Gliomas and farm pesticide exposure in men: the upper midwest health study

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health evaluated farm pesticide exposure and glioma risk in a study that included 457 glioma cases and 648 population-based controls, all adult men (18-80 yr old) and nonmetropolitan residents of Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Multiple logistic regressions were used to control for farm residence, age, age group, education, and exposure to other pesticides. No associations were found between glioma and 12 specific pesticides. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and found reduced glioma risk for insecticides (OR = 0.53, CI = 0.37-0.77), fumigants (OR = 0.57, CI = 0.34-0.95), and organochlorines (OR = 0.66, CI = 0.47-0.94). In analyses excluding proxy respondents (47% of cases) most CIs included 1.0. No positive association of farm pesticide exposure and glioma was found. Other farm exposures may explain the excess brain cancer risk seen in previous studies.     

Results of long-term follow-up after curative resection of Dukes A colorectal cancer

Patients with Dukes A (UICC I) colorectal cancer have a good prognosis after curative resection. It is not known, however, if the outcome is significantly different for UICC Ia and Ib patients or if patients with reduced risks of recurrences can be identified early after surgery. This is of interest, as it would permit a more cost-effective, patient-oriented, and tumor stage-oriented follow-up program. To study these questions, a prospective follow-up database, including 1375 patients after curative resection of colorectal cancer, was analyzed. A total of 296 patients with Dukes A colorectal cancer with a median follow-up of 44 months were studied. Perioperative and follow-up mortality rates were 3% and 14%, respectively. Recurrent disease developed in 10% of Dukes A patients after a disease-free interval of 16 months. Significantly more patients suffering from pT2 (UICC Ib) cancer had recurrent disease than patients with pT1 (UICC Ia) cancer (13% vs. 4%; p <0.05). Preoperative CEA levels in patients with recurrent disease were significantly higher than in long-term disease-free patients (5.3 +/- 1.8 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.6 ng/ml; p <0.05). Curative resection of recurrent disease was achieved in 38% of the patients with recurrences (4% of all patients). Survival analysis showed significantly better survival in patients with Dukes A cancer than in those at higher tumor stages (log rank, <0.0001), and only 39% of all Dukes A patients who died during follow-up had recurrent disease. Dukes A (UICC Ia and Ib) colorectal cancer was diagnosed in 22% of our patients treated for cure, and long-term survival was 86%. There were significantly fewer cases of recurrent disease after curative resection of UICC Ia (pT1N0M0) cancer, so we propose a novel, less intensive follow-up regimen for these patients, leading to a more cost-effective, patient-oriented, and tumor stage-oriented follow-up program.     

河南食管癌高发区青年食管癌患者食管鳞癌组织雌激素和孕激素受体的表达

目的：探讨河南食管癌高发区青年食管癌患者（≤40岁）食管鳞癌组织中雌激素受体（ER）和孕激素受体（PR）的表达变化特征。方法：采用免疫组织化学ABC法，检测43例高发区青年食管癌患者手术切除标本ER和PR表达变化。结果：高发区青年食管癌患者食管癌组织中雌激素受体阳性率为47％，孕激素受体的阳性率为7％。EP、PR阳性率与组织分化程度、性别、淋巴结转移无关。结论：食管癌高发区青年食管癌患者癌组织中有较高的ER表达，而PR阳性表达明显低于ER，提示ER变化是青年食管癌患者频发的分子事件，进一步了解血清和组织雌、孕激素水平和ER的变化关系，将有助于加深对食管癌变机制的了解。     

人乙型肝炎病毒在树鼩中传代感染的研究

用人乙型肝炎病毒(HHBV·)感染树鼩(Tree shrews)后,取其HBsAg及(或)HBeAg阳性的树齣血清传代感染另一批树鼩;18只树鼩分四批感染至第四代,经检测发现17只树鼩血清或肝细胞中HBV标志物阳性(94.4%);血清转氨酶(SGPT)升高,肝组织有不同程度的炎症变化。此结果表明HHBV能够在树鼩间连续传代复制,为人乙型肝炎病毒感染树鼩动物模型的建立提供又一佐证。     

肾转移瘤的CT诊断特征

目的：探讨肾转移瘤的CT诊断特征．方法：回顾性分析12例肾转移瘤及12例原发性肾癌的CT表现．结果：12例肾转移瘤共检出42个病灶,4例单发,8例为双侧、多灶性;9个病灶位于肾髓质内呈楔形,33个病灶累及肾皮髓质、呈类圆形;41个病灶平扫呈等密度,所有病灶增强后均呈轻度强化,均未见包膜;8个病灶引起肾轮廓改变;7例肾转移瘤同时伴有其它部位及脏器的转移．12例肾原发癌均为单发,同时累及肾皮髓质,呈类圆形或不规则形;10例病灶平扫呈等、低密度;1例增强后轻度强化,11例增强后呈中、重度不均匀强化,3例可见假包膜;10例引起肾轮廓改变;2例伴有肾静脉癌栓,1例伴有肾周淋巴结转移．结论：肾转移瘤具有典型的影像学特点,了解这一特点有助于肾转移瘤的诊断．     

