Partial thickness supraspinatus tears: Diagnosis by magnetic resonance arthrography

Two patients, with clinical symptoms of advanced impingement syndrome, presented for radiologic evaluation. The magnetic resonance (MR) images of each patient were interpreted as representing a full thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon. Magnetic resonance arthrography was performed on both patients to further determine the extent of the tear. Using this technique, both patients were diagnosed correctly as having partial thickness tears; one on the articular surface and the other on the bursal surface of the tendon. This information is useful in surgical planning and in patient outeome.     

Effects of clozapine and other dibenzo-epines on central dopaminergic and cholinergic systems. Structure-activity relationships.

Structure-activity relationships of 16 dibenzoepines, including clozapine, loxapine, clothiapine and perlapine, have been investigated with regard to locomotor inhibition, cataleptogenesis, apomorphine antagonism, arousal inhibition, effect on striatal dopamine metabolism, and in vivo and in vitro anticholinergic potency. Thioridazine and the classical neuroleptics haloperidol and chlorpromazine were included in the study for comparison. The classical tests used to detect neuroleptic activity in laboratory animals were found to be poor predictors of possible clinical effectiveness of the dibenzo-epines.     

Aspiration pneumonia: a review

The damage caused by aspiration depends on the volume, nature and pH of the aspirate and the type of pathogen involved. Aspirate with a pH below 2.5 is much more likely to be toxic than less acidic material. Anaerobic organisms are common pathogens, but aerobic bacteria frequently appear in the hospital setting. Steroids may be useful if administered within minutes of the aspiration. Lavage with large amounts of alkaline fluid has not proved helpful.     

低场强MRI对于颅内转移瘤诊断价值的分析

目的:评价探讨低场强磁共振检查在脑转移瘤中的诊断价值。方法:用0.3 T开放型磁共振成像系统对30例脑转移瘤患者的磁共振平扫、水抑制(FIR)和增强扫描-采用静脉快速推注顺磁性造影剂Gd-DTPA(0.2 ml/kg)结果进行分析。结果:30例中单发病灶8例,多发22例,平扫发现48个病灶,FIR发现72例,增强扫描发现96个病灶,65个病灶直径大于3 cm;发现最小病灶直径3 mm;伴发空洞54例。增强扫描发现平均每个病人有3.2个病灶。结论:MRI是脑转移瘤不可缺少的检查方法,低场强磁共振检查既可准确发现微小和特殊部位的转移灶,又可得到病灶的边缘形态和内部情况以便于治疗方案的确定。