Maternal factors associated with the duration of breast feeding in Jeddah,Saudi Arabia

Recently, there has been increasing concern about the decline in breast-feeding pattern in developing countries. The objectives of this study were to document the recent breast-feeding trends in Jeddah during the first year of an infant's life and identify the probable maternal risk factors implicated in breast-feeding cessation. Data were collected from six randomly selected primary health care centres in Jeddah City. All married women with an infant 相似文献   

De Castro technique used to create neophallus: a case of aphallia

We report on a rare case of aphallia in an X, Y-born male treated at our institution. The child underwent phalloplasty at 5 years of age using the De Castro phalloplasty technique and an abdominal skin flap. Although moderate distal necrosis was seen, the overall immediate and 12-month postoperative results were highly encouraging for our patient. Thus, this technique should be seen as a temporizing reconstructive option for patients with aphallia. Long-term follow-up is necessary to determine whether the neophallic size augments with axial growth and the need for additional intervention to facilitate onset of sexual activity.     

Modulatory Effect of Whey Proteins in Some Cytokines Involved in Wound Healing in Male Diabetic Albino Rats

The anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necroses factor-alpha (TNF-α)) have important functions in wound healing. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether dietary supplementation with whey protein could enhance normal inflammatory responses during wound healing in diabetic rats. In this study, male albino rats were divided into a wounded control group, a wounded diabetic group, and a wounded diabetic group supplemented with whey protein orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. Tested rats showed increasing wound closure in rats treated with whey protein. In addition, after 4 days of wound, modulation in IL-4, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were detected. Statistical analysis of data showed significant difference between the whey-protein-treated group and either control or diabetic groups (P?相似文献   

Genetic polymorphism of microsomal epoxide hydrolase enzyme gene in preeclamptic females

IntroductionMicrosomal epoxide hydrolase enzyme is involved in xenobiotics detoxification. It catalyzes the phase I hydrolysis of epoxides and plays a role in the detoxification processes and in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Preeclampsia, which is one of the most serious complications of pregnancy, may be due to an imbalance between these compounds, such as lipid peroxides and oxygen-free radicals and detoxifying and scavenging substances. Two variants of human epoxide hydrolase enzyme with different enzyme activity have been described; exon 3 polymorphism is associated with lower enzyme activity whereas exon 4 polymorphism is associated with higher activity. The authors tried to investigate the association between these genetic polymorphisms and preeclampsia.MethodThirty preeclamptic females together with 30 normal pregnant females as controls were included in the study. Genotyping for exons 3 and 4 of microsomal epoxide hydrolase enzyme was done by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism.ResultsThere was no statistical significant difference in the distribution of exon 3 genotype between cases and controls (P = 0.4); on the other hand, a highly statistical significant difference was found between cases and controls as regard exon 4 genotype (P = 0.002).ConclusionThere may be an association between epoxide hydrolase enzyme polymorphism and the risk of preeclampsia.     

Prevalence and burden of dengue infection in Europe: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Imported dengue cases are thought to be important source for transmission of autochthonous dengue in Europe. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of dengue in Europe, its severity, and factors associated with it. Out of 5287 reports resulting from the search of nine electronic search engines, we included 174 reports. Meta‐analysis was performed by pooling the event rate and 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup meta‐analyses were performed to test the effect of the covariates. Among 20 284 reported cases, 130 autochthonous dengue cases were reported in eight countries with the highest number of cases reported in Israel (n = 41). The highest number of imported dengue cases was in Germany (n = 6638) then France (n = 6610). Most cases were imported from Southeast Asia (n = 2533) especially Thailand. Dengue infection cases increased with time, with 4157 cases reported in 2010. Second dengue infection and dengue serotype 2 were positively associated with dengue severity. The proportion of autochthonous dengue infection increased with time to reach 14.8% (95% CI, 7.6‐26.9) in 2015. The pooled proportion of severe dengue was 6.18% (95% CI, 2.7‐13.3). The United Kingdom and France had the highest rate of severe dengue (25%; 95% CI, 6.3‐62.3, and 21.4%; 95% CI, 24.5‐18.7, respectively). This change may be due to the surveillance efforts instead of true biological phenomenon; thus, the lack of surveillance is an obvious limitation. In conclusion, imported and autochthonous dengue has been increasing in Europe. Severe dengue began to increase recently in Europe. European health authorities should pay more attention for the diagnosis and control of dengue infection among returning travelers, especially the travelers with fever of unknown origin.     

Design,synthesis, and modelling study of new 1,2,3-triazole/chalcone hybrids with antiproliferative action as epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors

A novel series of 1,2,3-triazole/chalcone hybrids 6a–n was designed and synthesized using a molecular hybridization approach to develop a new cytotoxic agent capable of targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and/or BRAF. The antiproliferative effect of the novel hybrids was investigated against four cancer cells using doxorubicin as a reference. Hybrids 6a , 6d , 6f–h , and 6n have the highest antiproliferative activity (IC₅₀ values 0.95–1.80 μM) compared to doxorubicin (IC₅₀ 1.14 μM). The most potent antiproliferative derivative, compound 6d , was also the most potent EGFR inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.09 ± 0.05 μM, which is comparable to the reference Erlotinib (IC₅₀ = 0.05 ± 0.03 μM). 6d has modest BRAF inhibitory action with an IC₅₀ of 0.90 ± 0.10 μM. The findings were also related to molecular docking studies, which provided models of strong interactions with the EGFR-TK domain for the inhibitors. In cell cycle analysis, hybrid 6d caused a cell cycle arrest at the G1 transition phase.