was chosen from a particular HIV-1 variant (rgp120 of the clinical isolate HIV-1w6.1D). To minimise differences between outbred hosts, we chose two sibling chimpanzees from which the family pedigree and genetic segregation with respect to polymorphic MHC molecules was known. Immunisation induced strong antigen specific antibody and T-helper immune responses. The magnitude and persistence of the humoral and T-helper immune responses were comparable in both chimpanzees. However, CTL responses were only observed in one sibling. These responses were subsequently mapped to several distinct epitopes. The CTL response to the immunodominant epitope was found to be presented in the context of a MHC molecule which was shared by both siblings. The absence of a CTL response in the other sibling is not yet understood, but could not be attributed to MHC alleles that were not shared by these two chimpanzees. These findings suggest that other polymorphic immunoregulatory mechanisms such as those involved in antigen processing and presentation influence host CTL responses to HIV-1. 相似文献
107.
Heeney J Akerblom L Barnett S Bogers W Davis D Fuller D Koopman G Lehner T Mooij P Morein B de Giuli Morghen C Rosenwirth B Verschoor E Wagner R Wolf H 《Immunology letters》1999,66(1-3):189-195
The specific immune mechanisms necessary and/or sufficient to elicit HIV-vaccine protection remain undefined. Utilising the SHIV rhesus macaque model the immunogenicity as well as the efficacy of ten different HIV-1 vaccine candidates was evaluated. Comparison of the immune responses induced, with the ability of the vaccine to protect from SHIV infection provided a means to determine which type of immune responses were necessary for protection. Vaccine candidates included VLPs, DNA, subunit protein with novel adjuvant formulations, ISCOMs and pox-virus vectors. Protection from SHIV infection was achieved in approximately half of the animals which received a primary intravenous cell-free challenge. The presence of CTL in the absence of other effector responses did not correlate with protection from this route and type of challenge. Virus neutralising antibodies (Nab) appeared to be necessary but alone were insufficient for protection. If Ag-specific IFN-gamma and/or IL-4 as well as lymphoproliferative (LP) responses were found with the lack of a detectable IL-2 response, then protection was not observed. Immunity correlated with the magnitude of Nab responses, beta-chemokines and as well as balanced, qualitative T-helper responses. 相似文献
108.
Equils O Deville JG Shapiro AM Sanchez CP 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》1999,13(9):771-772
A 19-year-old female on chronic peritoneal dialysis developed acute peritonitis; multiple peritoneal fluid and catheter tip
cultures yielded Penicillium species. She promptly responded to catheter removal and intravenous amphotericin B, followed by oral fluconazole, without
further recurrences 1 year later. This is the first reported case of Penicillium peritonitis in the pediatric population. We review the microbiology and clinical spectrum of this disease, as well as the
few previous reported cases in adults.
Received: 2 November 1998 / Revised: 1 February 1999 / Accepted: 4 February 1999 相似文献
109.
Rationale: Opioid antagonists are used to reverse the toxic effects of opioids, to diagnose opioid dependence and to treat opioid and
other (alcohol) drug abuse. Objectives: This study compared the discriminative stimulus effects of two opioid antagonists (naloxone and naltrexone), after parenteral
and oral administration. Methods: The discriminative stimulus effects of naloxone and naltrexone were evaluated every 15 min over a 2-h period in four morphine-treated
(3.2 mg/kg per day) rhesus monkeys discriminating between subcutaneous (SC) injections of naltrexone (0.01 or 0.032 mg/kg)
and saline, while responding under a fixed-ratio 5 schedule of stimulus shock termination. Results: Within 15 min of SC administration, naloxone and naltrexone produced greater than 90% drug-appropriate responding at doses
of 0.032 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. The largest dose of naloxone (3.2 mg/kg) administered orally produced 82% drug-appropriate
responding within 90 min; the same dose of naltrexone administered orally produced greater than 90% drug-appropriate responding
within 30 min. Although both drugs were at least 100-fold more potent when administered SC, as compared to orally, there
was little difference (3-fold) between the potency of naloxone and naltrexone by either route. Conclusions: These results fail to support the view that naloxone has reduced bioavailability after oral administration, as compared
to naltrexone, or that its pharmacokinetic profile is particularly advantageous for some therapeutic settings (e.g. Talwin
Nx).
Received: 15 July 1998 / Final version: 21 December 1998 相似文献
110.
Cheryl Burg Donna Hart Patricia Quinn Judith Rapoport 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》1978,8(4):427-439
The relationship between a newborn score of minor physical anomalies (MPAs) and behavior at ages 1 and 2 was examined. From an initial screening population of 933, 63 high anomaly and 78 low anomaly infants were followed until age 2 by examiners blind for the newborn anomaly score. High anomaly infants were more likely to be temperamentally difficult as rated by parent interview and direct observation. A subgroup of six infants who were considered irritable at both ages 1 and 2 were all from the high anomaly group. However, there was little agreement between behavioral ratings across situations and over time, and there were no significant predictors of behavior problems at age 2 based on any newborn or 1-year measure. These results indicate that the newborn anomaly score by itself is unlikely to prove clinically useful in predicting preschool behavior problems for an unselected population. The usefulness of this measure for other, high-risk, populations remains to be explored.Work done at Georgetown University School of Medicine was supported by a grant from the Easter Seal Research Foundation of the National Easter Seal Society for Crippled Children and Adults. The authors would like to thank John Bartko, Biometry Branch, NIMH, for advice on statistical analysis, and Frank Pederson, Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, NICHD, Bethesda, Maryland, and Richard Q. Bell, Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, for helpful discussion of this work. 相似文献