全文获取类型
收费全文 | 37852篇 |
免费 | 2057篇 |
国内免费 | 288篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 267篇 |
儿科学 | 853篇 |
妇产科学 | 519篇 |
基础医学 | 4536篇 |
口腔科学 | 879篇 |
临床医学 | 2435篇 |
内科学 | 10655篇 |
皮肤病学 | 787篇 |
神经病学 | 2997篇 |
特种医学 | 1325篇 |
外科学 | 6147篇 |
综合类 | 189篇 |
一般理论 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 900篇 |
眼科学 | 771篇 |
药学 | 2495篇 |
中国医学 | 60篇 |
肿瘤学 | 4378篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 238篇 |
2022年 | 425篇 |
2021年 | 886篇 |
2020年 | 507篇 |
2019年 | 679篇 |
2018年 | 836篇 |
2017年 | 622篇 |
2016年 | 765篇 |
2015年 | 838篇 |
2014年 | 1068篇 |
2013年 | 1299篇 |
2012年 | 2062篇 |
2011年 | 2296篇 |
2010年 | 1328篇 |
2009年 | 1052篇 |
2008年 | 1841篇 |
2007年 | 2147篇 |
2006年 | 2000篇 |
2005年 | 2021篇 |
2004年 | 1885篇 |
2003年 | 1763篇 |
2002年 | 1824篇 |
2001年 | 1074篇 |
2000年 | 1022篇 |
1999年 | 976篇 |
1998年 | 470篇 |
1997年 | 393篇 |
1996年 | 412篇 |
1995年 | 271篇 |
1994年 | 251篇 |
1993年 | 233篇 |
1992年 | 593篇 |
1991年 | 536篇 |
1990年 | 555篇 |
1989年 | 502篇 |
1988年 | 453篇 |
1987年 | 457篇 |
1986年 | 392篇 |
1985年 | 409篇 |
1984年 | 301篇 |
1983年 | 203篇 |
1979年 | 221篇 |
1978年 | 145篇 |
1977年 | 147篇 |
1974年 | 134篇 |
1971年 | 140篇 |
1970年 | 132篇 |
1969年 | 131篇 |
1968年 | 142篇 |
1967年 | 141篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 437 毫秒
91.
Shuji Kurane MD Marjorie T. Arca MD Atsushi Aruga MD PhD Robert A. Krinock BS John C. Krauss MD Dr. Alfred E. Chang MD 《Annals of surgical oncology》1997,4(7):579-585
Background: We examined alternative methods of delivering cytokines as an adjunct for priming lymph node (LN) cells draining sites of vaccine inoculation for the purpose of generating immune cells for adoptive immunotherapy.
Methods: Using syngeneic murine tumors we examined the ability of IL-2, IL-4, or GM-CSF delivered locally to a site of tumor inoculum to induce antitumor reactive draining LN cells. Mice were inoculated subcutaneously with tumor cells transduced to secrete cytokine; tumor cells admixed with fibroblasts transduced to secrete cytokine; or intralesional inoculation of cytokine in established tumor to induce sensitized LN cells capable of mediating tumor regression in adoptive transfer.
Results: Both IL-4 and GM-CSF cytokines were effective in enhancing the antitumor reactivity of vaccine-primed LN cells compared to IL-2, which was ineffective. The local delivery of GM-CSF by autocrine or paracrine secretion of genetically engineered cells, as well as direct intratumoral delivery was capable of upregulating LN sensitization compared to systemic administration, which did not.
Conclusions: The local delivery of GM-CSF as an adjuvant for tumor vaccination can be accomplished by various methods, including direct injection, which avoids the need for gene transfer. 相似文献
92.
Y Watanabe H Kanayama K Kato T Kanbe H Matsui S Mitani M Yoshino Y Nishiyama M Kanzaki 《Nihon Kyōbu Shikkan Gakkai zasshi》1991,29(10):1311-1316
A 56-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with right chest pain. Chest X-ray, CT scan and MRI revealed a chest wall tumor and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Percutaneous lung biopsy was performed, and the pathological diagnosis of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma was obtained. The only significant abnormal laboratory finding was elevation of serum NSE (24.5 ng/ml). Although chemotherapy (VAC-ADM) and radiation therapy were performed, the patient died about 7 months after admission. To our knowledge, only 17 cases of chest wall rhabdomyosarcoma have been reported in Japan. 相似文献
93.
A transcrista galli, translamina terminalis approach for highly placed basilar bifurcation aneurysms
Summary Surgery for highly placed basilar bifurcation aneurysms is one of the most difficult operations in neurosurgery. Specific surgical techniques have been developed including the temporopolar, zygomatic, transzygomatic subtemporal, transclinoid trans-sellar transcavernous, and trans third ventricular approaches. The authors present some technical advances which have been developed for the transcristagalli translamina terminalis approach for the treatment of this aneurysm. 相似文献
94.
T Shinkawa H Nakajima K Nishijima F Yamasaki K Kato N Ohzawa M Mizota 《European journal of pharmacology》1992,219(2):217-224
The diuretic activity of a quinolinone oxime diuretic, M12285, was examined after renal arterial, i.v. and portal injection in rats. M12285 injected into the renal artery at a dose of 1 mg/kg caused no diuretic effect, whereas i.v. and portal injections induced marked diuresis dose dependently. The minimum effective dose with portal injection was lower (1 mg/kg) than that with i.v. injection (3 mg/kg) and the start of the effect was faster with portal injection. These results indicated that some metabolic modification in the liver is necessary for the diuretic activity to appear. Accordingly, we performed in situ rat liver perfusion with M12285 and obtained several metabolites. Renal arterial injection of each fractionated metabolite of M12285 revealed that all the diuretic activity derived from one of these metabolites. From IR and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) measurements, the chemical structure of this active metabolite was assumed to be a sulfate-conjugated form of M12285 at the oxime moiety. Based on this tentative chemical structure, we synthesized the oxime sulfate of M12285 (potassium salt, M17000) and confirmed the identity of IR and 1HNMR spectra. Administration of M17000 into the renal artery induced apparent diuresis in a dose-dependent manner in both rats and dogs. These results indicate that the oxime sulfate of M12285 is responsible for the diuretic activity of M12285. Therefore, we synthesized several derivatives of M17000 and confirmed their possible therapeutic value as a novel family of diuretics, namely quinolinone oxime sulfonic acids. 相似文献
95.
