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61.
Reliability and Validity of the PAQ‐C Questionnaire to Assess Physical Activity in Children
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62.
Oral lichenoid drug eruptions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
OBJECTIVES: To identify, from amongst drugs reported as causing lichenoid drug eruptions, those affecting the oral mucous membranes and to review the clinical, histo-logical and immunological features of such oral lichenoid drug eruptions in comparison to oral lichen planus, amalgam contact lesions and lichen planus-like eruption in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
DATA SOURCES: Ovid® Medline data searches on CD-Rom were carried out for the years 1966–1996 to identify reports of oral lichenoid drug eruptions and their clinical, histological and immunological featureS. Articles retrieved were examined for further appropriate references in the period 1940–1996.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Each paper was critically examined for evidence of a clinically verifiable lichenoid drug eruption affecting the oral mucous membranes and the effects of subsequent drug withdrawal. Available clinical, histological and immunological features were recorded. The papers examined were too diverse in nature to permit a structured criticism. The extracted data have been tabulated where appropriate.
CONCLUSIONS: The reports of oral lichenoid drug eruptions are considerably fewer than those of cutaneous eruptions and fewer drugs have been reported as causing oral rather than cutaneous lichenoid eruptionS. Histology and immunology cannot be used reliably to differentiate lichenoid drug eruptions from idiopathic lichen planus, amalgam contact lesions and lichen planus-like eruption in GVHD. Lichenoid drug eruptions may also show some histological characteristics of oral discoid lupus erythematosuS. An accepted protocol agreed by a number of international centres would permit the gathering of substantial information on LDE and could lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved. 相似文献
DATA SOURCES: Ovid® Medline data searches on CD-Rom were carried out for the years 1966–1996 to identify reports of oral lichenoid drug eruptions and their clinical, histological and immunological featureS. Articles retrieved were examined for further appropriate references in the period 1940–1996.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Each paper was critically examined for evidence of a clinically verifiable lichenoid drug eruption affecting the oral mucous membranes and the effects of subsequent drug withdrawal. Available clinical, histological and immunological features were recorded. The papers examined were too diverse in nature to permit a structured criticism. The extracted data have been tabulated where appropriate.
CONCLUSIONS: The reports of oral lichenoid drug eruptions are considerably fewer than those of cutaneous eruptions and fewer drugs have been reported as causing oral rather than cutaneous lichenoid eruptionS. Histology and immunology cannot be used reliably to differentiate lichenoid drug eruptions from idiopathic lichen planus, amalgam contact lesions and lichen planus-like eruption in GVHD. Lichenoid drug eruptions may also show some histological characteristics of oral discoid lupus erythematosuS. An accepted protocol agreed by a number of international centres would permit the gathering of substantial information on LDE and could lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved. 相似文献
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S. McIlfatrick RN PhD S. Keeney BA MRes PhD H. McKenna RN PhD CBE N. McCarley G. McIlwee 《European journal of cancer care》2014,23(3):288-299
The aim of this study was to investigate the actual and the potential role of the primary care nurse (PCN) in the prevention of cancer. International studies have indicated that a range of strategies can have an impact on the incidence of cancer. Due to their frequent front‐line contact with the public, PCNs can play an important role in the primary prevention of cancer. Nonetheless, there is a lack of information on their actual and potential role in cancer prevention. A sequential confirmatory mixed methods approach was used. Postal questionnaires were administered to PCNs [n = 500; 225 returns (response rate 45%)] followed by semi‐structured interviews (n = 15). PCNs provided high levels of cancer prevention activities, specifically focusing on smoking cessation, obesity and cervical screening. They considered that their cancer prevention role could be improved through additional practice‐based training and more collaborative inter‐professional working. They also identified the need for a better understanding of how to change people's attitudes and behaviours regarding cancer prevention. Evidence from this study provide important insights into the potential of the PCN to empower individuals to take responsibility for their own health and make more informed lifestyle choices. 相似文献
65.
