欧盟2008～2009年CAPs抽样及检验计划报告分析

目的 研究欧盟2008～2009年CAPs抽样及检验计划报告.方法 对欧盟CAPs抽样及检验计划的相关文献和2008、2009年检验报告进行研究与分析.结果与结论 欧盟CAPs抽样及检验计划已逐渐成熟,对我国有一定的参考借鉴价值.     

Bacterial meningitis in infants: sonographic findings

A retrospective study was performed on 78 patients (newborn to 2 years old) with clinically proved bacterial meningitis. Sonograms were obtained during the acute illness and medical records were reviewed. The spectrum of sonographic features of meningitis included normal scans (30 patients), ventriculomegaly (11 patients), echogenic sulci (31 patients), extra-axial fluid collections (26 patients), abnormal parenchymal echogenicity (9 patients), evidence of ventriculitis (5 patients), and brain abscess (1 patient). In 46 patients, correlation between the sonographic findings and neurologic outcome on clinical follow-up (6 months to 4 years) was made. Findings of abnormal parenchymal echogenicity and/or moderate-to-marked ventriculomegaly were associated with significant neurologic sequelae; however, echogenic sulci and small extra-axial fluid collections did not appear to have any prognostic significance. Twenty-nine of the 78 patients had sonography without clinical indication of complications of meningitis, and in no patient was a significant abnormality found. Our study suggests that sonography is indicated only when there is clinical suspicion of complications.     

Improving stem volume estimation of regrowth Eucalyptus fastigata with a lower stem form quotient

Stem volume equations were developed and validated using data from 877 sample trees. Initially, three commonly used models were compared. The least biased and most precise estimates of underbark stem volume was obtained using equations based on the combined variable model. A lower stem form quotient, calculated as the ratio of diameter at 4.5m above ground to diameter at breast height, was subsequently included resulting in a substantial improvement in precision.     

带肌蒂椎板回植椎管成形术

棘突椎板切除是脊柱外科常用的手术方式,术后因广泛棘突椎板切除,腰椎的稳定结构受到不同程度破坏,而影响腰椎的稳定性,且常因瘢痕１９９９０５０４收稿,１９９９０７２２修回作者单位：武警山东总队医院外二科,山东济南　２５０１０１作者简介：衣英豪,男,３７岁,副主任医师。研究方向：脊柱外科,显微外科粘连而影响疗效。我院自１９９３年１０月以来应用带肌蒂的棘突椎板回植腰椎管成形术１２１例,取得满意效果。１　病例资料　　本组１２１例,男８７例,女３４例,年龄５～５８岁。下肢脑瘫后遗症行腰骶神经后根选择…     

全髋关节置换术后脱位21例临床分析

目的分析全髋关节置换术后脱位的影响因素,探讨术中如何准确置人髋关节假体以减少髋关节脱位。方法分析我科2005年1月—2012年12月全髋关节置换术后脱位病例的影响因素。结果本组病人脱位发生率为1．3％。女性占脱位人数的比例为62％,男性占38％。早期脱位占脱位人数的比例为90％,晚期脱位占10％。前方脱位占脱位人数的比例为19％,后方脱位占81％。假体位置不良占脱位人数的比例为52％,精神神经功能不全者占29％,术后活动范围过度者占脱位人数的比例为19％。结论患者因素、术者因素及髋关节假体因素都对人工髋关节置换术后脱位产生影响,术中准确置人髋关节假体是影响髋关节脱位的关键因素。     

自体造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病

为探讨恶性血液病的有效治疗方法,应用自体骨髓移植(ABMT)38例,自体外周血造血干细胞移植(ABSCT)13例,自体外周血造血干细胞与自体骨髓联合移植15例。治疗白血病54例,恶性淋巴瘤11例,多发性骨髓瘤1例。外周血造血干细胞采用化疗加多抗甲素或C—CSF动员。移植物采用微波、阿克拉霉素净化处理。结果:两组动员方案均有良好动员效果。ABSCT组及联合移植组造血功能恢复比ABMT组快(P<0.05),合并症少。66例中,45例仍呈持续缓解(CCR),中位CCR时间32(5～98)个月,复发21例。3年无病生存率及复发率分别为68.5％及26.1％。结果表明:自体造血干细胞移植是根治恶性血液病的有效手段。ABSCT及联合移植具有造血功能恢复快,合并症少等优点。微波和阿克拉霉素体外净化移植物是一种简便、有效的净化方法。     

