Metabolomics biotechnology,applications, and future trends: a systematic review

Given the highly increased incidence of human diseases, a better understanding of the related mechanisms regarding endogenous metabolism is urgently needed. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics has been used in a variety of disease research areas. However, the deep research of metabolites remains a difficult and lengthy process. Fortunately, mass spectrometry is considered to be a universal tool with high specificity and sensitivity and is widely used around the world. Mass spectrometry technology has been applied to various basic disciplines, providing technical support for the discovery and identification of endogenous substances in living organisms. The combination of metabolomics and mass spectrometry is of great significance for the discovery and identification of metabolite biomarkers. The mass spectrometry tool could further improve and develop the exploratory research of the life sciences. This mini review discusses metabolomics biotechnology with a focus on recent applications of metabolomics as a powerful tool to elucidate metabolic disturbances and the related mechanisms of diseases.

Given the highly increased incidence of human diseases, a better understanding of the related mechanisms regarding endogenous metabolism is urgently needed.     

骨髓基质干细胞片层复合聚乳酸羟基乙酸支架构建组织工程骨

目的 制备骨髓基质干细胞片层,探讨其对组织工程骨成骨的作用.方法 培养骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs)并向成骨方向诱导,利用温度反应性培养皿制备骨髓基质干细胞片层,光学及电子显微镜下观察其形态.将经过预处理的三维多孔聚乳酸羟基乙酸(PLGA)支架注射BMSCs悬液并复合干细胞片层后植入犬左侧下颌骨缺损,为实验侧;将未复合细胞片层的支架植入右侧,为对照侧.16周后,对新生骨行影像学及组织学观察分析.结果 片层中细胞排列紧密,生长活跃.实验侧吸光度值高于对照侧(P＜0.05),并可见较多哈弗系统及板层骨样结构.结论 经温度反应性培养皿制备的干细胞片层结合PLGA支架可形成具有板层状结构的组织工程骨.     

Worst泪道探针法治疗泪小管断裂的护理

丁基胶塞因具有良好的气密性，较强的惰性，更高洁净度、更安全的生物性能等优点，成为国家在制药行业限期强制推广使用的药用包装材料。国食药监注（2004）391号明确规定：2005年1月1日起禁止所有药品采用普通天然胶塞包装。但丁基胶塞作为输液瓶胶塞在临床应用中存在一定缺陷。如穿刺时致输液器针梗不易全部插入胶塞中，输液过程中出现掉、退针，从而诱发护患纠纷。本研究发现，将输液器穿刺针柄嵌入铝盖与胶塞之间，可有效地解决上述问题，现报道如下。     

Network pharmacology combined with functional metabolomics discover bile acid metabolism as a promising target for mirabilite against colorectal cancer

In this study, a combination of network pharmacology and metabolomics was used to explore the mechanism by which mirabilite regulates bile acid metabolism in the treatment of colorectal cancer. The PharmMapper web server was applied to make preliminary predictions for the treatment targets of mirabilite and to predict the interaction between mirabilite and disease targets using Discovery Studio 2.5. Furthermore, the urine metabolic profile was analyzed by the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology. The original data were processed by Progenesis QI software and analyzed by multivariate pattern recognition, which allowed us to reveal the metabolic disturbance in colorectal cancer and explain the therapeutic effect of mirabilite. The network pharmacology results showed that mirabilite can act on the disease targets, and the sites of action include amino acid residues Arg-364 and Asp-533, as well as nucleotides TPC-11, DG-112 and DA-113. Based on metabolomics, potential biomarkers were found to lie in the relevant pathways of bile acid metabolism, such as taurine, chenodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid, and deoxycholic acid. The results showed that mirabilite could regulate the distribution of overall metabolic disturbance, and bile acid metabolism was the main targeted pathway. Additionally, we predicted the upstream targets by ingenuity pathway analysis and found that mirabilite played a significant role in regulating the bile acid-related biomarkers, which allowed comprehensive analysis of the effect of mirabilite on colorectal cancer. This study fully explained the role of mirabilite in inhibiting colorectal cancer, which mainly occurs through bile acid metabolism, via the approach of network pharmacology combined with functional metabolomics.

In this study, a combination of network pharmacology and metabolomics was used to explore the mechanism by which mirabilite regulates bile acid metabolism in the treatment of colorectal cancer.     

Functional metabolomics discover pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathways as promising targets for Yang Huang syndrome treatment with Yinchenhao Tang

Yinchenhao Tang (YCHT), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae, plays an important role in the treatment of Yang Huang syndrome (YHS). With the emergence of new biomarkers of YHS uncovered via metabonomics, the underlying functional mechanisms are still not clear. Functional metabolomics aims at converting biomarkers derived from metabonomics into disease mechanisms. Here, an integrated non-target metabolomics and IPA strategy were used to investigate the YCHT intervention on YHS. Our metabolomics study has shown that the potential protective effect of YCHT on YHS mice leads to significant changes in the metabolic profile by modulating the biomarkers and regulating the metabolic disorders. Twenty two differential metabolite biomarkers and fifteen involved metabolic pathways were correlated with the regulation of YCHT treatment on YHS. Functional metabolomics identified a core biomarker, d-glucuronic acid in pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathways, which was directly related to the target prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 and eventually leaded to a series of disturbances. In conclusion, this study shows that functional metabolomics can discover metabolic pathways as promising targets.

Yinchenhao Tang (YCHT), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae, plays an important role in the treatment of Yang Huang syndrome (YHS).     