Noninvasive single-beat determination of left ventricular end-systolic elastance in humans 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Chen-Huan Chen MD Barry Fetics BE Erez Nevo MD DSc Carlos E. Rochitte MD Kuan-Rau Chiou MD PhillipYu-An Ding MD PhD Miho Kawaguchi MD David A. Kass MD 《Journal of the American College of Cardiology》2001,38(7):2028-2034
OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to develop and validate a method to estimate left ventricular end-systolic elastance (E(es)) in humans from noninvasive single-beat parameters. BACKGROUND: Left ventricular end-systolic elastance is a major determinant of cardiac systolic function and ventricular-arterial interaction. However, its use in heart failure assessment and management is limited by lack of a simple means to measure it noninvasively. This study presents a new noninvasive method and validates it against invasively measured E(es). METHODS: Left ventricular end-systolic elastance was calculated by a modified single-beat method employing systolic (P(s)) and diastolic (P(d)) arm-cuff pressures, echo-Doppler stroke volume (SV), echo-derived ejection fraction (EF) and an estimated normalized ventricular elastance at arterial end-diastole (E(Nd)): E(es(sb)) = [P(d) - (E(Nd(est)) x P(s) x 0.9)[/(E(Nd(est)) x SV). The E(Nd) was estimated from a group-averaged value adjusted for individual contractile/loading effects; E(es(sb)) estimates were compared with invasively measured values in 43 patients with varying cardiovascular disorders, with additional data recorded after inotropic stimulation (n = 18, dobutamine 5 to 10 microg/kg per min). Investigators performing noninvasive analysis were blinded to the invasive results. RESULTS: Combined baseline and dobutamine-stimulated E(es) ranged 0.4 to 8.4 mm Hg/ml and was well predicted by E(es(sb)) over the full range: E(es) = 0.86 x E(es(sb)) + 0.40 (r = 0.91, SEE = 0.64, p < 0.00001, n = 72). Absolute change in E(es(sb)) before and after dobutamine also correlated well with invasive measures: E(es(sb)): DeltaE(es) = 0.86 x DeltaE(es(sb)) + 0.67 (r = 0.88, p < 0.00001). Repeated measures of E(es(sb)) over two months in a separate group of patients (n = 7) yielded a coefficient of variation of 20.3 +/- 6%. CONCLUSIONS: The E(es) can be reliably estimated from simple noninvasive measurements. This approach should broaden the clinical applicability of this useful parameter for assessing systolic function, therapeutic response and ventricular-arterial interaction. 相似文献
66.
Christopher Stuart-Andrews BE MBME Philip Peyton MBBS MD FANZCA Craig Humphries MBBS FANZCA Gavin Robinson MBBS FANZCA Brian Lithgow BE MEngSc 《Journal of clinical monitoring and computing》2009,23(1):41-49
A method was tested which permits continuous monitoring from a breathing system of the rate of uptake of multiple gas species,
such as occurs in patients during inhalational anaesthesia. The method is an indirect calorimetry technique which uses fresh
gas rotameters for control, regulation and measurement of the gas flows into the system, with continuous sampling of mixed
exhaust gas, and frequent automated recalibration to maintain accuracy. Its accuracy was tested in 16 patients undergoing
pre-cardiopulmonary bypass coronary artery surgery, breathing mixtures of oxygen/air and sevoflurane with/without nitrous
oxide, by comparison with the reverse Fick method. Overall mean bias [95% confidence interval (CI)] of rate of uptake was
17.9 [7.3 to 28.5] ml min−1 for oxygen, 0.04 [−0.42 to 0.50] ml min−1 for sevoflurane, 10.9 [−16.1 to 37.8] for CO2, and 8.8 [−14.8 to 32.4] ml min−1 for nitrous oxide where present. The method proved to be accurate and precise, and allows continuous monitoring of exchange
of multiple gases using standard gas analysis devices.
Stuart-Andrews C, Peyton P, Humphries C, Robinson G, Lithgow B. Continuous measurement of multiple inert and respiratory gas
exchange in an anaesthetic breathing system by continuous indirect calorimetry. 相似文献
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69.
We describe a simple method for design and construction of dedicated receiver coils for use in magnetic resonance imaging. We have been successful in constructing dedicated coils for multiple regions of the body using this method. 相似文献
70.
M. Lee BE BAppSc MBiomedE J. Latimer BAppSc GradDipAppSc C. Maher BAppSc GradDipAppSc GradDipAppSc 《Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)》1993,8(6):302-306
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether spinal manipulation alters the posteroanterior stiffness of the manipulated region. Thirty subjects with no history of thoracic pain or contraindication to manipulation participated. The manipulation studied was a posteroanterior thrust applied to the T4–5 spinal level. The effect of the manipulation was compared to a control intervention of supine lying. The posteroanterior stiffness of all subjects was measured at the T4 and T5 levels initially, and remeasured after both the manipulation and control interventions. Change scores relating to the change in posteroanterior stiffness due to manipulation and due to the control intervention were computed. A t-test comparing the change scores between interventions revealed no significant difference. However, the posteroanterior stiffness at T5 was found to be significantly greater than at T4. It was concluded that in the case of asymptomatic subjects these results did not provide support for the hypothesis that posteroanterior stiffness is altered by manipulation. 相似文献