中美护理本科《护理学基础》课程设置的比较研究

[目的]对中美护理本科《护理学基础》课程设置情况进行比较,为中国护理本科《护理学基础》课程改革提供可借鉴的科学依据。[方法]选取美国和中国各20所全日制护理院校对其护理专业本科课程《护理学基础》的开设情况进行统计分析。[结果]美国护理本科有65.00%的院校开设《护理学基础》,其实践学时和理论学时数分别为30学时~135学时和20学时~56学时,两者比值为1.00~3.00;中国护理本科院校均开设《护理学基础》,其实践学时和理论学时数分别为18学时~268学时和54学时~128学时,两者比值为0.33~2.31。[结论]中美护理本科《护理学基础》课程开设情况存在一定差异,我国《护理学基础》有内容较简单、操作多、理论少、学时数较多特点;而美国《护理学基础》学时数较少,实践学时所占比例较大。     

Neural network models for the gaze shift system in the superior colliculus and cerebellum.

We investigate the role that the superior colliculus (SC) and the cerebellum might play in generating gaze shifts. The discharge of cells in the intermediate layers of the SC is tightly linked to the occurrence of saccades. Many studies have demonstrated that the cerebellum is involved in both eye and head movements. When the head is unrestrained, large amplitude gaze shifts are composed of coordinated eye and head movements. In this study, we propose that the gaze saccades system is controlled by a feedback loop between the SC and the cerebellum. The SC only encodes retinal coordinates and controls the eye displacement (to move the fovea to the target), while the cerebellum deals with the gaze programming and controls the head displacement. When a target appears in space, the buildup cells within the SC decode the target signal in the retina before the saccade onset, and input the signal of the gaze displacement to the cerebellum. The cells in the cerebellum vermis encode the initial position of the eye in the orbit. The gaze displacement is decomposed into the head amplitude and the eye amplitude within the cerebellum. There are two output signals from the cerebellum. One signal controls the head movement. The other is projected back to the SC, and forms a component of the saccade vector to control the eye movement. The sum of the vectors provided by the cerebellum and the vector provided by the burst cells in the SC indicates the direction and the amplitude of the desired movement of the eye during the saccade. We propose a cerebellum model to predict the displacements of the eye and head under the condition that the position of the target signal in the retina and the initial position of the eye in the orbit are known. The results from the model are close to that observed physiologically. We conclude that before gaze shift onset, the cerebellum may play an important role in decomposing the gaze displacement into an eye amplitude and head amplitude signal.     

New Exploration of Needling Manipulations at Point Tianzong

In present clinical practice, point Tianzong (SI 11) is often used to treat pain and numbness in the scapular region and the upper limbs. The authors have tried various needling manipulations at this point and obtained extraordinarily good therapeutic result, as is reported in the following.     

黄连细胞二步法悬浮培养生产黄连生物碱类成分的探索

为提高用植物细胞培养生产镒生代谢产物的单位产量，作者对黄连细胞采用二步法悬浮培养生产黄连生物碱进行了探索。结果显示：黄连细胞采用一步法悬浮培养６周，细胞干，鲜重产率分别为２０．９６ｇ／Ｌ和１７４．９２ｇ／Ｌ，增重约７００％，细胞中总生物碱含量为１４．７９ｍｇ／ｇ．ｃｅｌｌ ｄｗ，培养基中生物碱量为１２．９６ｍｇ／Ｌ，每升培养液共可收获生物碱３２３ｍｇ。采用先在生长培养基中培养３周，在合成碱量为１２     

Clinical pathologic study on effect of Qianggan capsule in treating patients of chronic hepatitis B with liver cirrhosis

Objective  

To explore the clinical therapeutic effect of Qianggan Capsule (QGC) in treating chronic hepatitis B with liver fibrosis from the pathological aspect.     

抗生素C3221-A的分离及结构鉴定

对嗜热放线菌X3221的发酵液进行溶剂萃取、Sephadex LH-20柱分离、中压控纯化,得到一具有抗菌和抗肿瘤活性的抗生素C3221-A。通过理化性质比较和结构单定确定其为Thermorubin A。