非穿透性小梁切除术联合人羊膜植入临床观察

目的：观察非穿透性小梁切除术联合人羊膜植入的临床效果。方法：对18例（30眼）中、晚期开角型青光眼进行非穿透性小梁切除术联合人羊膜植入，术后观察视力、视野、眼压及滤过泡形成情况。结果：术后随访3－9月，视力、视野稳定，眼压≤20mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)，滤过泡形成良好，并发症少。结论：非穿透性小梁切除术 联合人羊膜植入治疗开角型青光眼，能有效降低眼压，形成功能性滤过泡和并发症少等优点，是治疗开角型青光眼较理想的方法。     

Smoking habits in relapsed subjects from a smoking cessation trial after one year

Reports of smoking cessation studies often claim that many relapsed subjects reduce their smoking. We investigated the smoking habits of relapsers 1 year after quitting in a smoking cessation trial using nicotine or placebo patches. All 289 participants in that study were summoned to a 1-year follow-up visit–148 (57%) of 259 relapsers attended, as did all 30 sustained abstainers. Fewer than 1% of the subjects had quit spontaneously after the primary relapse. Daily cigarette consumption, standard nicotine yield per cigarette, saliva cotinine concentration, expired carbon monoxide level and two nicotine dependency scales were assessed at entry and at the 1-year follow-up. In five of these six smoking-related characteristics, there was a small but significant mean reduction of 7%-27%. A significant weight gain of 0.5 ± 2.9 kg (mean ± SD) was recorded in the relapsers compared with 4.8 ± 4.2 kg for abstainers (p < 0.001). It is concluded that smoking habits in relapsers are relatively unchanged, and thus the most important outcome measure in smoking cessation trials is abstinent subjects.     

喉癌患者无癌侵及的喉内肌与正常喉内肌的组织学差异

目的：通过对喉癌患者未被癌组织侵及的喉内肌及正常人的喉内肌肌纤维形态、结构的比较分析，从组织学角度揭示二者之间的差异。方法：将5例喉癌患者未被癌组织侵及的肌纤维和1例使康成人的甲杓肌、环杓侧肌及环杓后肌经HE染色，于镜下观察肌纤维的形态，并采用显微图像分析仪测量肌纤维的横截面积和最大宽度。结果：喉癌患者与使康成人相比，各喉内肌肌纤维形态差异较大；肌纤维横截面积、最大宽度有显著增加(P＜0．01)，增加的幅度均为环杓后肌＞环杓侧肌＞甲杓肌。结论：喉癌患者未被癌组织侵及的肌纤维不仅在形态上有很大的不同，而且肌纤维横截面积及最大宽度明显增大，可能是癌变增加了呼吸道的阻力，各喉内肌代偿性活动的结果。     

Long-term fluctuation of the visual field in glaucoma.

We examined 756 automated threshold visual fields of 167 eyes of patients with glaucoma to determine the magnitude of the long-term fluctuation at individual test locations. Eyes were grouped into clinically stable or nonstable groups according to predefined clinical criteria. At individual test locations with initial sensitivities of 25 to 30 dB in clinically stable eyes, the 5th to 95th percentile value for subsequent measurements was +/- 4 dB. For initial sensitivities of 20 dB, this 90% range was +/- 6 dB, and for sensitivities 15 dB or less, the 90% range of subsequent values spanned sensitivities from almost zero to normal values. Long-term fluctuation correlated with short-term fluctuation (r = .363, P less than .0005), but not with age or intraocular pressure. There was no correlation of long-term fluctuation with eccentricity after correcting for the decreased sensitivity associated with greater eccentricity. Long-term fluctuation was greater in the nonstable group than in the stable group (P less than .0005). These data provide limits for fluctuation in stable patients with glaucoma, which will help guide clinical decisions about visual field progression.