Extracellular deposition of eosinophil granule major basic protein in lymph nodes of patients with Hodgkin's disease

Lymph nodes from each of the four histologic types of Hodgkin's disease were examined for the presence of eosinophils and for eosinophil degranulation by immunofluorescent localization of eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP). Eosinophil degranulation shown by MBP deposition outside of eosinophils was found in six of eight nodes from patients with nodular sclerosing disease and in two of eight nodes from patients with lymphocyte depletion-type disease. Three nodes of the mixed cellularity type, one node of the lymphocyte predominance type, and one lymph node of the lymphocyte depletion type showed one or two small foci of extracellular MBP deposition. Lymph nodes from patients without Hodgkin's disease showed no extracellular deposition of MBP. Large numbers of eosinophils were found in seven of eight nodes of the nodular sclerosing variant, but were less frequently seen among the other types of Hodgkin's disease. The presence of extracellular MBP in lymph nodes of patients with Hodgkin's disease indicates that eosinophil degranulation commonly occurs and suggests that the released eosinophil granule proteins may participate in the inflammatory reaction in this disorder more extensively than is presently appreciated.     

Bentonite flocculation test for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease antibodies

Summary Preliminary studies with the bentonite flocculation test indicated that the test performed in parallel with agar gel diffusion precipitin tests would serve as a useful diagnostic tool in the screening of bovine sera for antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus.     

The 25-g intravenous glucose tolerance test: a critical appraisal

Absolute and incremental K values (glucose disappearance rates) have been calculated with the aid of a computer from arterial and venous blood sugar levels obtained simultaneously during the 25-g intravenous glucose tolerance test and correlated with the fasting blood the peak blood sugar following the 25-g intravenous glucose load, the peak rise of blood sugar above the fasting level, the blood sugar 15 min. after the start of the 3 min glucose infusion, the blood sugar 60 min after the start of the infusion, the mean glucose uptake by the peripheral tissues over the whole test, 0–61 min, the mean peripheral glucose uptake from 13–61 min and the skinfold thickness. None of the K values regularly gave rectilinear slopes of decline of the blood sugar but absolute venous K values for the last phase of the test gave the highest correlation coefficients. The incremental K values did not discriminate between normal and diabetic subjects; heavy urinary glucose losses in diabetics probably account for the high glucose disappearance in these circumstances. Absolute K values did discriminate but this is due in large part to the height of the fasting blood sugar in diabetics. None of the K values correlated closely with the total peripheral glucose uptake but the absolute K values did with the fasting and 60 min blood sugar.     

Fear of hypoglycemia: quantification, validation, and utilization

Hypoglycemia can lead to various aversive symptomatic, affective, cognitive, physiological, and social consequences, which in turn can lead to the development of possible phobic avoidance behaviors associated with hypoglycemia. On the other hand, some patients may inappropriately deny or disregard warning signs of hypoglycemia. This study presents preliminary reliability and validity data on a psychometric instrument designed to quantify this fear: the hypoglycemic fear survey. The instrument was found to have internal consistency and test-retest stability, to covary with elevated glycosylated hemoglobin, and to be sensitive to a behavioral treatment program designed to increase awareness of hypoglycemia.     

Modeling and shaping by parents to develop chewing behavior in their retarded child

A moderately retarded 8-yr-old mongoloid child was taught to chew solid food. A series of steps was used to teach the child to chew his food. They included (1) removing attention for non-chewing behavior (2) having a model demonstrate chewing behavior (3) reinforcing the model with the subject's favorite food (4) reinforcing successive approximations to chewing and (5) attenuating the reinforcement schedule.The child developed chewing behavior during the sixth session. The rate of chewing continued to increase until after 3 weeks of treatment the child's rate of chewing was too high to measure. A 42-week follow-up established that chewing had continued and that the child was chewing additional solid foods.