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71.
Recently, there has been increasing concern about the decline in breast-feeding pattern in developing countries. The objectives of this study were to document the recent breast-feeding trends in Jeddah during the first year of an infant's life and identify the probable maternal risk factors implicated in breast-feeding cessation. Data were collected from six randomly selected primary health care centres in Jeddah City. All married women with an infant = 12 completed months of age were interviewed, and information on socio-demographic characteristics, breast feeding and contraceptive use were collected. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios for the various maternal risk factors related to breast-feeding cessation. A total of 400 women were enrolled in the study. Their mean age at delivery was 28.0 years (SD = 4.1 years). Approximately 40.0% had never attended school, 43.0% had at least five children and 13.8% were smokers. Deliveries by caesarean section were reported by 13.0% of women and contraceptive use by 44.7%, among whom oral contraceptives were the commonest method. Around 94.0% of women ever initially breast fed their infants, and this proportion dropped to 40.0% by the infant's 12th month. Women who delivered by caesarean section (OR = 1.9 [95% CI 1.3, 2.8]P = 0.001) and those who used oral contraceptives (OR = 1.5 [95% CI 1.1, 2.2]P = 0.031) were at higher risk of stopping breast feeding and lower probability of maintaining breast feeding to the 12th month post partum than those who delivered vaginally and did not use oral contraceptives. Breast-feeding practice seems to decline rapidly during the first year of the infant's life. Health care professionals should promote breast-feeding practice as early as the antenatal period. They should also take into consideration the impact of caesarean section deliveries and early oral contraceptive use to avoid their negative impact on breast-feeding practice. 相似文献
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We report on a rare case of aphallia in an X, Y-born male treated at our institution. The child underwent phalloplasty at 5 years of age using the De Castro phalloplasty technique and an abdominal skin flap. Although moderate distal necrosis was seen, the overall immediate and 12-month postoperative results were highly encouraging for our patient. Thus, this technique should be seen as a temporizing reconstructive option for patients with aphallia. Long-term follow-up is necessary to determine whether the neophallic size augments with axial growth and the need for additional intervention to facilitate onset of sexual activity. 相似文献
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Bahaa Kenawy Abuel-Hussien Abdel-Salam 《Inflammation》2014,37(5):1616-1622
The anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necroses factor-alpha (TNF-α)) have important functions in wound healing. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether dietary supplementation with whey protein could enhance normal inflammatory responses during wound healing in diabetic rats. In this study, male albino rats were divided into a wounded control group, a wounded diabetic group, and a wounded diabetic group supplemented with whey protein orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. Tested rats showed increasing wound closure in rats treated with whey protein. In addition, after 4 days of wound, modulation in IL-4, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were detected. Statistical analysis of data showed significant difference between the whey-protein-treated group and either control or diabetic groups (P?0.05). Dietary supplementation with whey protein enhances the normal inflammatory responses during wound healing in diabetic rats by modulating the levels of some anti-inflammatory and inflammatory cytokines. 相似文献
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Kamal MA Elsaadany ZA Fouad NB Elaal AA Makhlouf MM Shabaan MM Elrahman DR 《The American journal of the medical sciences》2012,343(4):291-294
IntroductionMicrosomal epoxide hydrolase enzyme is involved in xenobiotics detoxification. It catalyzes the phase I hydrolysis of epoxides and plays a role in the detoxification processes and in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Preeclampsia, which is one of the most serious complications of pregnancy, may be due to an imbalance between these compounds, such as lipid peroxides and oxygen-free radicals and detoxifying and scavenging substances. Two variants of human epoxide hydrolase enzyme with different enzyme activity have been described; exon 3 polymorphism is associated with lower enzyme activity whereas exon 4 polymorphism is associated with higher activity. The authors tried to investigate the association between these genetic polymorphisms and preeclampsia.MethodThirty preeclamptic females together with 30 normal pregnant females as controls were included in the study. Genotyping for exons 3 and 4 of microsomal epoxide hydrolase enzyme was done by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism.ResultsThere was no statistical significant difference in the distribution of exon 3 genotype between cases and controls (P = 0.4); on the other hand, a highly statistical significant difference was found between cases and controls as regard exon 4 genotype (P = 0.002).ConclusionThere may be an association between epoxide hydrolase enzyme polymorphism and the risk of preeclampsia. 相似文献
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Ali Mahmoud Ahmed Abdelrahman Tarek Mohammed Thao T. Vu Mohammed Khattab Mohamed Fahmy Doheim Ahmed Ashraf Mohamed Mai Mahmoud Abdelhamed Bahaa Eldin Shamandy Mahmoud Tamer Dawod Wafaa Ali Alesaei Mahmoud Attia Kassem Omar Mohamed Mattar Chris Smith Kenji Hirayama Nguyen Tien Huy 《Reviews in medical virology》2020,30(2)
Imported dengue cases are thought to be important source for transmission of autochthonous dengue in Europe. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of dengue in Europe, its severity, and factors associated with it. Out of 5287 reports resulting from the search of nine electronic search engines, we included 174 reports. Meta‐analysis was performed by pooling the event rate and 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup meta‐analyses were performed to test the effect of the covariates. Among 20 284 reported cases, 130 autochthonous dengue cases were reported in eight countries with the highest number of cases reported in Israel (n = 41). The highest number of imported dengue cases was in Germany (n = 6638) then France (n = 6610). Most cases were imported from Southeast Asia (n = 2533) especially Thailand. Dengue infection cases increased with time, with 4157 cases reported in 2010. Second dengue infection and dengue serotype 2 were positively associated with dengue severity. The proportion of autochthonous dengue infection increased with time to reach 14.8% (95% CI, 7.6‐26.9) in 2015. The pooled proportion of severe dengue was 6.18% (95% CI, 2.7‐13.3). The United Kingdom and France had the highest rate of severe dengue (25%; 95% CI, 6.3‐62.3, and 21.4%; 95% CI, 24.5‐18.7, respectively). This change may be due to the surveillance efforts instead of true biological phenomenon; thus, the lack of surveillance is an obvious limitation. In conclusion, imported and autochthonous dengue has been increasing in Europe. Severe dengue began to increase recently in Europe. European health authorities should pay more attention for the diagnosis and control of dengue infection among returning travelers, especially the travelers with fever of unknown origin. 相似文献
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Mohamed T.-E. Maghraby Ola I. A. Salem Bahaa G. M. Youssif Mahmoud M. Sheha 《Chemical biology & drug design》2023,101(3):749-759
A novel series of 1,2,3-triazole/chalcone hybrids 6a–n was designed and synthesized using a molecular hybridization approach to develop a new cytotoxic agent capable of targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and/or BRAF. The antiproliferative effect of the novel hybrids was investigated against four cancer cells using doxorubicin as a reference. Hybrids 6a , 6d , 6f–h , and 6n have the highest antiproliferative activity (IC50 values 0.95–1.80 μM) compared to doxorubicin (IC50 1.14 μM). The most potent antiproliferative derivative, compound 6d , was also the most potent EGFR inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.09 ± 0.05 μM, which is comparable to the reference Erlotinib (IC50 = 0.05 ± 0.03 μM). 6d has modest BRAF inhibitory action with an IC50 of 0.90 ± 0.10 μM. The findings were also related to molecular docking studies, which provided models of strong interactions with the EGFR-TK domain for the inhibitors. In cell cycle analysis, hybrid 6d caused a cell cycle arrest at the G1 transition phase. 相似文献