七个不同产地牛蒡子中牛蒡苷的含量比较

目的对七个不同产地牛蒡子中的牛蒡苷进行含量测定,做出质量评价。方法采用薄层色谱法（TLC）进行定性鉴别,高效液相色谱法（HPLC）进行含量测定。结果吉林产牛蒡子中牛蒡苷含量最高,质量较好;甘肃定西、四川康定、宁夏银川产牛蒡子中牛蒡苷的含量亦较高。结论甘肃虽不是牛蒡子主产区,但甘肃定西栽培及野生牛蒡子中牛蒡苷含量较高,质量较好。     

股骨远端复杂骨折术中下肢力线恢复方法的研究

目的探讨股骨远端复杂骨折术中下肢力线的恢复与疗效分析。方法自1999牟5月至2005年9月共手术治疗35例股骨远端复杂骨折,其中男30例,女5例,平均47．5岁。骨折分型：MullerA3型10例,C2型18例,C3型7例,均行切开复位钢板内固定植骨,同时注意恢复正常的下肢力线。下肢力线的恢复以健侧为参照标准。测量方法：自髂前上棘至第1、2趾间拉一直线,计算髌骨中心至该直线的垂直距离,并与健侧比较。结果35例患者中30例获得随访,随访时间14—36个月,平均21个月,按Rasmussen膝关节评分标准,结果：优20例,良5例,可3例,差2例,优良率达83．3％,膝关节功能与下肢力线正常与否密切相关。结论术中下肢力线的纠正是膝关节功能恢复的重要保证,同时,要充分考虑导致术后下肢力线异常的主要因素并给予相应处理。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血清脂肪细胞因子与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的 探讨PCOS患者血清脂肪细胞因子与胰岛素敏感性的相关性.方法 将PCOS患者60例分为肥胖组PCOS36例、非肥胖组PCOS24例,将同期就诊的男方因素不孕症患者(正常体重)26例作对照组.进行内分泌代谢指标测定,采用空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)评估胰岛素敏感性;并应用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清游离脂肪酸(FFA)、瘦素及C反应蛋白(CRP),放射免疫法测定血清脂联素(APN)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-6.结果 (1)肥胖组PCOS的血清APN为(10±7)mg/L,低于非肥胖组PCOSE(17±9)mg/L]和对照组,均P＜0.01;FFA为(548±105)μmol/L,高于非肥胖组PCOS[(427±67)μmoL/L]和对照组,P＜0.01;血清瘦素水平为(42±21)μg/L,高于非肥胖组PCOS[(24±13)μg/L]和对照组,均P＜0.01.非肥胖组PCOS与对照组间APN、FFA和瘦素差异无统计学意义.血清IL-6肥胖组PCOS[(173 4-184)ng/L]和非肥胖组PCOS[(184±44)ng/L]均高于对照组(P＜0.05、P＜0.01);血清TNF-α非肥胖组PCOS[(0.97±0.33)μg/L]和肥胖组PCOS[(0.82 4-0.21)μg/L]均高于对照组(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);非肥胖组PCOS TNF-α高于肥胖组(P＜0.05).非肥胖组和肥胖组的PCOS患者血清中CRP高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(2)瘦素与人体质量指数(BMI)、腰臀比及HOMA-IR呈正相关(P＜0.01),APN与BMI、腰臀比及HOMA-IR呈负相关(P＜0.01).(3)BMI和TNF-α是FINS的独立影响因素,APN是除FINS、空腹血葡萄糖、BMI外,对HOMA-IR的独立影响因素.结论 炎性因子可能参与了非肥胖型PCOS患者IR的发生;而肥胖型PCOS IR的进一步加重可能与其脂肪组织分泌瘦素、FFA增多及分泌APN减少相关.     

Depression and social support among HIV-affected adolescents

Adolescents of parents infected with HIV/AIDS (HIV-affected adolescents) were recruited from August 1993 to March 1995 to examine their depression as a function of their social support. Adolescent depression and the size, frequency of contact, satisfaction, negative role model influence, and positive social support were examined. Adolescent depression was associated with higher parent depression score, parental HIV disclosure, conduct problems, and was inversely related to higher self-esteem, being male, and a positive living situation. Negative social support was significantly associated with higher adolescent depression, indicating negative role model influence may be more salient than size, frequency of contact, perception, or positive social support. The findings underscore the complex relationships between social support and mental/behavioral outcomes among HIV-affected adolescents as well as the need to examine HIV disclosure in more detail within the context of adolescent social support.     

