住院老年糖尿病病人疾病控制状况与影响因素调查

糖尿病(diabetes mellitus，DM)是老年人常见的慢性疾病.1996年全国糖尿病流行病学调查发现,60岁以上的老人糖尿病患病率超过10％,是总患病率的3倍以上[1].     

热敷法降低静脉滴注刺五加注射液不良反应的临床观察

目的：降低刺五加注射液在输液过程中的血管刺激症状。方法：随机将100例静脉点滴刺五加注射液的患者分为2组，各50例，实验组在输液过程中用热敷法，对照组用传统方法，比较两组不良反应的发生率。结果：实验组具有血管刺激症状8例（16％），对照组34例（68％），两组差异有显著性（P〈0．001）。结论：热敷法能降低刺五加注射液的血管刺激症状。     

声学密度技术在肝血管瘤和原发性肝癌鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 本研究旨在应用声学密度技术,研究肝血管瘤与原发性肝癌超声组织特征,探讨该方法对肝血管瘤和原发性肝癌组织特征在诊断中的应用价值.方法 采用Siemens Sonoline Antares型超声诊断仪的AD(acoustic Densitometry)软件系统,对30例肝血管瘤,18例原发性肝癌患者进行肿瘤组织声学密度测定.结果 肝血管瘤组织声学密度(15±4.51)dB低于原发性肝癌(24.04±2.98)dB,P＜0.001,最高密度与最低密度差(10.34±4.08)dB高于原发性肝癌(8.50±3.84)dB,P＜0.001.结论 肝血管瘤组织特征与原发性肝癌组织特征有明显不同,声学密度技术测定可鉴别肝肿瘤的性质.     

癌症患者及其家属生活质量的研究进展

癌症是一种严重威胁人类生命健康的难治性疾病，它的诊断和治疗往往给患者带来巨大的痛苦，同时也给患者家属带来了极大的压力。文章综述了癌症患者及其家属对癌症的反应，他们生活质量之间的相互关系以及影响他们生活质量的因素，以明确今后的研究方向。     

大同市成人高护自学考试情况的调查与分析

采用问卷形式对１２４名成人高护自学考生进行随机抽样调查。发现女性考生比例大，占９９％；其中大多数为中专学历。她们中参加自考的动机出于工作需要者占７６％，感到工作忙学习时间少而有困难者占８１．５％；认为集中辅导很有必要者占７８．３％。作者根据调查结果提出了针对性的建议。     

可溶性P-选择素及血栓调节蛋白在多器官功能障碍综合征早期诊断中的意义

目的 :观察多器官功能障碍综合征 (MODS)患者的内皮细胞功能改变 ,寻求早期诊断方法。方法 :采用免疫荧光技术连续监测 30例 ICU中严重感染、创伤患者外周血可溶性 P选择素 (s P选择素 )和血栓调节蛋白 (TM)浓度的动态变化 ,并计算其诊断 MODS的灵敏度、特异性和正确诊断指数。结果 :发生 MODS患者的 s P选择素、TM水平比未发生 MODS患者明显升高 (P均 <0 .0 5 )。 s P选择素对 MODS的诊断灵敏度高 ,但特异度不理想 ,诊断能力不高 ;提高诊断的截断值其特异度和正确诊断能力提高。TM对 MODS诊断的灵敏度高而特异度不足 ;诊断能力低 ;提升截断值后灵敏度下降 ,特异度提高 ,诊断能力提高 ,但 TM仍不足以作为独立的 MODS诊断指标。两个指标联合诊断意义更大。结论 :s P 选择素联合 TM有助于 MODS早期诊断     

Human JC virus-like particles as a gene delivery vector

INTRODUCTION: As a viral gene delivery vector, the recombinant JC virus-like particles (VLPs) can be easily generated in large quantities and at low cost. Exogenous genes of interest can be packaged by the VLP without the involvement of viral genetic material and then delivered into any tissue susceptible to JC virus (JCV) to allow gene transduction. Therefore, it should be possible in the future to develop a gene delivery vector using the human JC VLPs that will allow gene therapy. AREAS COVERED: Development of a gene delivery vector using the polyomavirus VLPs is reviewed in this article. The advantages and disadvantages of using JC VLP for gene delivery are discussed. EXPERT OPINION: Human JC VLPs are readily produced and can be engineered with ease; they allow specific targeting without the presence of any viral genetic material. For therapeutic purposes, gene(s) of interest or other compounds can be packaged into the VLP and delivered to JCV-susceptible cells at high efficiency.     

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach: clinical features and CT findings

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to investigate the computed tomographic characteristic and clinical findings of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (G-NEC) to increase awareness of this disease.

Methods

Twenty-two patients with a diagnosis of G-NEC were identified through the PACS of our hospital from August 2010 to November 2014. The clinical data, computed tomography (CT) features, and pathology records were analyzed.

Results

Among the 22 patients, 21 were male (95.45%), and 1 was female (4.55%). The mean age was 63.5 years old. Positive rates of neuroendocrine markers were 77.28% for chromogranin A staining, 86.36% for synaptophysin staining. All cases were single lesions including 16 (72.73%) in the gastric fundus, 3 (13.64%) in the gastric body and 1 (4.55%) in the gastric angle. Additionally 2 (9.09%) were found in the gastric antrum. Gastric wall was local thickening in 15 cases, and mass formation in 7 cases, with the stenosis and deformation of the adjacent gastric cavity. The long-axis diameter of the lesions ranged from 1.2 to7.4 cm (mean diameter, 2.47 cm), and the long-axis diameter was <2 cm in 12 case, 2–7.4 cm in 10 cases. The radiodensity values of the lesions were homogeneous density in 15 cases ranging from 22 to 47 HU (mean 34 HU). An ulcer with an irregular base and slightly raised borders located in the stomach was seen in 19 cases. The CT images showed homogeneous enhancement in 15 cases and heterogeneous enhancement in 7 cases. Obvious enhancement was seen in two cases, moderate enhancement was seen in sixteen cases, and mildly enhancement was seen in four cases. The peak value occurred in the arterial phase in 5 cases and the peak value was seen in 17 cases in the portal phase. Eleven lesions invaded the gastric serosa, and lymphatic metastasis was observed in 21 cases, 8 of which were combined with liver metastasis. CT images revealed 2 cases of the liver metastasis had obvious enhancement.

Conclusion

The CT features regarding location, incidence rates of ulcer and enhancement pattern described in our findings are common in all malignant gastric tumors. Therefore, the diagnosis of G-NEC must be confirmed with pathological test.