提高乳腺癌早期诊断水平的研究

目的：评价育龄妇女乳腺疾病普查、乳腺钼靶摄片及^99mTc-MIBI核素显像在乳腺癌早期诊断中的价值，探索提高乳腺癌早期诊断的方法。方法：对徐州地区10万例育龄妇女进行乳腺疾病的普查，筛选出的乳腺癌高危人群及门诊就诊的乳腺疾{戎患者行乳腺钼靶摄片及^99mTc-MIB核素显像检查。结果：普查乳腺癌检出率为28．9／10万。乳腺钼靶摄片诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度为90．2％、特异性为31.4％。^99mTc-MIBI核素显像灵敏度为82．5％，特异性为90．2％。联合应用乳腺钼靶摄片与^99mTc-MIBI核素显像，对乳腺癌诊断的灵敏性为100％，特异性为99．3％。结论：育龄妇女乳腺疾病普查，结合乳腺钼靶摄片及^99mTc-MIBI核素显像可以明显提高乳腺癌的诊断率。     

川红花产地环境及品质特性研究

川红花是传统的活血化瘀中药材,本文从川红花道地产区简阳的产地生态环境、产区的种植历史、与其它品种质量的比较等多方面研究了川红花的品质特性。结果表明,简阳具有悠久的川红花种植历史,良好的种植技术和品牌效应,产地生态环境因子（大气、土壤、农田灌溉、水质）符合中药材生产质量管理规范（GAP）要求;川红花品种的有效成份黄色素和红色素含量高,其吸收度分别为0.614和0.844,符合《中国药典》2000年版一部要求,并高于其它同生态条件种植的非地道性品种,其水溶性黄酮苷类的含量也高于其它品种;在不影响黄色素和黄酮苷类含量的条件下改进采收加工技术可大幅度提高红色素的含量,吸收度可达1.271,对红色素工业化提取极有利用价值;川红花药材的主要重金属和农药残留量均明显低于国家药材进出口绿色行业标准。实施川红花规范化栽培及按GAP要求建立生产基地后将进一步提高川红花的品质,增强川红花的国际市场竟争能力。     

不同产地白术的多糖含量测定

目的:对不同产地共8批白术的多糖含量进行了测定。方法:苯酚-硫酸比色法。结果:不同产地白术的多糖含量差异较大。结论:该法为白术的质量评价及质量控制提供了研究基础。     

槐耳颗粒对胸部恶性肿瘤病人术后免疫功能的影响

目的：观察槐耳颗粒（金克）对胸部恶性肿瘤病人术后细胞免疫功能的影响，探讨胸部恶性肿瘤病人后辅以槐耳颗粒治疗的临床意义。方法：选取33例胸部恶性肿瘤病人，术后用槐耳颗粒治疗1个疗程（12周），监测其T细胞亚群CD3、CD4、CD8及CD4／CD8比值的变化，并对照20例胸部良性疾病的T细胞亚群监测结果进行比较。结果：胸部良，恶性疾病手术后细胞免疫功能与正常水平相比均显著下降，经槐耳颗粒治疗后恶性肿瘤病人的细胞免疫功能恢复到相对正常水平，结论：槐耳颗粒可改善胸部恶性肿瘤病人术后的细胞免疫功能。     

食管癌淋巴结转移的临床病理因素

目的 探讨食管癌淋巴结转移的临床病理相关因素。方法 对204例食管癌根治标本进行统计,分析各主要临床病理改变与淋巴结转移关系。结果 204例食管癌中有淋巴结转移者89例,淋巴结转移率为43.6％。胸中段癌淋巴结转移率为48.0％,胸上段癌和胸下段癌的淋巴结转移率分别为32.0％和26.9％。髓质型和溃疡型淋巴结转移率分别为47.6％和56.0％,除缩窄型外其他类型转移率最高者为21.4％。男性患者淋巴结转移率为54.3％,女性淋巴结转移率为28.4％。浸润至黏膜层和黏膜下层者,未发现淋巴结转移,浸润至浅肌层、深肌层、纤维膜者淋巴结转移率分别为28.6％、45.6％和48.8％。以上四种因素中前后两者间比较差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。淋巴结转移率与年龄无关,也不随肿瘤大小的增加而增加。结论 男性食管胸中段癌患者淋巴结转移率较高,尤其当肿物为髓质型和溃疡型时最为显著。     

Cisplatin down-regulation of cellular Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme-like inhibitory proteins to restore tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis in human melanoma cells.

