全文获取类型
收费全文 | 65205篇 |
免费 | 6239篇 |
国内免费 | 4547篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 671篇 |
儿科学 | 605篇 |
妇产科学 | 643篇 |
基础医学 | 7435篇 |
口腔科学 | 1294篇 |
临床医学 | 8677篇 |
内科学 | 9152篇 |
皮肤病学 | 719篇 |
神经病学 | 2863篇 |
特种医学 | 2091篇 |
外国民族医学 | 47篇 |
外科学 | 6410篇 |
综合类 | 12081篇 |
现状与发展 | 22篇 |
一般理论 | 15篇 |
预防医学 | 4944篇 |
眼科学 | 1854篇 |
药学 | 7044篇 |
75篇 | |
中国医学 | 3839篇 |
肿瘤学 | 5510篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 226篇 |
2023年 | 929篇 |
2022年 | 2274篇 |
2021年 | 3445篇 |
2020年 | 2610篇 |
2019年 | 2099篇 |
2018年 | 2255篇 |
2017年 | 2055篇 |
2016年 | 1862篇 |
2015年 | 3116篇 |
2014年 | 3742篇 |
2013年 | 3380篇 |
2012年 | 4818篇 |
2011年 | 5249篇 |
2010年 | 3737篇 |
2009年 | 3035篇 |
2008年 | 3594篇 |
2007年 | 3564篇 |
2006年 | 3480篇 |
2005年 | 3321篇 |
2004年 | 2474篇 |
2003年 | 2270篇 |
2002年 | 1849篇 |
2001年 | 1569篇 |
2000年 | 1420篇 |
1999年 | 1417篇 |
1998年 | 943篇 |
1997年 | 891篇 |
1996年 | 658篇 |
1995年 | 686篇 |
1994年 | 574篇 |
1993年 | 331篇 |
1992年 | 377篇 |
1991年 | 342篇 |
1990年 | 296篇 |
1989年 | 257篇 |
1988年 | 210篇 |
1987年 | 192篇 |
1986年 | 137篇 |
1985年 | 115篇 |
1984年 | 66篇 |
1983年 | 38篇 |
1982年 | 22篇 |
1981年 | 27篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 23篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1828年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
181.
用PCR技术对12例神经肌肉性疾病患者的16个标本进行了线粒体DNA缺失情况的研究。发现2例帕金森氏病患者的肌肉组织以及其中1例的外周血和另1例肌营养不良(Erb型)患者的肌肉组织中线粒体DNA至少有526bp的缺失。还对线粒体DNA的部分缺失与疾病发生的关系进行了讨论。 相似文献
182.
全胚胎体外培养方法筛查致畸原的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
全胚胎体外培养技术是将孕第9.5天的大鼠胚胎从子宫移至体外培养,培养期间在培养基中加入不同的化合物,由于排除了母体和胎盘因素,可以观察到这些化合物对胚胎生长发育的直接影响。应用该技术研究了青霉素、敌枯双、放线菌素D和高浓度葡萄糖四种化合物对胚胎生长发育的直接影响,结果发现在体外培养时也可导致胚胎死亡、畸形和胚胎生长发育迟缓,所导致的畸形与在整体动物实验结果相同。同时发现化合物在导致胚胎死亡、畸形和生长发育迟缓方面具有明显的剂量-效应关系。通过比较这种化合物导致胚胎死亡、畸形和发育迟缓的剂量-效应曲线的关系,推测其导致胚胎畸形的可能性以及畸形胚胎存活的可能性,从而推测化合物在实际中真正致畸的可能性。 相似文献
183.
医院统计在医院要素分配中的作用 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
目的 为支持医院内部要素分配调整改革,医院统计应展开与要素分配有关的项目进行统计,为医院要素分配向高、精、尖、绩效好的医务人员倾斜提供统计数据。方法 应用ExCEL软件的合并功能对病人信息和病案信息进行深层次的挖掘、提取、重新整合统计,制成简明易懂的统计报表给予反馈公布,作为医师提取个人奖酬、职称晋升或聘任竞岗的考核依据。结果通过统计作用实现了劳动价值创造,调动了广大医务人员的积极性,促使医院经营理念成为引导个人自觉行为的杠杆,实现了医院提高综合竞争实力的整体效应。结论 要素分配中统计工作应遵循公平、合理、反映医院经营理念的原则和利用网络科技实现高效管理并且应与改革同步,深化统计内涵,完善医院的统计方法。 相似文献
184.
理气类中药对大鼠离体胃平滑肌条的作用 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
目的:观察理气类中药对大鼠离体胃平滑肌条运动的影响。方法:将肌条放置在灌流肌槽中,用生理记录仪记录肌条的收缩活动。结果:陈皮、枳实对胃各部位平滑肌条均为抑制效应,香附、薤白、木香、柿蒂、乌药对胃底肌条为兴奋效应,但对其他部位肌条则表现为兴奋或抑制不同的效应,沉香仅降低胃窦环行肌收缩波平均振幅,对其他肌条无影响。结论:理气类中药对大鼠离体胃平滑肌条既有兴奋作用,也有抑制作用。 相似文献
185.
