恶性疟原虫113肽抗原基因重组的减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌在家兔中免疫应答的研究

我们已经在减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌ＳＬ３２６１以融合蛋白的形式表达了人工合成的恶性疟原虫杂合１１３肽基因ＡＢ（ＧＺ－ＡＢ）。活菌以２×１０９ＣＦＵ经口服免疫新西兰家兔，用ＥＬＩＳＡ测定抗体水平，结果于首次免疫或加强免疫后都可检测到一定水平的特异性抗体。所免疫的家免可以诱发针对恶性疟原虫抗原及ＧＺ－ＡＢ的迟发性超敏反应（ＤＴＨ）。我们的研究表明，含有多个恶性疟原虫抗原表位的人工合成基因可以在减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌中表达，活菌可诱发家兔产生特异的体液免疫及细胞免疫，为恶性疟口服活菌苗的制备打下基础。     

大鼠脊髓损伤后NGF及其受体TrkA在运动神经元及神经胶质细胞表达的变化

为探讨脊髓损伤后运动神经元及神经胶质细胞内神经生长因子(NGF)及其高亲和力受体(TrkA)表达的变化,用改良Allen重击法损伤SCI组动物T12脊髓,按伤后存活时间再将动物分为脊髓损1 d组、2 d组和5 d组。各组动物的脊髓切片经ABC法免疫组织化学染色,用光镜观察TrkA及NGF在脊髓前角运动神经元表达的变化和胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)及NGF免疫反应阳性胶质细胞的反应性增生程度,并进行图像分析。结果显示:脊髓损伤后前角运动神经元TrkA及NGF的表达随脊髓损伤后动物存活时间的延长逐渐上调;脊髓白质和灰质内尤其是皮质脊髓束内GFAP及NGF阳性胶质细胞明显增生;与此同时,室管膜细胞内亦可见明显的NGF免疫反应产物。上述结果表明,脊髓损伤可刺激脊髓前角运动神经元表达TrkA及NGF,通过自分泌维持受损神经元的存活;损伤部位反应性增生的胶质细胞亦可产生NGF,通过旁分泌作用于脊髓前角运动神经元或皮质脊髓束的轴突末梢,以维持运动神经元的存活及促进皮质脊髓束的再生;适时补充外源性神经营养素或改变损伤局部的微环境将有利于受损脊髓的修复和再生。     

Creatine kinase activity associated with the contractile proteins of the guinea-pig carotid artery

Summary Activity and role of creatine kinase associated with contractile proteins of vascular smooth muscle have been investigated using skinned guinea-pig carotid artery rings. Membrane solubilization was performed with the detergent Triton X-100. Creatine kinase activity, isoenzyme profile as well as mechanics were performed on the Triton skinned carotid artery rings. Total creatine kinase activity was 47.3±9.3 IU g¹ ww and electrophoresis showed BB, MB, and MM isoforms (BB-CK being the predominant isoenzyme). One hour incubation with Triton X-100, produced predominantly BB-CK remaining with the myofibrils with some MB, representing 23% of the preskinned creatine activity. When relaxed carotid artery rings were exposed to pCa 9 in the presence of 250 M ADP, 0 ATP, and 12 mM phosphocreatine, tension was not significantly different from resting tension, but changing to pCa 4.5 caused the carotid artery rings to generate 49.5±4.5% of maximal tension. When a high-tension rigor state was achieved (250 M ADP, 0 ATP, 0 phosphocreatine, and pCa 9), the addition of 12 mM phosphocreatine effected significant relaxation. These observations implicate an endogenous form of creatine kinase, associated with the myofilaments, which is capable of producing enough ATP for submaximal tension generation and significant relaxation from rigor conditions. These results suggest co-localization of ATPase, MLCK, and creatine kinase on the contractile proteins of the carotid artery. Such an enzymic association may play a role in the energetic supply to the contractile apparatus of vascular smooth muscle.Recipient of INSERM/NIH Fogarty International Fellowship, TW01585-01.     

Association of the CTLA-4 gene with rheumatoid arthritis in Chinese Han population

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is important for downregulation of T-cell activation, and CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms have been implicated as risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous studies of the association between the +49 polymorphism of the CTLA-4 gene in RA have provided conflicting results. In order to determine association of the CTLA-4 gene with RA in Chinese Han population, we used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to genotype polymorphisms of four SNPs (MH30, +49, CT60 and JO31) of the CTLA-4 gene in 326 RA patients and 250 healthy controls. Furthermore, meta-analysis of all available studies relating +49 polymorphism to the risk of RA was performed to confirm the disease association. Among the SNPs examined, the genotype frequencies of CTLA-4 +49 and CT60 in RA patients differed significantly from controls (P=0.028 and 0.007). In addition, the distribution of four haplotypes constructed by these two SNPs was significantly different between patients and controls (chi(2)=10.58, d.f. =3, P=0.014). The meta-analysis also revealed that in both European and Asian populations, the CLTA-4 +49 G allele was associated with the risk of RA. These results suggested that the CTLA-4 gene might be involved in the susceptibility to RA in the Chinese Han population and both +49 and CT60 of CTLA-4 gene might be the causal variants in RA disease.     