基于单元的综合安全项目在复发性卵巢癌化疗患者安全用药中的应用

目的 探讨基于单元的综合安全项目在复发性卵巢癌化疗患者安全用药中的应用效果。方法 选取安徽省某三级甲等医院2个妇科病区,实施基于单元的综合安全项目指导下的复发性卵巢癌化疗药物安全用药管理,实施前后使用医院安全文化调查问卷、安全用药知信行水平调查问卷、复发性卵巢癌化疗药物理论知识考核和复发性卵巢癌化疗患者药物不良反应发生率进行效果评价。结果 实施后医院安全文化调查问卷中待改进区域的积极反应率较干预前有所改善（P<0.05）;实施后医护人员的安全用药知识、态度和行为水平以及理论知识考核得分均高于实施前（P<0.05）;实施后复发性卵巢癌化疗患者药物不良反应的发生率较实施前明显下降（P<0.05）。结论 基于单元的综合安全项目指导下的复发性卵巢癌化疗患者安全用药管理,有利于建立病区安全文化,提高医护人员安全用药水平,减少化疗药物不良反应的发生率。     

负压引流装置在小耳畸形患者皮肤扩张法耳郭再造二期手术中的应用

目的 探讨一种负压引流装置在皮肤扩张法耳郭再造二期手术中的临床应用效果。 方法 收集420例需要外耳再造的小耳畸形患者,应用皮肤扩张器植入法加自体肋软骨移植行耳郭再造术。按照术后引流方式随机分为两组:实验组(290例)采用专用负压引流装置;对照组(130例)常规放置一根负压引流管。比较两组患者皮下血肿的发生率并作统计学分析。 结果 与对照组相比,应用专用负压引流装置组皮下血肿发生率较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 在小耳畸形皮肤扩张法耳郭再造二期手术中,应用此负压引流装置可以有效防止术腔血肿,值得临床推广应用。     

正常及病理状态下FLAIR图像上脑室内脑脊液搏动伪影的表现

目的探讨正常人及病理状态下轴位液体衰减反转恢复（FLAIR）图像上脑室内脑脊液伪影（VCSFA）的表现,及其在对比剂增强前后的变化。方法262例患者分为3组,A组颅脑无异常者126例,B组无占位效应的脑内病变101例,C组有占位效应的颅内病变35例,均行头颅FLAIR检查,其中52例行静脉注入对比剂后的增强FLAIR检查。记录各脑室系统的VCSFA并进行比较。结果VCSFA的发生率为55.0%,以四脑室最为常见。侧脑室者多位于孟氏孔附近呈椭圆形,三脑室者多为片状,四脑室者常在上部呈圆形,导水管者则位于其末端呈圆形。A组和B组的VCSFA发生率分别为57.9%、54.5%,均高于C组的45.7%。VCSFA的发生与三脑室直径无关。2.8%的VCSFA在相位编码方向上可见搏动伪影,15.4%的患者增强前后VCSFA发生变化。结论VCSFA是FLAIR图像上的常见现象,有一定的特征性表现。占位性病变和对比剂对VCSFA有一定的影响。     

替米沙坦抑制大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝纤维化

目的 探讨替米沙坦(Tel)对大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝纤维化(NAFLF)的抑制作用.方法 60只Wistar大鼠随机均分为6个组,对照组用含胆碱的氨基酸(CSAA)饲料喂养,添加0(CSAA组)或2.5 mg/(kg BW)(CDAA治疗组)的Tel;剩余4组用胆碱缺乏的氨基酸(CDAA)饲料喂养复制非酒精性脂肪肝纤维化模型,分别添加0(CDAA组)、0.5(低)、1.0(中)和2.5 mg/(kg BW)(高浓度组)的Tel,共10周.常规方法检测血清生化指标.免疫组化法观察肝组织α-平滑肌激动蛋白(α-SMA)和转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)的表达;实时定量PCR法测定肝组织Ⅰ型前胶原、金属基质蛋白酶(MMPs)及其抑制物(TIMPs)的表达.结果 CDAA组血浆中透明质酸,碱性磷酸酶,γ-谷氨酰转肽酶和总胆红素均高于CDAA添加Tel组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);肝组织α-SMA和TGFβ1定量分析表明,CDAA组表达明显高于CDAA添加Tel组(均P＜0.01).CDAA组的Ⅰ型前胶原表达明显高于CDAA添加Tel组(P＜0.01),且随着Tel剂量的增加,表达逐渐减少;同时MMP-13表达上升(P＜0.01),而MMP-2及9和TIMP-1及2的表达下降(P＜0.01);Tel控制CDAA喂养大鼠的体质量增加.结论 替米沙坦可通过抑制肝星状细胞的活化而阻止NAFLF的形成,有望成为控制非酒精性脂肪肝病发展的很有前景的药物.     

重组空肠弯曲菌PEB1蛋白的大量表达及其鉴定分析

目的 探讨基因工程菌PEB1 E.coli BL21(DE3)大量表达重组空肠弯曲菌PEB1蛋白的稳定性及其纯化方法并鉴定.方法 诱导培养工程菌E.coli BL21(DE3)表达重组空肠弯曲菌PEB1蛋白,经镍琼脂糖凝胶层析柱纯化,透析后通过SDS-PAGE分析纯化后的重组空肠弯曲菌PEB1蛋白分子量大小.结果 挑取的PEB1 E.coli BL21(DE3)单个菌落,经总共17 h的扩增,细菌总数可达1×1010以上.在咪唑浓度为100,200,300 mmol/L时,洗脱液中重组蛋白的含量较高,分子量在31KD左右.结论 基因工程菌PEB1 E.coli BL21(DE3)可大量稳定表达重组空肠弯曲菌PEB1蛋白,经鉴定与空肠弯曲菌外膜蛋白-PEB1蛋白分子量相同.