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11.
Smoking and female infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis 总被引:11,自引:10,他引:11
The high prevalence of smoking among women in their reproductive years
continues to be a matter of concern. The negative effects of smoking on
general health are well known, but smoking may also affect fertility. The
objective of the present study was to perform a systematic review of the
literature to determine whether there is an association between smoking and
risk of infertility in women of reproductive age, and to assess the size of
this effect. In the 12 studies used for this meta- analysis, the overall
value of the odds ratio (OR) for risk of infertility in women smokers
versus non-smokers was 1.60 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34-1.91].
Studies of subfertile women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF)
treatment also show a reduction in fecundity among women smokers. A
meta-analysis of nine studies found an OR of 0.66 (95% CI 0.49-0.88) for
pregnancies per number of IVF- treated cycles in smokers versus
non-smokers. Despite the potential limitations of meta-analyses of
observational studies, the evidence presented in this review is compelling
because of the consistency of effect across different study designs, sample
size and types of outcome. However, continued reassurance is needed that
the calculated overall effect is not in fact due to confounding variables.
相似文献
12.
Positional cloning of the gene for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa 3: homology with the guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor RCC1 总被引:6,自引:7,他引:6
Roepman R; van Duijnhoven G; Rosenberg T; Pinckers AJ; Bleeker-Wagemakers LM; Bergen AA; Post J; Beck A; Reinhardt R; Ropers HH; Cremers FP; Berger W 《Human molecular genetics》1996,5(7):1035-1041
The gene for retinitis pigmentosa 3 (RP3), the most frequent form of X-
linked RP (XLRP), has been mapped previously to a chromosome interval of
less than 1000 kbp between the DXS1110 marker and the OTC locus at
Xp21.1-p11.4. Employing a novel technique, YAC Representation Hybridization
(YRH)', we have recently identified a small XLRP associated microdeletion
in this interval, as well as several putative exons including the 3' end of
a gene that was truncated by the deletion. cDNA library screening and
sequencing of a cosmid centromeric to the deletion has now enabled us to
identify numerous additional exons and to detect several point mutations in
patients with XLRP. The predicted gene product shows homology to RCC1, the
guanine-nucleotide- exchange factor (GEF) of the Ras-like GTPase Ran. Our
findings suggest that we have cloned the long-sought RP3 gene, and that it
may encode the GEF of a retina-specific GTP-binding protein.
相似文献
13.
Lundberg S; Rasmussen C; Berg AA; Lindblom B 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(6):1490-1492
Falloposcopy is a transvaginal microendoscopic technique to explore the
human Fallopian tube from the uterotubal ostium to the fimbrial end.
Falloposcopy provides a unique possibility to visualize endotubal disease
and may be used therapeutically for removal of debris and for cutting down
filmy intraluminal adhesions. To assess the clinical performance of
falloposcopy as part of an infertility investigation, a total of 43 women
scheduled for laparoscopy as part of an investigation of infertility had a
falloposcopy performed in conjunction with the laparoscopy. All women were
investigated at Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm and Akademiska Hospital,
Uppsala, during 1995 and 1996. Images from the endosalpinx were obtained in
26 of 43 women (60.5%). In 10 women (23.3%), it was possible to obtain
images from both tubes. No images were of sufficient quality to describe
the entire tubal mucosa in detail. Falloposcopy represents a unique tool
for visualization of endotubal disease and may provide a valuable
instrument for in-vivo exploration of tubal physiology. However, certain
technical problems limit the usefulness of this method in routine clinical
practice. These technical problems have to be solved before falloposcopy
can achieve a central position in investigation and treatment of tubal
disease.
相似文献
14.
Comparison of the human and mouse genes encoding the telomeric protein, TRF1: chromosomal localization, expression and conserved protein domains 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
15.
High level of unequal meiotic crossovers at the origin of the 22q11. 2 and 7q11.23 deletions 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5
Baumer A; Dutly F; Balmer D; Riegel M; Tukel T; Krajewska-Walasek M; Schinzel AA 《Human molecular genetics》1998,7(5):887-894
Interstitial chromosomal deletions at 22q11.2 and 7q11.23 are detected in
the vast majority of patients affected by CATCH 22 syndromes and the
Williams-Beuren syndrome, respectively. In a group of 15 Williams- Beuren
patients, we have shown previously that a large number of 7q11.23 deletions
occur in association with an interchromosomal rearrangement, indicative of
an unequal crossing-over event between the two homologous chromosomes 7. In
this study, we show that a similar mechanism also underlies the formation
of the 22q11.2 deletions associated with CATCH 22. In eight out of 10
families with a proband affected by CATCH 22, we were able to show that a
meiotic recombination had occurred at the critical deleted region based on
segregation analysis of grandparental haplotypes. The incidences of
crossovers observed between the closest informative markers, proximal and
distal to the deletion, were compared with the expected recombination
frequencies between the markers. A significant number of recombination
events occur at the breakpoint of deletions in CATCH 22 patients (P =
2.99x10(-7)). The segregation analysis of haplotypes in three- generation
families was also performed on an extended number of Williams-Beuren cases
(22 cases in all). The statistically significant occurrence of meiotic
crossovers (P = 4.45x10(-9)) further supports the previous findings. Thus,
unequal meiotic crossover events appear to play a relevant role in the
formation of the two interstitial deletions. The recurrence risk for
healthy parents in cases where such meiotic recombinations can be
demonstrated is probably negligible. Such a finding is in agreement with
the predominantly sporadic occurrence of the 22q11.2 and 7q11. 23
deletions. No parent-of-origin bias was observed in the two groups of
patients with regard to the origin of the deletion and to the occurrence of
inter- versus intrachromosomal rearrangements.
