基于“三早理念”的卓越医生人才培养模式的构建

适应现阶段医学教育培养目标的以器官系统为中心基础医学课程整合教学模式有助于学生早期树立医学整体概念,以培养学生独立分析问题和解决问题的综合能力;基于导师制的早期接触科研,将有助于学生科研能力和创新思维的培养;基于案例教学的早期接触临床,有利于基础与临床的有机结合。因此,基于"三早理念(早期树立医学整体概念、早期接触科研、早期接触临床)"的培养模式对高等医学院校和职业院校卓越医生培养计划的实施产生实践意义。     

电位滴定法测定尼美舒利含量能力验证结果分析

目的：设计组织尼美舒利含量测定的能力验证项目（编号NIFDC-PT093）,评价药品检测机构电位滴定法的测定能力。方法：对参加实验室的测定结果进行稳健统计分析,用Z比分数评价实验室检测能力。结果：共153家实验室反馈了结果,其中33个参加实验室（占21.6%）的结果可疑或不满意。省级以上食品药品检验机构的满意率（占92.6%）高于其他机构。结论：本次能力验证项目检测结果主要受滴定液、电极、电位滴定仪、空白试验和溶剂的影响,建议离群者可采取调整滴定液浓度、选择合适电极和滴定参数等措施以保证结果的准确。     

169例急性药物性肝损害的临床特征及易感因素分析

目的探讨急性药物性肝损伤(DILI)的临床特征及易感因素。方法选择本院2008年1月至2012年12月诊治的169例急性DILI患者的临床特征、易感因素及药物变化趋势等进行回顾性分析。结果本组病例中,女性患者占56.80%,50岁以上患者占46.15%,体重55 kg者占64.50%。临床表现无特异性,还有39例患者(23.08%)无任何症状,以肝功能异常为首发表现。肝损害以轻度(66.27%)及中度为主(22.49%);分型以肝细胞损伤型最多见(73.37%),其次是混合型(16.57%)和胆汁淤积型(10.06%)。多种给药途径均可能引起DILI,但以口服给药为主(67.46%)。多种药物可能引起DILI,以中草药(37.28%)、抗结核药物(21.30%)及抗菌药物(17.16%)最多见。其中,中草药引起的肝损害有逐年上升趋势,而抗菌药物引起的肝损害有下降趋势。经及时停药和保肝治疗,治愈81例(53.85%),好转65例(38.46%),无效17例(10.06%),死亡6例(2.96%)。结论药物性肝损伤的的致病药物种类较多,临床表现缺乏特异性。临床医生应严格把握用药指征,严密监测不良反应。     

A unique series of reversibly switchable fluorescent proteins with beneficial properties for various applications

Reversibly switchable fluorescent proteins (RSFPs) have attracted widespread interest for emerging techniques including repeated tracking of protein behavior and superresolution microscopy. Among the limited number of RSFPs available, only Dronpa is widely employed for most cell biology applications due to its monomeric and other favorable photochemical properties. Here we developed a series of monomeric green RSFPs with beneficial optical characteristics such as high photon output per switch, high photostability, a broad range of switching rate, and pH-dependence, which make them potentially useful for various applications. One member of this series, mGeos-M, exhibits the highest photon budget and localization precision potential among all green RSFPs. We propose mGeos-M as a candidate to replace Dronpa for applications such as dynamic tracking, dual-color superresolution imaging, and optical lock-in detection.     

氯化锂对人牙周膜干细胞增殖和成骨分化的影响

目的:探讨Wnt/β-catenin通路激活剂—氯化锂(lithium chloride,LiCl)对体外培养的人牙周膜干细胞(human periodontal ligament stem cells,hPDLSCs)增殖和成骨分化的影响。方法:低密度多克隆法分离培养人PDLSCs,分别与不同浓度的LiCl(5、10、20、40 mmol/L)共同培养。分别检测各组细胞的增殖情况、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)活性、钙化结节形成量以及Col-1、OCN、Runx-2等成骨相关基因的表达水平。结果:LiCl无促细胞增殖作用,且高浓度LiCl能明显抑制细胞的增殖。浓度为5 mmol/L的LiCl可促进hP-DLSCs成骨性分化,表现为提高细胞的ALP活性、促进钙化结节的形成、上调Col-1、OCN、Runx-2的mRNA表达水平,与对照组相比,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而高浓度(≥10 mmol/L)LiCl则对成骨分化具有抑制作用。结论:终浓度为5 mmol/L的LiCl可明显促进hPDLSCs的成骨分化。     

The Protective Effect of St. Thomas Cardioplegia Enriched With Zacopride on the Isolated Rat Heart

The activation of the heart inward rectifier potassium channel (I_K1) can reduce the injury of myocardial cells by shortening the action potential duration and reducing intracellular calcium overload. Zacopride is a selective I_K1 agonist and suppresses triggered arrhythmias in rat hearts. This investigation studied the effects of St. Thomas (ST) cardioplegia enriched with Zacopride on the isolated rat heart model. Sprague‐Dawley rat hearts were harvested and perfused for 20 minutes with 37°C Krebs‐Henseleit (KH) buffer followed by 15 minute perfusion with 4°C calcium‐free KH buffer in the Control group (Con, n = 8), ST cardioplegia in the ST group (ST, n = 8) and ST cardioplegia with Zacopride in the STZ group (STZ, n = 8). After 45 minutes of arresting, all hearts were reperfused with 37°C KH buffer for 60 minutes. Hearts in the STZ group arrested faster than the Con and ST groups (9.25 ± 2.38 s vs. 72.25 ± 8.1 s, 12.75 ± 2.87 s). The recovery of the left ventricular developed pressure, ± dP/dtmax, heart rate, and coronary flow in the STZ group is significantly better than the other two groups during reperfusion. Compared with the Con and ST groups, the STZ group showed significant decreases in the maximum carciac troponin I level (P < 0.05) and the infarct size (P < 0.05). The superoxide dismutase level in the STZ group increased during the first 20 minutes of reperfusion (P < 0.05). ST cardioplegia enriched with Zacopride has beneficial effects against ischemia‐reperfusion injury in this isolated rat heart model.