Peritoneal dialysis improves lung function in rats with lung injury induced by shock wave

Objective To prove the efficacy of peritoneal dialysis on shock wave-induced acute lung injury of rats, and analyze its mechanisms. Methods Forty-five adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, sham operation (Sham) group and peritoneal dialysis (PD) group. Sham group and PD group did abdominal catheterization before blast injury. The 55 kg shock wave (bst-I) was used to induce lung blast injury. After one hour of blast injury, PD group was given 2.5% peritoneal dialysate 20 ml to stay abdomen, which was released 30 min posted, repeated 12 cycles. After 6 hours of peritoneal dialysis, all of the rats were sacrificed. Partial damaged tissues in lung were used to evaluate the pathomorphologic changes by HE staining, and the remnants were used to measure the lung water content. Lung function was detected by blood gas analyzer and small animal detector from the arterial blood gas. The levels of serum inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were tested by ELISA. Results The relative integrity of alveolar structure, interstitial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in PD group were significantly improved than those in control group. The lung water content of PD group was significantly lower than that of control group (P＜0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 in serum of PD group were significantly lower than those in control group (all P＜0.05). The blood oxygen saturation, oxygen partial pressure, oxygenation index, vital capacity, functional residual volume and maximum mid-expiratory flow rate in PD group were significantly higher than those in control group (all P＜0.05). Conclusions Through reducing pulmonary edema and inflammatory factors, peritoneal dialysis can improve lung function in shock wave -induced acute lung injury of rats.     

Functionally navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation to evoke lingual pressure in stroke survivors with dysphagia and healthy adults: a proof of concept trial

ABSTRACT

Background

Post-stroke dysphagia is characterized by reduced corticolingual excitability and lingual pressure; however, it remains unknown if transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) directly facilitates lingual pressure generation.     

Short or Long Sleep Duration and CKD: A Mendelian Randomization Study

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双胎贫血-红细胞增多序列征分析及文献复习

目的探讨双胎贫血-红细胞增多序列征(TAPS)的临床特点，并进行文献复习。 方法选择2016年5月，四川大学华西第二医院新生儿科收治的单绒毛膜双羊膜囊(MCDA) TAPS新生儿(新生儿1、2)为研究对象。采用回顾性分析方法，收集本对TAPS新生儿的临床病例资料，对其临床特点进行分析。本研究对TAPS文献进行复习时，设定检索策略为：以"双胎贫血红-细胞增多序列征"为关键词，在中国知网、维普中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据知识服务平台中，检索TAPS相关文献，检索时间设定为各数据库建库至2018年8月31日。总结TAPS的临床特点及其诊断、治疗与预后。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。 结果①对本对TAPS新生儿母亲的临床资料采集如下：29岁，自然受孕，G₁P₀，孕龄为11^＋6孕周时，于本院建卡进行定期产前检查，乙型肝炎病毒携带病史20^＋年(接受定期随访)；孕龄为16^＋5孕周时，超声检查提示MCDA双活胎。于孕龄为36^＋4孕周时发现重度妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症，予以地塞米松促胎肺成熟、保肝及降胆汁酸等治疗1 d后，经剖宫产术分娩一对活男婴。②对本对TAPS新生儿的临床资料采集如下：均为男性，出生胎龄为36^＋5周。其中，新生儿1：出生体重为2 420 g，生后1、5、10 min Apgar评分均为10分，生后1 h＋58 min转入本院新生儿科，全身皮肤红紫，胃管内反复抽出咖啡色胃液，穿刺部位、脐带残端可见渗血。转入本院新生儿科时，血红蛋白(Hb)值为278 g/L，血细胞比容为78.4%，网织红细胞百分比为3.0%，诊断为红细胞增多症等。新生儿2：出生体重为1 870 g，生后1、5、10 min Apgar评分均为10分，生后34 min转入本院新生儿科，全身皮肤苍白、反应差，竖颈差，四肢肌张力减低，原始反射减弱，转入本院新生儿科时，Hb值为63 g/L，血细胞比容为21.2%，网织红细胞百分比为39.7%，诊断为重度新生儿贫血等。新生儿1、2的Hb差值为215 g/L，并且新生儿2与新生儿1网织红细胞百分比的比值为13.2，确诊为TAPS双胎新生儿。新生儿1、2均合并多系统并发症，分别予以部分换血、输血治疗后好转出院，生后随访1年，生长发育均正常。③文献复习结果：按照本研究设定的文献检索策略，共计检索出7篇报道TAPS研究的文献，涉及25对(50例)TAPS新生儿/胎儿的临床特点、诊治及预后等方面研究。其中，受血儿均表现为多血貌，供血儿均表现为贫血貌。50例TAPS新生儿/胎儿的治疗结局为：37例(74.0%)好转出院，1例(2.0%)纳入原始研究时尚未娩出，9例(18.0%)死亡，2例(4.0%)因严重并发症放弃治疗后结局不详，1例(2.0%)新生儿因气腹征转院接受进一步治疗后失访。在37例好转出院的TAPS新生儿中，4例(10.8%)合并低白蛋白血症，4例(10.8%)合并神经系统损害，22例(59.5%)合并心血管系统并发症，14例(37.8%)合并呼吸系统并发症，14例(37.8%)合并新生儿黄疸；对其均缺乏长期随访，长期预后均不详。 结论国内报道的TAPS多于生后才被确诊，新生儿临床特点主要为MCDA新生儿的生后Hb差值大(>80 g/L)，而羊水量差异不明显，可合并多系统并发症，其长期预后目前尚不明确。对MCDA新生儿的大脑中动脉峰值流速(MCA-PSV)测定与胎盘超声检查，可协助临床于产前尽早诊断TAPS。     