相似文献
16.
ANA JP MORAES POLLYANA MF SOARES AURA L ZAPATA ANA PN LOTITO ADRIANA ME SALLUM CLOVIS AA SILVA 《Pediatrics international》2006,48(1):48-53
Background: The purpose of the present paper was to describe the clinical manifestations and treatment of patients with panniculitis. Methods: From January 1983 to December 2002, 4294 patients were treated for pediatric rheumatological diseases at Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Of these, 35 children and adolescents (0.8%) presented with panniculitis: erythema nodosum (EN) or Weber–Christian disease (WCD). Clinical characteristics, laboratory exams, biopsy of the lesion, treatment and clinical course were studied. Results: Of the 35 patients, 29 presented with EN and six with WCD, one of these with cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis. Mean age at symptom onset was 85 months (6–204 months) and the mean duration of follow up was 55 months (1–144 months). All the patients presented with inflammatory subcutaneous nodules. The patients with WCD presented with systemic manifestations and cutaneous atrophy. The principal etiologies of EN were streptococcal infection (42%), undetermined (13.5%), pulmonary tuberculosis (10%), and acute rheumatic fever (10%). Biopsy of the nodules indicated septal panniculitis in 14 patients with EN and lobular panniculitis without vasculitis in the patients with WCD, one of which had cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis. There was recurrence in 11 patients (38%) with EN and in all those with WCD. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs were used in 15 patients with EN and corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressive drugs in the six patients with WCD. Three patients died. Conclusions: EN is the most frequent panniculitis, with a benign course and is mainly associated with infections. WCD is a severe disease, with systemic involvement, that proceeds with cutaneous atrophy and requires the use of corticosteroids and or immunosuppressive drugs. 相似文献
17.
WBG Macdonald AP Patrikeos RI Thompson BD Adler AA Van Der Schaaf 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》2005,49(1):32-38
The present study compared the accuracy of ventilation perfusion scintigraphy (VQS) and CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. This was a prospective observational study of 112 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) who could be studied with both investigations within 24 h. Results were compared to final diagnosis at completion of 6-month follow up, using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Pulmonary embolism was diagnosed in 27 referred patients (24%). The sensitivity and specificity of VQS and CTPA were similar to that reported from the literature. A normal VQ scan had the highest negative predictive value (100%), while a high-probability VQ scan had the highest positive predictive value (92%). There was no overall difference (area under the ROC curve (AUC)) between VQS (AUC (95% CI) = 0.82 (0.75,0.89)) and CTPA (AUC = 0.88 (0.81,0.94)) for the diagnosis of PE. Among patients with abnormal chest X-rays, CTPA (AUC 0.90 (0.83,0.97)) appeared somewhat better than VQS (AUC 0.78 (0.68,0.88)) but this difference did not reach statistical significance. In this instance, CTPA is at least as accurate as VQS and may provide an opportunity to make alternative diagnoses. 相似文献
18.
19.
H Khalili A Soudbakhsh M Hajiabdolbaghi S Dashti-Khavidaki A Poorzare AA Saeedi R Sharififar 《BMC infectious diseases》2008,8(1):165
Background
Human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals are prone to malnutrition due to increased energy requirements, enteropathy and increased catabolism. Trace elements such as zinc and selenium have major role in maintaining a healthy immune system. This study was designed to evaluate the nutritional status of Iranian subjects who were newly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection and to compare serum level of zinc and selenium in these patients with those of the sex and aged match healthy subjects. 相似文献20.
背景目前已开展了对重性精神病患者进提供连续性服务的研究。目的探讨基层对有抑郁症风险患者提供连续性服务的水平,并与对心力衰竭患者的服务水平进行对比。方法采用抑郁症风险患者与心力衰竭患者对比的探索性研究。采用患者问卷评估服务的持续性,包含如下内容:(1)联系的服务提供者数(个人连续性);(2)诊所内服务提供者之间的合作(团队连续性)(6个项目,分数1~5分);(3)诊所外全科医师与服务提供者之间的合作(跨界连续性)(4个项目,分数1~5分)。结果大多数抑郁症风险患者在过去1年中寻遍整个服务提供界联系了几个服务提供者,曾遇到过高水平团队连续性服务及低水平跨界连续性服务。在诊所中可接触到的不同服务提供者要明显多于心力衰竭患者服务提供者(P<0.01)。抑郁症风险患者的服务提供者之间的合作更好一些,每项平均得分4.3分,心力衰竭患者得分为4.0分(P=0.03)。然而,跨界连续性服务方面正好相反:抑郁症风险患者每项平均得分3.5分,心力衰竭患者得分为4.0分(P=0.01)。结论抑郁症风险患者与心力衰竭患者之间的探索性对比显示:体验服务连续性方面的差距不大。对此还应行进一步分析。 相似文献