Cloning and expression of special F protein from human liver

AIM: To clone human liver special F protein and to express it in a prokaryotic system. METHODS: Total RNA was isolated from human liver tissue and first-strand cDNA was reverse transcribed using the PCR reverse primer. Following this, cDNA of the F protein was ligated into the clone vector pUCm-T. The segment of F protein's cDNA was subcloned into the expression vector pET-15b and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) pLyss. Isopropy-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) was then used to induce expression of the target protein. RESULTS: The cDNA clone of human liver special F protein (1134bp) was successfully produced, with the cDNA sequence being published in Gene-bank: DQ188836. We confirmed the expression of F protein by Western blot with a molecular weight of 43 kDa. The expressed protein accounted for 40% of the total protein extracted. CONCLUSION: F protein expresses cDNA clone in a prokaryotic system, which offers a relatively simple way of producing sufficient quantities of F protein and contributes to understanding the principal biological functions of this protein.     

Effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate on ion channels and glutamate-activated current in cultured rat hippocampal neurons

Concern on an emerging persistent contaminant, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), is increasingly growing. Although the fate, transport, distribution and bioaccumulation of PFOS have been documented, its toxicological effects especially neurotoxicity remain largely unknown. In this study, the effects of PFOS on ion channels including potassium and sodium channels and exogenous glutamate-activated current in cultured rat hippocampal neurons were examined, based on whole-cell patch-clamp recording. PFOS markedly increased two subtypes of potassium currents, including transient outward current and delayed rectifier current, at doses over 10 μM. PFOS did not affect the amplitude of sodium current at all administrated doses (1, 10 or 100 μM) but clearly shifted the activation current–voltage curve toward negatively potential. Further, PFOS significantly altered the glutamate-activated current at all doses. Taken together these findings indicated that PFOS disturbs the neuronal physiological processes, which revealed the damage of this pollutant to nerve system and will be helpful for further exploration to its underlying mechanism.     

GA3, a new gambogic acid derivative,exhibits potent antitumor activities in vitro via apoptosis-involved mechanisms

Aim:

Gambogic acid (GA) is the major active ingredient of gamboge, which is secreted from a Chinese traditional medicine, Garcinia hanburyi, which possesses potent antitumor activity. GA3, a new GA derivative, has been shown to possess better water solubility than GA. The aim of the present study was to examine the antitumor activity of GA3 and the mechanism underlying it.

Methods:

The growth inhibition of cancer cell lines induced by GA3 was assessed using the SRB assay. DAPI staining, flow cytometry, a DNA fragment assay, and Western blot analysis were used to study the apoptotic mechanisms of GA3.

Results:

GA3 displayed wide cytotoxicity in diversified human cancer cell lines with a mean IC₅₀ value of 2.15 μmol/L. GA3 was also effective against multidrug resistant cells, with an average resistance factor (RF) that was much lower than that of the reference drug, doxorubicin. Mechanistic studies revealed that GA3-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells proceeded via both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, with caspase-8 functioning upstream of caspase-9. In addition, GA3-driven apoptotic events were associated with up-regulation of Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2 and cleavage of Bid. Moreover, GA3 triggered cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, in particular bypassing the involvement of the mitochondrial membrane potential.

Conclusion:

Better solubility and a potential anti-MDR activity, combined with a comparable antitumor efficacy, make GA3 a potential drug candidate in cancer therapy that deserves further investigation.     

不同品种新疆甘草高效液相色谱指纹图谱研究

目的：研究甘草甲醇．水提取物中物质组成情况,对不同品种甘草进行HPLC指纹图谱分析。方法：测定了新疆产3个《中国药典》收载品种野生甘草的指纹图谱,对其中甘草苷、甘草酸进行了含量测定;利用SPSS统计软件筛选了可区别品种的特征峰,并据此对3个品种进行了判别分析。结果：对少量样品的初步判别分析取得了较为满意的结果。结论：本法与甘草酸、甘草苷的定量、甘草液相色谱一质谱指纹图谱定性相结合,可直接了解各种甘草品种与化学成分变化的关系。     

Efficient inhibition of human cytomegalovirus UL122 gene expression in cell by small interfering RNAs

In order to develop a gene therapy to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), RNA interference (RNAi) was employed to inhibit the expression of HCMV UL122 gene in vitro. Recombinant vector pUL122‐EGFP, which expressed UL122‐EGFP fusion protein, and recombinant vectors psi122‐1, psi122‐2 and psi122‐3, which expressed small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeted to UL122 were contransfected into AD293 cells. The fluorescence signal of pUL122‐EGFP was greatly suppressed by psi122‐1 and psi122‐2, with an inhibitory rate of 82.0% ± 1.0% and 79.5% ± 2.5%, respectively. The mRNA of pUL122‐EGFP of the cells transfected with psi122‐1 and psi122‐2 was decreased 97.3% ± 0.6% and 98.0% ± 0.1%, respectively. Vector psi122‐3 showed a slightly low suppression rate. Therefore, it may be concluded that plasmids encoding siRNAs targeted to UL122 is able to in vitro reduce markedly the expression of UL122‐EGFP. And it is very likely that the psi122‐1 and psi122‐2 are potentially efficacious siRNAs in the gene therapy of HCMV infection in vivo, in which further investigations are required. This study is expected to greatly facilitate the use of the RNAi technology for the anti‐HCMV studies. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)