Takeda Atsushi Kikuchi Akio Matsuzaki-Kobayashi Michiko Sugeno Naoto Itoyama Yasuto 《Journal of neurology》2007,254(4):IV2-IV7
Journal of Neurology - Olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been described for more than thirty years and known as one of the commonest non-motor symptoms in PD. Recently, it... 相似文献
96.
A 71-year-old man with left periorbital pain and diplopia was hospitalized for evaluation and treatment. He had a past history of untreated diabetes mellitus. Shortly after admission, the patient experienced rapid onset of visual loss in the left eye. MRI and CT showed a lesion expanding from the left orbital apex to the left pterygopalatine fossa. Invasive aspergillosis was diagnosed by open biopsy of intrasinus mucosa via the left maxillary sinus. The patient was treated with voriconazole, an antifungal agent, and marked improvements in left periorbital pain and eye movement were subsequently obtained, although visual acuity was not recovered. This is the first report documenting the clinical utility of voriconazole for sino-orbital invasive aspergillosis. 相似文献
97.
The etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia and related mental disorders such as bipolar disorder and major depression remain largely unclear. Recent advances in mRNA profiling techniques made it possible to perform genome-wide gene expression analysis in a hypothesis-free manner. It was thought that this large-scale data mining approach would reveal unknown molecular cascades involved in mental disorders. Contrary to this initial expectation, however, DNA microarray results in psychiatric fields have been notoriously discordant. Here the authors review the findings of DNA microarray analysis, focusing on systematic gene expression changes in schizophrenia, as well as alterations in the expression of specific genes, that have been reported and replicated. The authors also address the probable causes for the discordance among studies, possible ways to solve the problem, and their preferred approach for data interpretation. 相似文献
98.
Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) is a promising candidate gene for schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP), but its basic biology remains to be elucidated. Accumulating genetic evidence supports that DISC1 is associated with some aspects of cognitive functions relevant to SZ and BP. Here, we provide a summary of the current updates in biological studies of DISC1. Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1, preferentially expressed in the forebrain, has multiple isoforms with potential posttranslational modifications. Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 protein occurs in multiple subcellular compartments, which include the centrosome, microtubule fractions, postsynaptic densities, actin cytoskeletal fractions, the mitochondria, and the nucleus. Recent studies have clarified that DISC1 mediates at least centrosome-dynein cascade and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling. Furthermore, both cytogenetic and cell biological studies consistently suggest that an overall loss of DISC1 function (either haploinsufficiency or dominant-negative, or both) may be associated with SZ and BP. On the basis of these findings, production of DISC1 genetically engineered mice is proposed as a promising animal model for SZ and BP. Several groups are currently generating DISC1 mice and starting to characterize them. In this review, the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model are discussed. 相似文献
99.
N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) is distributed in most animals except humans and chickens. However, human and chicken cancerous tissues often synthesize this heterophilic sialic acid as a tumor-associated Hanganutziu-Deicher antigen [M. Naiki and H. Higashi, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 152: 445-456, 1982; H. Higashi et al., Cancer Res., 45: 3796-3802, 1985]. In this paper, NeuGc in human cancerous tissues and chicken Marek's disease lymphoma cell lines was determined quantitatively with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis using mass fragmentography. The detectable limit of NeuGc was 40 pg (0.12 pmol) in each injection using 5 ng of trideuteriomethyl ester trideuteriomethyl glycoside of the sialic acid as an internal standard sample when a pair of ions at m/e 386 and 389 was chosen for ion monitoring. NeuGc was detected in ganglioside-rich fractions of various human cancerous tissues from 5 of 8 patients examined but was not detected in glycosphingolipids of normal human tissues. The contents of NeuGc in these cancerous tissues ranged from 0.02 to 0.5% of the total sialic acid content. NeuGc was also detected in freeze-dried samples of 5 different cell lines from chicken Marek's disease lymphomas but was not detected in a cell line from chicken lymphoid leukosis lymphoma and normal chicken skeletal muscle tissue. The contents of NeuGc in the positive cell lines ranged from 0.03 to 0.11% of the total sialic acid content. These results indicate that NeuGc can be synthesized in both humans and chickens in some cancers. 相似文献
100.
L Kato 《Acta leprologica》1987,5(4):265-270
Since the discovery of the leprosy bacillus, cultivable mycobacteria were regularly found in lepratic tissues of humans and armadillos. Unpublished data indicate that Professor Hugo Preisz isolated and collected several cultures of unidentified cultivable strains of mycobacteria from leprosy sufferers. Recent findings suggest that Mycobacterium leprae is a microbe-dependent, mycobactin-deficient microorganism. The author proposes the concept that secondary mycobacteria found in leprosy cases are ethilogical cofactors in the pathogenesis of leprosy. Since secondary mycobacteria are rich in mycobactin, it is suggested that they provide the essential mycobactin for growth multiplication and virulence for the mycobactin deficient leprosy bacilli. The implications of this concept are discussed. 相似文献