To evaluate the effect of interleukin-8 (IL8) on glomerular basement membrane (GBM) sulfated compounds and albuminuria, we
infused IL8 in 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 5 days into the left renal artery of Holtzman male rats at the rate of 10
μl/h using an osmotic pump. Control rats received 1% BSA. A significant increase in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio was seen
on the last day of IL8 infusion (0.38±0.11, mean ± SEM) when compared with albumin/creatinine ratio prior to infusion (0.19±0.04,
P = 0.04). No significant differences in urinary albumin excretion prior to and after infusion of 1% BSA were observed. On
the last day of infusion, rats were injected with 35sulfate (1.0 mCi/200 g body weight) intraperitoneally and killed after 8 h. Glomeruli were isolated and GBM obtained. After
5 days of IL8 administration, there was a significant increase in 35sulfate uptake by GBM of the infused kidney (76±10 cpm/dry glomerular weight, mean ± SEM) compared with the uptake seen in
the contralateral kidney (53±9, P = 0.05). The in vivo infusion of IL8 increased the 35sulfate uptake by GBM and augmented the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, suggesting that IL8 may induce albuminuria by altering
the metabolism of the GBM sulfated compounds. This hypothesis needs to be confirmed by studies on glomerular charge selectivity
and GBM anionic sites during the course of the infusion. Moreover, the persistence of the effect needs to be evaluated by
prolonging the infusion for more than 5 days.
Received June 3, 1996; received in revised form and accepted October 18, 1996 相似文献
186.
本文通过犬急性心肌缺血-再灌注模型探讨缺血-再灌注心肌Ca2+超负荷的发生机制。当心肌持续缺血150min,心肌细胞内Ca2+、Na+增加、K+降低;心肌细胞膜Na+-K+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase活性降低,心肌组织丙二醛(MDA)含量增加.而心肌缺血90min后,再灌注60min,与之比较细胞内Ca2+明显增加,伴Na+升高、K+降低,心肌细胞膜Na+-K+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase活性降低,MDA含量增加,说明缺血-再灌注过程中Na+升高、Na+-Ca2+交换增加,Ca2+-ATPase活性降低是细胞内Ca2+超负荷发生的重要原因。 相似文献
187.
本文应用“冷沉淀”法制备纤维组织粘合剂。对纤维组织粘合剂中主要成份和含量进行了测定,并测定了主要理化性质,建立了动物实验模型,观察了实验兔对纤维粘合剂的反应。 相似文献
188.
L Fuller J Fernandez S Zheng M Carreno V Esquenazi W C Yang J Miller 《Transplantation》1992,53(1):195-202
We have advanced the hypothesis that the primary autolymphoproliferative response of dog T cells in mixed lymphocyte kidney cultures (MLKC) results from their recognition of tissue-specific (kidney-associated) antigen(s) presented in conjunction with class II MHC antigens. Lymphocyte culture-derived supernatants had been found previously to upregulate class II antigen expression on kidney cells and enhance T cell activation. In the present study we have isolated and characterized dog IFN-gamma, a class II-inducing substance that is secreted in the culture supernatant of activated T lymphocytes. Dog IFN-gamma was induced with A-23187 and PMA and purified stepwise using controlled-pore glass, Mono Q anion exchange chromatography, and Superose 6-gel filtration on FPLC. The purification resulted in two molecules of 42 Kd and 31 Kd molecular weights. An IgG1 monoclonal antibody was engendered to these molecules. With this mAb reagent, in immunochemical experiments, we have developed a sensitive ELISA and a method for purifying dog IFN-gamma by affinity chromatography. Species specificity studies indicated that purified dog IFN-gamma reacted with a polyclonal rabbit antihuman IFN-gamma, but not with a mAb to human IFN-gamma. However, the antidog IFN-gamma mAb that was generated also reacted with recombinant human IFN-gamma. In in vitro biological studies, the purified IFN-gamma (two mol. wt. species) upregulated the expression of canine class II MHC molecules on dog tubular epithelial cells and the dog kidney epithelial cell line (MDCK). The antidog IFN-gamma mAb blocked T cell proliferative response to kidney cell and, by inference, the interaction between endogenously released IFN-gamma in vitro with its cell surface receptor, thus inhibiting the induced upregulation of class II. Interestingly, although antidog IFN-gamma markedly blocked the MLKC (10 micrograms mAb/well), there was no effect on the allogeneic MLC. This observation indicates that the cytokine IFN-gamma may be a uniquely key substance amplifying the immune response of T cells to tissue-associated antigens on surrogate antigen-presenting cells that require induced upregulation of class II MHC antigen expression (MLKC), in contrast to reactions in which these antigens are already constitutively expressed on the antigen-presenting cells (mixed lymphocyte culture). 相似文献
189.
目的:了解近年来泌尿系细菌感染致病菌及耐药性,为合理应用抗生素,提供临床根据。方法:对泌尿系感染患者298株病原菌进行药物敏感试验。结果:大肠埃希菌仍是引发泌尿系感染的主要病原菌,占53%,其次是葡萄球菌属,占19.40%,肠杆菌属占10.06%,肠球菌属占4.70%等,各类菌属耐药情况。结论:临床医师必须关注本地病原菌分布及耐药情况,合理应用抗生素,减少耐药性播散。 相似文献
190.
Ronald G. Pratt Jie Zheng Brent K. Stewart Yoseph Shiferaw Anthony J. McGoron Ranasinghage C. Samaratunga Stephen R. Thomas 《Magnetic resonance in medicine》1997,37(2):307-313
A limited flip angle gradient-echo 3D volume acquisition imaging protocol for mapping partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in perfluorocarbon compounds (PFCs) at low field (0.14 T) is presented. The pO2 measurement method is based on the paramagnetic effect of dissolved molecular oxygen (O2) which reduces the PFC 19F T1? Specific objectives related to imaging of PFCs through use of the protocol include improved image signal-to-noise characteristics and elimination of 19F chemical shift artifacts. A parametric Wiener deconvolution filtering algorithm is used for suppression of 19F chemical shift artifacts. Application of the protocol is illustrated in a series of calculated pO2 maps of a gas equilibrated, multi-chamber phantom containing perfluorotributylamine (FC-43). The utility of the protocol is demonstrated in vivo through images of a commercially available perfluorocarbon based blood substitute emulsion containing FC-43 sequestered in the liver and spleen of a rat. 相似文献