咪唑斯汀治疗慢性荨麻疹临床疗效评价及对血清IL-4水平的影响

目的：评价咪唑斯汀治疗慢性荨麻疹的疗效，探讨IL-4在慢性荨麻疹发病中的作用。方法：对32例慢性荨麻疹患用咪唑斯汀治疗，评价疗效，记录不良反应。同时用ELISA法检测慢性荨麻疹患治疗前后及正常人血清IL-4的水平。结果：治疗1、2wk后总有效率分别为62．5％、84．4％(P＜0．01)，不良反应3例。治疗前血清IL-4水平较正常人明显升高(P＜0．01)；治疗后IL-4水平下降(P＜0．01)，与正常人比较差异不甚明显(P＞0．05)。结论：咪唑斯汀是一种有效、安全的治疗慢性荨麻疹的药物，能降低慢性荨麻疹患血清IL-4的水平。     

青藏高原鼠疫耶尔森菌基因型分布

目的研究青藏高原鼠疫耶尔森菌（鼠疫菌）基因组型分布特征.方法对分离到的青藏高原鼠疫菌297株,根据已经证实的22个差异区段设计引物,每株鼠疫菌的每个基因差异区段都采用PCR技术进行验证.结果在喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地中,鼠疫菌基因组型有9种,分别为1、5、6、7、8、10、11、新基因组型和Ype-ancestor型,其中以5、8和10型为主,3种基因组型合计所占比例为80.6%（204/253）,而且不同地区鼠疫菌基因组型的分布也不一致.青藏高原青海田鼠鼠疫疫源地鼠疫菌基因组型全部为14型.结论青藏高原鼠疫菌基因组型分布具有明显的地理特征.根据基因组型的分布状况推测出了鼠疫菌在青藏高原的传播路径.     

SQA鳌合盐的急性毒性和致突变性研究

目的 检测稀土壳糖胺(SQA)鳌合盐的急性毒性和致突变性。方法 采用霍恩氏法进行急性经口毒性试验，采用小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验和Ames试验对受试物进行致突变性研究。结果 SQA鳌合盐的经口LD50＞10000mg／kg体重；小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验显示无诱发微核作用，小鼠精子畸形试验未见精于畸形率增高，Ames试验在加和不加S9条件下均无致突变性。结论 SQA鳌合盐属实际无毒级物质，在该实验条件下，无致突变作用。     

Spontaneous regression: a hidden treasure buried in time.

Spontaneous tumor regression is a phenomenon that has been observed for hundreds, if not thousands of years. Although the term spontaneous implies 'without apparent cause', a review of case reports over the last several hundred years demonstrates that regression generally coincides with acute infections. Observations of this non-specific effect led to the emergence of active cancer immunotherapies by the 1700s. By the 1890s, William Coley refined this approach with a bacterial vaccine which, when administered properly, could induce complete regression of extensive metastatic disease. Unfortunately, after Coley's death, his vaccine and technique fell into obscurity. Modern approaches to treatment have reduced the occurrence of spontaneous regressions. Aseptic techniques and antibiotics significantly reduce postoperative infections, while chemotherapy and radiation impair immune activation even when an infection does occur. More than a century after its inception, Coley's vaccine and aggressive approach to treatment may still be one of most effective immunotherapies for cancer.     

Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow using ultrafast computed tomography. Theoretical aspects

Theoretical and practical limitations have prevented the measurement of regional cerebral blood flow using dynamic x-ray computed tomography. Development of the ultrafast computed tomography scanner has made it possible to overcome the practical limitations and measure changes in contrast concentration in the brain with excellent time and spatial resolution. By applying modifications of indicator dilution theory, we have derived a method to use these changes in contrast concentration determined using ultrafast computed tomography to measure the fractional vascular volume, mean transit time of blood, and blood flow within specific regions of the brain in a relatively simple and practical manner. This method could theoretically be used in the evaluation of physiological and pathophysiological alterations in cerebral blood flow.     

Our Postpandemic World: What Will It Take to Build a Better Future for People and Planet?

Policy Points

• Despite the pandemic''s ongoing devastating impacts, it also offers the opportunity and lessons for building a better, fairer, and sustainable world.
• Transformational change will require new ways of working, challenging powerful individuals and industries who worsened the crisis, will act to exploit it for personal gain, and will work to ensure that the future aligns with their interests.
• A flourishing world needs strong and equitable structures and systems, including strengthened democratic, research, and educational institutions, supported by ideas and discourses that are free of opaque and conflicted influence and that challenge the status quo and inequitable distribution of power.

     

The prediction of mandibular invasion by squamous cell carcinomas with the expression of osteoclast-related cytokines in biopsy specimens

Destruction of bone by tumour is caused by osteoclasts rather than by tumour cells directly. Tumour cells of invasive oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) release osteoclast-related cytokines and cytokines activate osteoclasts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of predicting mandibular invasion by SCC by analysis of the expression of osteoclast-related cytokines in biopsy specimens of SCC, adjacent or fixed to the mandible. Thirty-five biopsy specimens from the pathology archives were examined from patients who had been treated for SCC, adjacent or fixed to the mandible. The patients were divided into those with and without medullary invasion. The expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)–α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-11 was studied by immunohistochemical analysis. No significant differences were found in expression of TNF–α, IL-6 and IL-11 between biopsy specimens with or without medullary invasion. Quantification of the density of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes was not reproducible. In conclusion, the expression of TNF–α, IL-6 and IL-11 in biopsy specimens of SCC, adjacent or fixed to the mandible, is not an appropriate method for predicting the presence of medullary invasion of the mandible.     

Incidence of hepatitis C virus infection in burn patients: detection of anti-C100, anti-C33c and anti-Core antibodies.

Anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies were searched for in 45 burnt patients, at the time of burn injury and more than 6 months after burn injury. HCV infection was detected in 18% as a consequence of the numerous transfusions of blood or blood derivatives used during the post-burn treatment. Five patients displayed evidence of anti-C100, anti-C33c and anti-Core antibodies together; two patients had only anti-C100 and anti-C33c antibodies, and the last one showed only anti-Core antibodies. Chronic hepatitis was observed in 83% of HCV infections. Kinetics of appearance of anti-HCV antibodies varied between patients. Anti-Core is generally the first to be detected at high levels; however, in at least one case it was detected only two and a half months after C100 and C33c antibodies.