PURPOSE: Many melanoma cell lines and primary cultures are resistant to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms that control melanoma cell resistance and searched for chemotherapeutic drugs that could overcome the TRAIL resistance in melanoma cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We examined 21 melanoma cell lines and 3 primary melanoma cultures for their sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, and then tested cisplatin, chemptothecin, and etoposide for their synergistic effects on TRAIL sensitivity in resistant melanoma cells. RESULTS: Of 21 melanoma cell lines, 11 showed various degrees of sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through caspase-8-initiated cleavage of caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation factor 45. The remaining cell lines and primary cultures were resistant to TRAIL, but cisplatin, chemptothecin, and etoposide sensitized the resistant cell lines and primary cultures to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, which also occurred through the caspase-8-initiated caspase cascade. Of the two TRAIL death receptors (DR4 and DR5), melanoma cells primarily expressed DR5 on cell surface. Cisplatin treatment had no effects on cell surface DR5 expression or intracellular expression of Fas-associated death domain and caspase-8. Instead, cisplatin treatment down-regulated intracellular expression of the short form of cellular Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) and inhibited phosphorylation of the long form of c-FLIP. CONCLUSIONS: The results presented here indicate that cisplatin inhibits c-FLIP protein expression and phosphorylation to restore TRAIL-induced caspase-8-initiated apoptosis in melanoma cells, thus providing a new combined therapeutic strategy for melanomas.     

Technetium-99m tetrofosmin SPECT predicts chemotherapy response in small cell lung cancer.

The multidrug resistance gene 1 encoding human P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is thought to play an important role in the multidrug resistance of lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to predict chemotherapy response by technetium-99m tetrofosmin (Tc-99m TF) lung single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and compare Pgp expression in patients with untreated small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Forty patients with untreated SCLC received Tc-99m TF lung SPECT prior to chemotherapy. The chemotherapy response was evaluated in the 3rd month after completion of treatment. Immunohistochemical staining of Pgp expression was performed on multiple nonconsecutive sections of biopsy specimens. By quantitative analyses, tumor to background ratios were 1.86 +/- 0.27 and 1.17 +/- 0.26 for patients with a good and poor response, respectively (p < 0.05). All of the 20 patients with a good chemotherapy response also had a positive Tc-99m TF lung SPECT and negative Pgp expression. In contrast, only 4 of the 20 patients with a poor chemotherapy response had a positive Tc-99m TF lung SPECT. Moreover, 10 of the 20 patients with a poor chemotherapy response also had negative Pgp expression (p < 0.05). Therefore, we concluded that Tc-99m TF lung SPECT can accurately predict the chemotherapy response, and Tc-99m TF lung SPECT findings can be partially compatible with Pgp expression in patients with untreated SCLC.     

Tissue factor expression correlates with tumor angiogenesis and invasiveness in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Recent studies have shown that tissue factor (TF) may be involved in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. The role of TF in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was unknown. This study evaluated whether TF expression correlates with microvessel density (MVD), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, tumor invasiveness, and prognosis in human HCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Tissue samples were obtained from 58 specimens of resected HCC. Immunohistochemical expression of TF was examined, and tumor MVD was evaluated using CD34 as the endothelial marker. TF and VEGF protein levels in the tumor cytosol were quantified by ELISA. Clinicopathologic and follow-up data of patients were prospectively collected. RESULTS: The immunohistochemical expression of TF in the tumors correlated significantly with tumor MVD (P = 0.002). The median cytosolic TF protein level in the tumors was 720 pg/mg total protein (range, 67-2406 pg/mg total protein). A significant positive correlation was found between TF and VEGF levels in the tumor cytosol (r = 0.475, P < 0.001). High tumor cytosolic TF level was associated with venous invasion (P = 0.004), microsatellite nodules (P = 0.024), unencapsulated tumor (P = 0.007), and advanced tumor stage (P = 0.010). A higher than median tumor cytosolic TF level was an independent predictor of poor survival (risk ratio, 1.836; 95% confidence interval 1.130-5.312, P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that TF is related to tumor angiogenesis and invasiveness in HCC. Evaluation of tumor TF expression may be useful as a prognostic indicator in patients with HCC.