Activation of invariant NK T cells protects against experimental rheumatoid arthritis by an IL-10-dependent pathway

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique lymphocyte subtype implicated in the regulation of autoimmunity and a good source of protective Th2 cytokines. Agonist alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) of iNKT cells exert a therapeutical effect in type 1 diabetes. We investigated whether iNKT activation with alpha-GalCer was protective in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice, a standard model of rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we have shown that in vivo iNKT cell function was altered in DBA/1 mice since stimulation with alpha-GalCer led to decreased IL-4 and IFN-gamma levels in sera, as compared with C57BL/6 mice. alpha-GalCer induced a clear-cut diminution of clinical and histological arthritides. An anti-IL-10 receptor antibody abrogated the protective effect of alpha-GalCer, suggesting a key role for IL-10 in the protection against CIA by activated iNKT cells. Confirming these data, disease protection conferred by alpha-GalCer correlated with the ability of LN CD4+ cells to secrete larger amounts of IL-10. These findings suggest that in CIA susceptibility to autoimmunity is associated with dysfunctions of iNKT cells. Our demonstration that iNKT cell activation by alpha-GalCer remains efficient in CIA-prone DBA/1 mice to provide protective IL-10 suggests that this could be used therapeutically to treat autoimmune arthritis.     

恶性疟原虫抗原基因在鼠伤寒沙门氏菌中的表达及免疫原性的初步鉴定

将人工合成的恶性疟原虫杂合７４肽抗原基因克隆到表达载体ｐＷＲ４５０－１中，获得了重组质粒ｐＷＲＣ，将其先转化到减毒伤寒沙门氏菌ＬＢ５０００修饰后，再转化到ＳＬ３２６１，得到重组减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌ＳＬ３２６１（ｐＷＲＣ）。ｐＷＲＣ在ＳＬ３２６１中以β－半乳糖苷酶－杂合多肽抗原Ｃ融合蛋白（ＧＺ－Ｃ）形式表达，表达量约占菌体蛋白总量的１１．３％．Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ及免疫双扩散显示ＧＺ－Ｃ可与兔抗ＧＺ－Ｃ抗原的免疫血清发生特异反应。ＧＺ－Ｃ识别兔抗ＧＺ－Ｃ及鼠抗恶性疟原虫抗血清的ＥＬＩＳＡ滴度分别为１：３２００及１：５１２０。初步结果表明ＳＬ３２６１（ｐＷＲＣ）表达的ＧＺ－Ｃ具有抗原性。连续传代ＳＬ３２６１（ｐＷＲＣ）未见质粒ｐＷＲＣ丢失及对宿主有明显的毒性。     

推进全球公共卫生治理建设的挑战与思考

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情极大威胁了人类健康和全球公共卫生安全,严重破坏了各国的卫生健康系统,加剧了全球卫生健康的系统性不公平,进而导致了可持续发展目标进展缓慢甚至逆转,由此凸显了推进全球公共卫生治理建设的紧迫性。目前,全球公共卫生治理面临诸多挑战,如治理共同体的理念尚未得到普遍共识,治理结构的领导权威缺位,治理机制的效率低下,公共卫生信息监测系统的数字鸿沟明显等。为此,建议从以下5个方面推进全球公共卫生治理建设：加快构建人类卫生健康命运共同体,加快全球公共卫生治理机制的构建和完善,确保全球公共卫生产品供给的公平和可及,重塑全球公共卫生治理结构的领导体系,弥合全球公共卫生信息监测能力的差距。     

肺癌患者的血浆、胸水纤溶活性及其临床意义

目的：研究纤溶活性在肺癌扩散中的影响。方法：检测29例肺癌患者、21例良性胸腔积液患者血浆、胸液中组织纤溶酶原激活物活性（t－PA）纤溶酶原活化抑制因子（PAI－1）活性。结果：肺癌组血浆、胸液中（t－PA)活性均明显高于对照组（P＜0．05）,而PAI－1活性则与对照组相似（P＞0．05）。结论：肺癌患者的纤溶失衡与其远处转移可能有一定关系。     

对乙型肝炎表面抗原破坏试验中HBsAg试验浓度的初步探讨

目的：探讨乙型肝炎表面抗原破坏试验中不同浓度HBsAg对消毒剂效能的影响。方法：通过对不同浓度的HBsAg采用定性破坏试验和定量破坏试验。观察HBsAg的破坏程度,确定对消毒剂效能的影响。结果：通过HBsAg定性破坏试验。证实HBsAg酶标检测试剂盒灵敏度为1ng/ml,有效氯含量为500ml/L,加入HBsAg悬液的浓度为100μg/ml,作用15min S/N值＜2．1,当加入HBsAg悬液的浓度为30μg/ml时,作用30minS/N值仍＞2．1,通过HBsAg定量破坏试验,证实当消毒剂的作用浓度相同时,HBsAg悬液的浓度为10μg/ml,作用15min,HBsAg残余量较作用6min时下降78．02％,而HBsAg悬液的浓度为32μg/ml时,只下降了60．19％,结论：所使用的HBsAg浓度越低,消毒剂最低有效浓度和最短有效时间将随之减小。     

白细胞介素-1对大鼠离体胰岛B细胞分泌功能的影响

目的 :观察白细胞介素 1(IL 1)对大鼠胰岛B细胞分泌功能的影响并探讨其机制。方法 :采用胰岛细胞培养的方法 ,观察IL 1对胰岛素分泌和MTT还原的影响 ;通过分子杂交检测c fosmRNA并分析蛋白质合成的变化。结果 :IL 1作用后胰岛素分泌和MTT还原量明显减少 ,且有时间依赖性 ;IL 1诱导c fosmRNA ,从而使细胞蛋白质表达发生变化。结论 :IL 1可能通过改变胰岛细胞内基因表达 ,抑制细胞代谢 ,从而使胰岛素分泌减少