孕期抗病毒治疗结合标准阻断措施对乙型肝炎高病毒载量孕妇所生婴儿母婴传播阻断的影响

目的分析乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)高载量孕妇孕期HBV脱氧核糖核酸(HBV desoxyribonucleic acid,HBV-DNA)水平和HBVe抗原(HBV e antigen,HBeAg)阳性率以及孕期抗病毒治疗结合标准阻断措施对其所生婴儿母婴传播阻断失败率的影响。方法通过医院信息系统收集HBV-DNA高载量(≥2×10^6IU/mL)孕妇血清学检测结果、抗病毒药物使用等信息,描述HBV-DNA载量和HBeAg阳性率;对HBV-DNA高载量孕妇所生婴儿进行乙肝疫苗(Hepatitis B vaccine,HepB)和乙肝免疫球蛋白(Hepatitis B immunoglobulin,HBIG)联合免疫,在完成第3剂HepB后7月龄-2岁对乙肝表面抗原和HBV-DNA进行随访检测,分析母婴传播阻断失败率。结果共纳入1822名HBV-DNA高载量孕妇,接受、未接受抗病毒治疗分别占75.19%、24.81%。孕妇妊娠期、分娩前HBV-DNA≥1.0×10^8IU/mL比例分别为68.10%(933/1370)、0.15%(2/1370)(χ^2=2692.27,P<0.0001)。接受抗病毒治疗组妊娠期、分娩前HBeAg阳性率分别为96.53%(1001/1037)、96.16%(1251/1301)(χ^2=0.23,P=0.635),未接受抗病毒治疗组妊娠期、分娩前HBeAg阳性率分别为97.70%(298/305)、96.98%(417/430)(χ^2=0.36,P=0.550)。两组HepB和HBIG联合免疫后母婴传播阻断失败率分别为0.42%(3/714)、6.67%(14/210)(χ^2=31.69,P<0.0001)。结论孕妇HBV-DNA高载量以≥1.0×10^8IU/mL为主,孕期抗病毒治疗可显著降低孕妇HBV-DNA载量,结合HepB和HBIG联合免疫可显著降低其所生婴儿HBV母婴传播阻断失败率。     

Inner choroidal ischaemia and CNV due to handheld laser-induced maculopathy: a case report and review

There has been a sharp rise of reported handheld laser-induced maculopathy (HLIM) cases over the past decade, a concerning trend that may continue due to unregulated online access to high power lasers. Though HLIM has distinct clinical features, not uncommonly it may masquerade as other retinal disorders. It is critical therefore to recognise the clinical and multimodal imaging characteristics of this important and potentially devastating condition. As HLIM patients are typically young, unique issues need to be considered, such as delayed presentation, difficult history, poor compliance and behavioural or psychiatric comorbidity. This article will review the clinical and diagnostic features of laser injury, with a special emphasis on the multimodal retinal findings. In addition, we present a unique case of HLIM, resembling the presentation of a placoid disease variant and illustrating choroidal ischaemia using advanced retinal imaging, that offers further insight into the mechanisms of laser injury and its complications. The issues addressed in this review aim to increase recognition of an increasingly important and trending condition with potentially profound visual complications.Subject terms: Retinal diseases, Paediatrics, Trauma     

Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis Identifies Three Novel Susceptibility Loci and Reveals Ethnic Heterogeneity of Genetic Susceptibility for IgA Nephropathy

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The role of online videos in teaching procedural skills to post-graduate medical learners: A systematic narrative review

Abstract

Objective: Online videos are commonly used in medical education. The aim of this review was to investigate the role of online instructional videos in teaching procedural skills to postgraduate medical learners.

Methods: This systematic narrative review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, ERIC and Google Scholar were searched. Full texts that applied to online videos, postgraduate medical learners and procedural skills were included without language restrictions. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using a validated tool. A thematic analysis of the studies was carried out using a general inductive approach.

Results: A total of 785 articles were retrieved and the full text was reviewed for 66 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. Twenty papers that were relevant to the role of online videos in postgraduate medical education of procedural skills were used for this review. They were heterogenous in the outcomes collected and the evidence was of variable quality. There was strong evidence for the use of online videos for procedural skill knowledge acquisition and retention. Online videos were used for various purposes, such as supervision, assessment, postoperative debriefing, providing feedback, and promoting reflection.

Conclusion: Online videos are a valuable educational tool especially for procedural skill knowledge acquisition and retention. Future research needs to be carried out on the appropriate use of platforms in disseminating and using online videos, identifying the factors surrounding the learners, video characteristics, and data protection.     

Novel Risk Factors for Progression of Diabetic and Nondiabetic CKD: Findings From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study

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