转化生长因子-β1Ⅱ型受体同源序列1对瘢痕疙瘩中成纤维细胞胶原合成的影响

目的　初步探讨转化生长因子 - β1(TGF - β1)Ⅱ型受体同源序列 1(TRH1)的生物学功能。　方法　根据已知序列合成TRH1多肽 ,以瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞为靶细胞 ,分别于蛋白水平和mRNA水平检测该多肽对TGF - β1所诱导的细胞胶原合成的拮抗作用。　 结果　TRH1可以明显抑制TGF - β1所诱导的瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞的胶原合成及细胞Ⅰ型前胶原mRNA的表达。结论　TRH1可能通过模拟TGF - β1Ⅱ型受体的结构来竞争性结合TGF - β1,从而拮抗或降低了TGF -β1对细胞的诱导作用。     

Evidence supporting a role of glucocorticoids in short-term bone loss in burned children

Children burned 40% total body surface area suffer acute bone loss. The reason(s) for this is uncertain. In order to determine whether high endogenous glucocorticoid production can contribute to the bone loss, we sequentially studied a total of 14 pediatric burn patients for bone histomorphometry; 7 of these patients and 4 controls were studied for characteristics of corticosteroid-induced bone loss, including decreased osteoblasts and down-regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in bone. We then studied 4 of the burn patients and three controls for a decrease in markers of osteoblast differentiation, another feature of glucocorticoid toxicity. Bone biopsies were taken from each of the 14 burn patients a mean of 3 weeks post-burn. Histomorphometry was performed on one specimen (n=7) and either glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor, collagen and alkaline phosphatase expression by RT-PCR (n=7) or marrow stromal cell culture (n=4) on the other. Patients were permitted a maximum of two biopsies for study. One biopsy was obtained intra-operatively from normal subjects during elective iliac crest alveolar bone grafting and compared with burn specimens for glucocorticoid receptors and marrow stromal cell culture. A 24-h urine specimen was obtained for free cortisol (n=7). Histomorphometry revealed low osteoblast and osteoid surfaces and few detectable osteoblasts. Resorptive surfaces were also reduced. Glucocorticoid receptor mRNA (GR) was not decreased; however, there was a trend toward inverse relationships between urine free cortisol and GR and type-1 collagen mRNA, r=–0.61 and –0.64, respectively, and a significantly lower mRNA for type-1 collagen in bone in burn vs control patients by the median test, ²=7.6 (p<0.01). Markers of osteoblast differentiation, core-binding factor (cbf)a1, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, type-I collagen, and alkaline phosphatase were reduced in burn cell cultures compared with controls (p<0.05). The eightfold elevation of urinary free cortisol excretion, low osteoblast number, decreased resorptive surface, and reduced markers of osteoblast differentiation are all consistent with an acute glucocorticoid effect on bone.     

胶原材料在药物缓释和组织工程中的研究进展

目的介绍胶原材料在药物缓释和组织工程中的研究新进展. 方法广泛查阅近年相关文献并进行回顾与综合分析. 结果胶原材料在药物缓释与组织工程中的应用研究已取得明显进展,胶原材料已成为组织工程研究的热点之一.一些胶原基质新型药物缓释系统和新型组织工程材料已进入临床论证阶段,将促进胶原材料在组织修复中的临床应用. 结论胶原材料在药物缓释、尤其是组织工程领域具有广阔的应用前景.除将胶原适当交联处理或与其它天然或合成高分子复合外,今后的研究中还应注重利用化学修饰改善胶原性能,通过将性质不同的支链接枝到胶原大分子上,赋予胶原新的特性,从而研制出新一代组织工程材料.