河南食管癌高发区人群食管癌和癌旁组织磷酸化酪氨酸蛋白的变化

目的：探讨食管癌和癌旁组织磷酸化酪氨酸蛋白的变化。方法：17例食管癌切除标本，采用组织病理学和Western印迹技术研究食管癌和癌旁正常组织及各级病变组织中磷酸化酪氨酸蛋白的变化。结果：癌旁正常上皮、基底细胞过度增生、不典型性增生和鳞癌中存在75000，60000和55000 3条区域蛋白，75000最明显。75000区域蛋白半定量结果表明癌与癌旁组织间差异无统计学意义。结论：磷酸化酪氨酸蛋白是食管癌变多阶段演进过程中常见的蛋白类型，意义当需更多的研究证实。     

BrdU替代的人外周血淋巴细胞染色体的DNase-1敏感区

用本室建立的染色体原位切口移位方法,详细描述了人淋巴细胞染色体上DNase-1敏感区的分布。与已知的G带、R带图谱和六对已发表的染色体D带图谱比较,表明所揭示的B带与G带、R带和D带有明显的差异,染色体原位切口移位后的DNase—1敏感区多分布在具有转录活性的常染色质区,而异染色质区则通常与失活的基因部位有关。作者对B带的生物学意义和应用价值进行了详细讨论。     

食管癌前病变和癌组织中增生细胞核抗原与细胞凋谢变化的关系

为探讨细胞凋谢与细胞增生在食管癌变过程中变化的关系，计数１９４例食管粘膜活检组织切片单位面积（ｍｍ２）中增生细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）免疫阳性细胞数和凋谢细胞数，对其进行定量分析。结果：在食管正常上皮，ＰＣＮＡ免疫阳性细胞数量低，从食管正常上皮到基底细胞增生，ＰＣＮＡ免疫阳性细胞数稍有升高，到间变时明显升高，到癌时升高最显著，为正常上皮的近７倍（Ｐ＜０．０１）。在各级病变组织中，凋谢细胞数较低，在正常上皮中更低。随病变加重（基底细胞增生→间变→癌），单位面积凋谢细胞数均逐渐升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。细胞凋谢指数与细胞增生指标ＰＣＮＡ呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．３６３，Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示：细胞凋谢不仅可以反映食管癌变过程中上皮细胞的死亡状况，而且能反映细胞增生状况。     

防御素2融合VE-Cadherin重组质粒的抗血管生成免疫作用

目的构建β防御素2(BD2)融合血管内皮钙粘附素(VE-Cadherin)胞外段重组质粒,以期探讨其免疫后抗肿瘤血管生成作用。方法PCR扩增成熟BD2片段和VE-Cadherin胞外段。以连接肽连接成熟BD2片段和VE-Cadherin胞外段,通过重叠PCR构建融合分子。将所得三种片段插入到pSecTag2B真核表达质粒。转染CT26肿瘤细胞,RT-PCR检测其表达。取转染COS细胞后的上清液做趋化实验,检测融合分子对树突状细胞(DC)的趋化作用。所得质粒经肌肉注射免疫小鼠后,皮下植入包裹CT26肿瘤细胞的藻酸盐微球,检测血管生成情况。结果测序证实三种质粒构建正确,能在真核细胞中顺利表达。BD2融合重组质粒和未融合的BD2质粒转染细胞后的上清液趋化DC的能力相近(P>0.05)。与其余各组质粒免疫相比,融合重组质粒免疫后能够显著抑制藻酸盐微球中肿瘤细胞诱导的血管生成(P<0.01)。结论BD2融合血管生成相关分子后的重组质粒免疫动物后能在体内有效地打破机体对肿瘤新生血管的免疫耐受。     

草苁蓉提取物对二乙基亚硝胺诱发的肝癌前病变大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响

观察了草苁蓉甲醇提取后进一步分离的水层成分对二乙基亚硝胺所致肝癌前病变大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛的影响．结果显示，草苁蓉甲醇提取后进一步分离的水层成分对肝癌前病变大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶活性有增高作用，并能降低丙二醛含量．提示，草苁蓉甲醇提取后进一步分离的水层成分具有抗氧化作用