Propofol limits rat myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury with an associated reduction in apoptotic cell death in vivo

Propofol, a rapidly acting, short duration, intravenous hypnotic anesthetic induction agent, is often used in clinical situations where myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) injury is a threat. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of propofol on myocardial I/R injury in rat due to apoptosis. Myocardial I/R injury were induced by occluding the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery for 25 min followed by either 2 h or 6 h reperfusion. Apoptosis was evaluated by Western blot analysis (Bcl-2, Bax expression), DNA strand breaks, TUNEL analysis and measuring myocardial caspase-3 activity. Propofol significantly reduced infarct size and improved I/R-induced myocardial contractile dysfunction by improving left ventricular diastolic pressure and positive and negative maximal values of the first derivative (+dp/dt) of left ventricular pressure. Propofol increased Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio and decreased caspase-3 activity in I/R rat hearts, which resulted in reduction of myocardial apoptosis as evidenced by TUNEL analysis and DNA laddering experiments. In an in vitro study, propofol increased H9c2 cell viability against oxidative stress induced by glucose oxidase (GOX) in a dose-dependent manner. These data suggest propofol limits I/R injury with an associated reduction in apoptotic cell death in vivo.     

彩超引导下肿块的穿刺活检125例临床分析

目的探讨彩超结合彩超引导下穿刺活检术对各种肿块的诊断价值。方法对125例肿瘤患者进行常规彩色多普勒检查,观察肿块内部及周围的血供情况,获得各项指标,并结合彩超引导下穿刺活检术进行综合分析,从而对肿块做出良、恶性的鉴别诊断。结果本组125例肿瘤中,其中恶性肿块98例,良性肿块27例,各种病变诊断准确率达到96%,无1例发生严重并发症。结论应用彩超结合超声引导下穿刺活检术对肿块进行检测,能有效地进行良恶性的鉴别及组织学诊断,明显提高其诊断率,是诊断肿瘤极有价值的方法。     

Nephrotoxic Potential and Toxicokinetics of Melamine Combined with Cyanuric Acid in Rats

To investigate the nephrotoxic potential of melamine (MEL) and cyanuric acid (CA) in male Sprague-Dawley rats, 7-d repeated-dose studies were performed. The experimental groups of MEL100 and CA100 were orally administered with MEL and CA at 100 mg/kg/d for 7 d, respectively. In groups dosed with MEL–CA mixtures, melamine and cyanuric acid (1:1) were simultaneously administered at 4, 20, or 100 mg/kg/d for 7 d (i.e., MEL-CA4, MEL-CA20, or MEL-CA100, respectively). Body weights were not markedly affected in MEL100, CA100, and MEL-CA4 groups, but significantly reduced in MEL-CA 20 and 100 rats. Most parameters determined in sera and tissues were not markedly altered in MEL100, CA100, and MEL-CA4-treated rodents. However, BUN, creatinine, total protein, and kidney weights were significantly increased in MEL-CA20- and MEL-CA100-treated animals. Renal histopathologic findings also revealed signs of toxicity, including tubular dilatation, crystal deposition, granulomatous tubulo-interstitial inflammation, and tubular necrosis with regeneration. Data suggested that the combination of MEL and CA might be responsible for observed nephrotoxicity that was not seen following individual exposure to either MEL or CA alone. Subsequently, the concentrations of MEL and CA were determined in serum, urine, and kidney tissues by using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Toxicokinetic studies indicated that MEL or CA alone might be eliminated almost completely within 24 h after dosing showing no accumulation in kidney. However, the combined MEL-CA dose produced marked accumulation of chemicals in blood and kidneys. These results suggested that combined MEL and CA might produce renal toxicity due to significant chemical accumulation in kidney accompanied by low excretion.     

造血生长因子的神经保护作用

神经损伤是常见的临床问题，但目前的常规治疗方法难以取得令人满意的效果。近年的研究发现，EPO、G-CSF和TPO不仅参与造血的调控，对神经系统也具有直接保护作用，并可动员内源性干细胞参与损伤神经的修复，为神经系统疾病的治疗带来新的希望。     

Proteomic identification of the differentially expressed proteins in human lung epithelial cells by airborne particulate matter

Exposure to airborne PM₁₀, particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 µm, is known to be associated with a number of adverse health effects. To gain a better understanding of the cytotoxic mechanism and to develop protein biomarker candidates for PM₁₀‐induced toxicity, proteomic analyses were performed in human lung epithelial cells. Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) was followed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) to analyze the proteins differentially expressed by exposure to PM₁₀. Analysis of 2‐DE gels revealed more than 1270 protein spots in the cells, of which 36 showed changes of more than 2‐fold on exposure to PM₁₀ (up‐regulation, n = 6; down‐regulation, n = 30). The glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase, which also plays a role in tumor metabolism, showed a marked increase in expression, whereas the cytoskeleton‐related vinculin and anti‐inflammatory annexin 1 showed marked decreases in expression.     

羟丙基淀粉空心胶囊对螺内酯含量的影响

摘 要 目的： 考察羟丙基淀粉胶囊对螺内酯胶囊主药含量的影响。方法: 分别在强光（4 000 Lx±500 Lx）、高温（40℃）、高湿（相对湿度75%±5%）的条件下放置5 d和10 d,采用高效液相色谱法检查样品放置前后含量改变,同时观察外观、色泽等药物性状的变化。结果:经高温、高湿、光照试验后,测得标示含量值均在93.45%～100.37%之间,符合标准规定（93.0%～107.0%）。结论: 羟丙基淀粉空心胶囊与螺内酯相容性较好。     

3-硝基丙酸预处理诱导沙土鼠脑缺血耐受与海马星形胶质细胞的激活

目的：探讨海马区星形胶质细胞的激活与3－硝基丙酸（3－NPA）预处理诱导脑缺血耐受的关系。方法：阻断沙土鼠双侧颈总动脉造成前脑缺血模型，通过HE染色和免疫组化观察海马锥体细胞死亡和星形胶质细胞的反应。结果：对照组海马CA1区已失去正常结构，锥体细胞大部分丧失，存活神经元计数显低于假手术组。3－NPA预处理组存活神经元减少，但高于对照组，假手术组海马CA1区仅见少量胶质原纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）阳性细胞，染色较弱，突起不明显，对照组海马CA1区GFAP阳性细胞增多，多为弱阳性。3－NPA预处理组海马CA1区GFAP阳性细胞数目明显增多，染色较深，突起增粗。结论：星形胶质细胞形态和机能的改变可能与3－硝基丙酸预处理诱导脑缺血耐受有关。